有机改性蒙脱土的制备及其对聚乙烯-聚苯乙烯相态和力学性能的影响
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摘要
利用Gemini表面活性剂对蒙脱土进行插层改性制备得到有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT),采用溶液混合法制备了OMMT/聚苯乙烯(PS)母料,将OMMT/PS母料与聚乙烯(PE)熔融共混制备得到OMMT/PS-PE复合材料。研究了蒙脱土的插层改性对OMMT/PS-PE复合材料相形态和力学性能的影响。对OMMT进行FTIR、XRD、TG表征,结果表明Gemini表面活性剂成功插层进入蒙脱土层间。通过SEM和电子万能试验机研究了OMMT/PS-PE复合材料相结构、分散相粒径的及相态与力学性能之间的关系。结果表明,随着OMMT含量的增加,PS分散相的粒径逐渐减小;当OMMT含量为2.5wt%时,OMMT/PS-PE复合材料的相形态由"海-岛"转变为双连续结构。与未添加OMMT的PE-PS树脂相比,OMMT/PS-PE复合材料弯曲模量和断裂伸长率显著提高,分别提高了约18%和近50倍。
Organic modified montmorillonite(OMMT)was prepared by intercalation modification of montmorillonite with Gemini surfactant.The OMMT/polystyrene(PS)composites were fabricated through solution mixing.The OMMT/PS composites and polyethylene(PE)were melt-blended to obtain OMMT/PS-PE composites.The effect of OMMT on the mechanical properties and phase morphology of OMMT/PS-PE composite was analyzed.The characterizations of OMMT by FTIR,XRD and TG show that Gemini surfactant is successfully intercalated into the layer of montmorillonite.The morphological structure of OMMT/PS-PE composites and the changes of the particle size of PS dispersed phase,as well as the relationship between the phase morphology and the mechanical properties were examined by SEM observation and electronic universal testing machine.The results demonstrate that the particle size of the disperse phase gradually decreases with the addition of OMMT.The phase morphology of the OMMT/PS-PE composites changes from "sea-island"to co-continuous structure when the content of OMMT reaches to2.5 wt%.Compared with PE-PS matrix without OMMT,the flexural modulus and elongation at break of OMMT/PS-PE composites are significantly improved,and increases more than about 18% and 50 times,respectively.
Organic modified montmorillonite(OMMT)was prepared by intercalation modification of montmorillonite with Gemini surfactant.The OMMT/polystyrene(PS)composites were fabricated through solution mixing.The OMMT/PS composites and polyethylene(PE)were melt-blended to obtain OMMT/PS-PE composites.The effect of OMMT on the mechanical properties and phase morphology of OMMT/PS-PE composite was analyzed.The characterizations of OMMT by FTIR,XRD and TG show that Gemini surfactant is successfully intercalated into the layer of montmorillonite.The morphological structure of OMMT/PS-PE composites and the changes of the particle size of PS dispersed phase,as well as the relationship between the phase morphology and the mechanical properties were examined by SEM observation and electronic universal testing machine.The results demonstrate that the particle size of the disperse phase gradually decreases with the addition of OMMT.The phase morphology of the OMMT/PS-PE composites changes from "sea-island"to co-continuous structure when the content of OMMT reaches to2.5 wt%.Compared with PE-PS matrix without OMMT,the flexural modulus and elongation at break of OMMT/PS-PE composites are significantly improved,and increases more than about 18% and 50 times,respectively.
引文
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[24]KRISHNAN A K,GEORGE T S,ANJANA R,et al.Effect of modified kaolin clays on the mechanical properties of polypropylene/polystyrene blends[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2013,127(2):1409-1415.
[25]FILIPPONE G,DINTCHEVA N T,MANTIA F P L,et al.Selective localization of organoclay and effects on the morphology and mechanical properties of LDPE/PA11 blends with distributed and co-continuous morphology[J].Journal of Polymer Science Part B:Polymer Physics,2010,48(5):600-609.
[26]WANG N,LI M,ZHANG J.Polymer-filled porous MCM-41:An effective means to design polymer-based nanocomposite[J].Materials Letters,2005,59(21):2685-2688.
[27]NAZARI T,GARMABI H,AREFAZAR A.Effect of clay modification on the morphology and the mechanical/physical properties of ABS/PMMA blends[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2012,126(5):1637-1649.
[2]YU L,DEAN K,LI L.Polymer blends and composites from renewable resources[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2006,31(6):576-602.
[3]YOU F,WANG D,LI X,et al.Synthesis of polypropylenegrafted graphene and its compatibilization effect on polypropylene/polystyrene blends[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2014,131(13):178-184.
[4]ZHANG Q,YANG H,FU Q.Kinetics-controlled compatibilization of immiscible polypropylene/polystyrene blends using nano-SiO2 particles[J].Polymer,2004,45(6):913-1922.
[5]RAY S S,POULIOT S,BOUSMINA M,et al.Role of organically modified layered silicate as an active interfacial modifier in immiscible polystyrene/polypropylene blends[J].Polymer,2004,45(25):8403-8413.
[6]周强,卞军,王刚,等.功能化纳米氧化石墨烯/POE-gMAH/聚苯乙烯复合材料的制备与性能[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(2):240-248.ZHOU Q,BIAN J,WANG G,et al.Preparation and property of functionalized nano graphene oxide/POE-g-MAH/polystyrene composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2016,33(2):240-248(in Chinese).
[7]NAM B U,MIN K D,SON Y.Investigation of the nanostructure,thermal stability,and mechanical properties of polylactic acid/cellulose acetate butyrate/clay nanocomposites[J].Materials Letters,2015,150:118-121.
[8]程博,李定华,吴凡,等.不同蒙脱土对Al(OH)3/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯复合材料力学性能和阻燃性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(12):2715-2721.CHENG B,LI D H,WU F,et al.Effect of montmorillonite type on mechanical and flame retarded properties of Al(OH)3/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(12):2715-2721(in Chinese).
[9]张林,陈介南,刘进,等.钠基蒙脱土的有机改性及其表征[J].复合材料学报,2009,26(5):93-99.ZHANG L,CHEN J N,LIU J,et al.Organic modification and characterization of Na-montmorillonite[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2009,26(5):93-99(in Chinese).
[10]陈宇飞,楚洪月,汪波涛.改性蒙脱土/双马来酰亚胺复合材料微观形貌及力学性能[J].复合材料学报,2018,35(6):1407-1413.CHEN Y F,CHU H Y,WANG B T.Micro-morphology and mechanical properties of modified montmorillonite/bismaleimide composite[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2018,35(6):1407-1413(in Chinese).
[11]GENOYER J,YEE M,SOULESTIN J,et al.Compatibilization mechanism induced by organoclay in PMMA/PS blends[J].Journal of Rheology,2017,61(4):613-626.
[12]SALEHIYAN R,SONG H Y,KIM M,et al.Morphological evaluation of PP/PS blends filled with different types of clays by nonlinear rheological analysis[J].Macromolecules,2016,49(8):3148-3160.
[13]秦舒浩,胡世军,罗筑,等.制备工艺对纳米有机蒙脱土/聚酰胺6-聚丙烯复合材料分散相形态及力学性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(6):14-22.QIN S H,HU S J,LUO Z,et al.Effect of preparation process on morphology and mechanical properties of nanoorgan-montmorillonite/polyamide-6-polypropylene composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(6):14-22(in Chinese).
[14]严伟,秦舒浩,于杰,等.有机蒙脱土对ABS-PA6共混物形态结构与力学性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2010,27(1):37-42.YAN W,QIN S H,YU J,et al.Effects of organic montmorillonite on morphology and mechanical properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)-polyamide 6(PA6)blends[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2010,27(1):37-42(in Chinese).
[15]中国国家标准化管理委员会.塑料拉伸性能的测定:GB/T1040.1-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Plastics:Determination of tensile properties:GB/T1040.1-2006[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2015(in Chinese).
[16]中国国家标准化管理委员会.塑料弯曲性能的测定:GB/T9341-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Plastics:Determination of flexural properties:GB/T9341-2008[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2008(in Chinese).
[17]LI B,ZHANG Q,XIA Y,et al.Surface properties and aggregation behavior of cationic Gemini surfactants with dipropylammonium head-groups[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2015,470:211-217.
[18]LIU Z T,GE Y F,ZHANG Q,et al.Adsorption and micellization of Gemini surfactants with diethylammonium headgroups:Effect of the spacer rigidity[J].Journal of Surfactants and Detergents,2017,20(4):765-775.
[19]BHATTACHARYA M.Polymer nanocomposites:A comparison between carbon nanotubes,graphene,and clay as nanofillers[J].Materials,2016,9(4):262.
[20]RAY S S,BOUSMINA M.Effect of organic modification on the compatibilization efficiency of clay in an immiscible polymer blend[J].Macromolecular Rapid Communications,2005,26(20):1639-1646.
[21]WANG Y,ZHANG Q,FU Q.Compatibilization of immiscible poly(propylene)/polystyrene blends using clay[J].Macromolecular Rapid Communications,2003,24(3):231-235.
[22]LIU X Q,BAO R Y,LIU Z Y,et al.Effect of nano-silica on the phase inversion behavior of immiscible PA6/ABS blends[J].Polymer Testing,2013,32(1):141-149.
[23]QU C,YANG H,LIANG D,et al.Morphology and properties of PET/PA-6/SiO2ternary composites[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2007,104(4):2288-2296.
[24]KRISHNAN A K,GEORGE T S,ANJANA R,et al.Effect of modified kaolin clays on the mechanical properties of polypropylene/polystyrene blends[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2013,127(2):1409-1415.
[25]FILIPPONE G,DINTCHEVA N T,MANTIA F P L,et al.Selective localization of organoclay and effects on the morphology and mechanical properties of LDPE/PA11 blends with distributed and co-continuous morphology[J].Journal of Polymer Science Part B:Polymer Physics,2010,48(5):600-609.
[26]WANG N,LI M,ZHANG J.Polymer-filled porous MCM-41:An effective means to design polymer-based nanocomposite[J].Materials Letters,2005,59(21):2685-2688.
[27]NAZARI T,GARMABI H,AREFAZAR A.Effect of clay modification on the morphology and the mechanical/physical properties of ABS/PMMA blends[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2012,126(5):1637-1649.