重型载货汽车高原区行驶特性试验
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摘要
【目的】针对高原区重型载货汽车因大气状态变化出现功率下降导致动力不足的问题,本研究选择了西宁(2 300 m)、共和(2 890 m)、兴海(3 638 m)、玉树(4 188 m)和玛多(4 545 m)5个海拔梯度地区进行发动机全负荷加速和制动试验研究.【方法】基于汽车系统动力学理论,运用二次拟合的方法获得了发动机外特性和制动特性曲线,从而建立了发动机输出驱动扭矩和制动扭矩与海拔之间的模型,并用于评价重型载货汽车高原区行驶的特性.【结果】同台架试验相比,海拔2 300、2 890、3 638、4 188、4 545 m发动机输出功率分别下降了15.65%、20.87%、26.53%、29.33%、33.21%,发动机制动时输出制动扭矩分别下降了30.20%、44.68%、47.69%、49.69%、51.00%.【结论】建立发动机输出驱动扭矩和制动扭矩与海拔之间的模型误差分别在±5%、±3%以内,能够准确的反映不同海拔高度的发动机外特性和制动特性,可用于评价重型载货汽车高原区行驶特性.
【Objective】 To solve the problem that the power decrease of diesel engine in plateau area,this paper chooses 5 altitude gradients of Xining(2 300 m),Gonghe(2 890 m),Xinghai(3 638 m),Yushu(4 188 m) and Madoi(4 545 m) to take engine full load acceleration and engine braking tests.【Method】 Based on the theory of vehicle dynamics,the engine external characteristics and engine braking characteristic curves are obtained by the method of quadratic fitting,and the model between engine driving torque,braking torque and altitude are established to evaluate the driving characteristics of heavy trucks in plateau area.【Result】 The engine output power decreases by 15.65%,20.87%,26.53%,29.33% and 33.21%,and the engine output braking torque decreases by 30.20%,44.68%,47.69%,49.69% and 51.00% at 2 300,2 890,3 638,4 188 and 4 545 m altitudes.【Conclusion】 The results suggest that the model errors between engine driving torque and braking torque and altitude are within(+5%) and(+3%),which can accurately reflect the engine characteristics and engine braking characteristics at different altitudes,and can be used to evaluate the driving characteristics of heavy trucks in plateau areas.
【Objective】 To solve the problem that the power decrease of diesel engine in plateau area,this paper chooses 5 altitude gradients of Xining(2 300 m),Gonghe(2 890 m),Xinghai(3 638 m),Yushu(4 188 m) and Madoi(4 545 m) to take engine full load acceleration and engine braking tests.【Method】 Based on the theory of vehicle dynamics,the engine external characteristics and engine braking characteristic curves are obtained by the method of quadratic fitting,and the model between engine driving torque,braking torque and altitude are established to evaluate the driving characteristics of heavy trucks in plateau area.【Result】 The engine output power decreases by 15.65%,20.87%,26.53%,29.33% and 33.21%,and the engine output braking torque decreases by 30.20%,44.68%,47.69%,49.69% and 51.00% at 2 300,2 890,3 638,4 188 and 4 545 m altitudes.【Conclusion】 The results suggest that the model errors between engine driving torque and braking torque and altitude are within(+5%) and(+3%),which can accurately reflect the engine characteristics and engine braking characteristics at different altitudes,and can be used to evaluate the driving characteristics of heavy trucks in plateau areas.
引文
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[20] 史培龙,严慈磊,张培培,等.重型商用车长大下坡行驶能力研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(5):194-200.
[2] 王志学,胡昌元,王航,等.BF6L913C柴油机高原恢复功率的研究[J].车辆与动力技术,2002,86(2):18-22.
[3] Soares S M C,Sodre J R.Effects of atmospheric temperature and pressure on the performance of a vehicle[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering,2002,216(6):473-477.
[4] Zhang C H,Xue L,Wang J.Experimental study of the influence of λ and intake temperature on combustion characteristics in an HCCI engine fueled with n-heptane[J].Journal of the Energy Institute,2014(87):175-182.
[5] Shen L Z,Yang Y Z,Lei J L,et al.Study of performance and emissions of a turbocharged inter-cooling diesel engine at different altitudes[J].Transactions of CSICE,2006,24(3):250-255.
[6] Penhalbel L T B,Moreira F B,Araújo J P D.Altitude and winter tests for best vehicle operations[C]//Technical Paper Series.Sao Paulo:XVI Congressoe Exposicao internationais da Tecnologla da Mobilidate,2007.
[7] 吴娜,赵武云,田斌,等.高原地区双燃料发动机功率性能试验[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49(6):171-174.
[8] 申立中,沈颖刚,毕玉华,等.不同海拔高度下自然吸气和增压柴油机的燃烧过程[J].内燃机学报,2002,20(1):49-52.
[9] 刘祖柏.不同海拔下汽车涡轮增压柴油机性能研究[D].上海:上海海事大学,2006.
[10] Li H,Shi L,Deng K.Development of turbocharging system for diesel engines of power generation application at different altitudes[J].Journal of the Energy Institute,2016,89(4):755-765.
[11] Yang M,Gu Y,Deng K,et al.Analysis on altitude adaptability of turbocharging systems for a heavy-duty diesel engine[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2018(128):1196-1207.
[12] Wang X,Ge Y,Yu L,et al.Effects of altitude on the thermal efficiency of a heavy-duty diesel engine[J].Energy,2013(59):543-548.
[13] Liu S,Shen L,Bi Y,et al.Effects of altitude and fuel oxygen content on the performance of a high pressure common rail diesel engine[J].Fuel,2014,118(1):243-249.
[14] Wang X,Ge Y,Yu L,et al.Comparison of combustion characteristics and brake thermal efficiency of a heavy-duty diesel engine fueled with diesel and biodiesel at high altitude[J].Fuel,2013,107(9):852-858.
[15] 赵伟,葛蕴珊,陆红雨,等.电控共轨柴油机海拔特性仿真[J].汽车工程,2014,36(1):32-37.
[16] 米奇克,著,陈荫三,译.汽车动力学[M].4版.北京:清华大学出版社,2009.
[17] Winkler N,Angstr?m H.Simulations and measurements of a two-stage turbocharged heavy-duty diesel engine including EGR in transient operation[C]//SAE Technical Paper Series.Detroit:2008 World Congress Detroit,2008.
[18] 刘乐,陆红雨,王玉伟,等.不同海拔下自然吸气轻型汽油车性能研究[J].汽车工程,2014,36(8):929-934.
[19] 王志新,余强,宋庆阳,等.重载货车制动鼓温升模型建立及应用[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(6):159-164.
[20] 史培龙,严慈磊,张培培,等.重型商用车长大下坡行驶能力研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(5):194-200.