西昆仑山前印支运动期构造对后期构造和沉积的影响
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摘要
印支运动期古构造对塔里木盆地西南缘西昆仑山前后期的构造变形和侏罗纪—白垩纪的沉积都具有十分重要的控制作用。但由于新生代以来的强烈改造,研究区印支运动期构造特征识别较为困难。选择新生代构造活动相对较弱的西昆仑山前中段,野外露头调查、钻井和地震资料等综合研究表明,西昆仑山前发育印支运动期褶皱冲断带,形成一系列逆冲断层和北东翼陡、南西翼缓的背斜,这与晚三叠世塔里木板块与羌塘地体最终完成陆—陆碰撞形成的北—北东向挤压有关。印支运动期发育的古断层在喜马拉雅运动晚期挤压下复活,从而造成两期背斜上下叠置,构造高点重合。因此,印支运动期构造格局极大地限制了喜马拉雅运动晚期的构造变形。印支运动期古构造奠定了中生代的古地形格局,并对侏罗纪—白垩纪沉积起到了重要的控制作用。受深部印支运动期逆冲断层控制的北西—南东向斜列式分布的古隆起,是造成该区白垩系分布和储集层物性差异的重要原因。
The Indosinian structures exert important controls on the structural deformation in the late stages and sedimentation during Jurassic to Cretaceous in the piedmont of the western Kunlun Mountains in the southwestern margin of Tarim basin. It is very difficult to identify the structural features during Indosinian period in the study area due to the strong reworking since Cenozoic. The middle segment of the western Kunlun Mountains where the tectonic activity was relatively weak is selected to be the study object. Based on the comprehensive study on field outcrop, drilling and seismic data, fold thrust belts were developed in the piedmont of the western Kunlun Mountains and a series of thrust faults and the anticlines with steep north and east flanks and gentle south and west flanks were formed, which may be related to the N-NE compression resulted from the continental collision between the Late Triassic Tarim plate and Qiangtang terrane. These Indosinian structures were reactivated due to the compression during the Late Himalayan movement, resulting in the superimpositions of the anticlines of two periods and the coincidence of structural highs. Therefore, the structural framework during the Indosinian movement significantly constrained the structural deformation during the Late Himalayan movement. The paleostructure during the Indosinian period laid a foundation for the paleotopographic framework of Mesozoic and played an important control action on the sedimentation during Jurassic to Cretaceous. The NW-SE trending paleohigh controlled by deep-burial thrust faults during Indosinian is the main factor resulting in the differences in distribution and physical properties of Cretaceous reservoir.
The Indosinian structures exert important controls on the structural deformation in the late stages and sedimentation during Jurassic to Cretaceous in the piedmont of the western Kunlun Mountains in the southwestern margin of Tarim basin. It is very difficult to identify the structural features during Indosinian period in the study area due to the strong reworking since Cenozoic. The middle segment of the western Kunlun Mountains where the tectonic activity was relatively weak is selected to be the study object. Based on the comprehensive study on field outcrop, drilling and seismic data, fold thrust belts were developed in the piedmont of the western Kunlun Mountains and a series of thrust faults and the anticlines with steep north and east flanks and gentle south and west flanks were formed, which may be related to the N-NE compression resulted from the continental collision between the Late Triassic Tarim plate and Qiangtang terrane. These Indosinian structures were reactivated due to the compression during the Late Himalayan movement, resulting in the superimpositions of the anticlines of two periods and the coincidence of structural highs. Therefore, the structural framework during the Indosinian movement significantly constrained the structural deformation during the Late Himalayan movement. The paleostructure during the Indosinian period laid a foundation for the paleotopographic framework of Mesozoic and played an important control action on the sedimentation during Jurassic to Cretaceous. The NW-SE trending paleohigh controlled by deep-burial thrust faults during Indosinian is the main factor resulting in the differences in distribution and physical properties of Cretaceous reservoir.
引文
[1]崔军文,郭宪璞,丁孝忠,等.西昆仑—塔里木盆地盆—山结合部的中、新生代变形构造及其动力学[J].地学前缘,2006,13(4):103-118.CUI Junwen,GUO Xianpu,DING Xiaozhong,et al. Mesozoic-Cenozoic deformation structures and their dynamics in the basin-range junction belt of the west Kunlun-Tarim basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(4):103-118.
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[5]肖安成,杨树锋,陈汉林,等.西昆仑山前冲断系的结构特征[J].地学前缘,2000,7(增刊):128-135.XIAO Ancheng,YANG Shufeng,CHEN Hanlin,et al. Structural characteristics of thrust system in the front of the west Kunlun Mountains[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(Supp.):128-135.
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[7]周良仁,蔡厚维.中国西北地区的印支运动[J].中国地质科学院西安地质矿产研究所所刊,1989,26:69-80.ZHOU Liangren,CAI Houwei. Indosinian orogeny in northwestern China[J]. Bulletin of Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,CAGS,1989,26:69-80.
[8]汤良杰.略论塔里木盆地主要构造运动[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):108-114.TANG Liangjie. An approach to major tectogenesis of Tarim basin[J]. Experimental Petroleum Geology,1997,19(2):108-114.
[9]杨克明.论西昆仑大陆边缘构造演化及塔里木西南盆地类型[J].地质论评,1994,40(1):9-18.YANG Keming. The formation and evolution of the western Kunlun continental margin[J]. Geological Review,1994,40(1):9-18.
[10]廖林,程晓敢,王步清,等.塔里木盆地西南缘中生代沉积古环境恢复[J].地质学报,2010,84(8):1 195-1 207.LIAO Lin,CHENG Xiaogan,WANG Buqing,et al. Reconstruction of Mesozoic sedimentary paleoenviroment in the southwestern Tarim basin,northwestern China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(8):1 195-1 207.
[11]伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,等.帕米尔—西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):260-271.WU Xiufang,LIU Sheng,WANG Xin,et al. Analysis on structural sections in the Cenozoic Pamir-western Kunlun foreland fold and thrust belt[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(2):260-271.
[12]杨海军,王步清,杨芝林,等.塔里木盆地西南坳陷柯东构造建模与油气勘探[J].地质科学,2011,46(2):456-465.YANG Haijun,WANG Buqing,YANG Zhilin,et al. Structure modeling and hydrocarbon exploration of Kedong structural belt in southwestern Tarim basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology,2011,46(2):456-465.
[13]梁瀚,汪新,陈伟,等.西昆仑山前和田—柯克亚挤压构造带新生代变形时序及其地质意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,2014,38(1):27-37.LIANG Han,WANG Xin,CHEN Wei,et al. Cenozoic deformation sequence of Hetian-Kekeya structural belt in the piedmont of west Kunlun mountains[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2014,38(1):27-37.
[14] CHENG X,CHEN H,LIN X,et al. Geometry and kinematic evolution of the Hotan-Tiklik segment of the western Kunlun thrust belt:constrained by structural analyses and apatite fission track thermochronology[J]. Journal of Geology,2017,125(1):65-82.
[15]曲国胜,李亦纲,张宁,等.塔里木西南缘(齐姆根弧)前陆构造及形成机理[J].地质论评,2004,50(6):567-576.QU Guosheng,LI Yigang,ZHANG Ning,et al. A study on the foreland structure of the Qimugen arc in southwest Tarim and its genetic mechanism[J]. Geological Review,2004,50(6):567-576.
[16] COWGILL E. Cenozoic right-slip faulting along the eastern margin of the Pamir salient,northwestern China[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2010,122(1):145-161.
[17] CAO K,WANG G C,BERNET M,et al. Exhumation history of the west Kunlun mountains,northwestern Tibet:evidence for a longlived,rejuvenated orogen[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2015,432(15):391-403.
[18] XIAO W J,WINDLEY B F,CHEN H L,et al. Carboniferous-Triassic subduction and accretion in the western Kunlun,China:implications for the collisional and accretionary tectonics of the northern Tibetan plateau[J]. Geology,2002,30(4):295-298.
[19] JIANG Y H,JIA R Y,LIU Z,et al. Origin of Middle Triassic highK calc-alkaline granitoids and their potassic microgranular enclaves from the western Kunlun orogen,northwest China:a record of the closure of Paleo-Tethys[J]. Lithos,2013,156-159(1):13-30.
[20]计文化,韩芳林,王炬川,等.西昆仑于田南部苏巴什蛇绿混杂岩的组成、地球化学特征及地质意义[J].地质通报,2004,23(12):1 196-1 201.JI Wenhua,HAN Fanglin,WANG Juchuan,et al. Composition and geochemistry of the Subashi ophiolitic mélange in the west Kunlun and its geological significance[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2004,23(12):1 196-1 201.
[21]计文化,周辉,李亚民.西昆仑新藏公路118—323 km段基性、酸性岩脉K—Ar年龄[J].地质通报,2005,24(3):243-245.JI Wenhua,ZHOU Hui,LI Yamin. K-Ar ages of basic-acid dikes of the 118-323 km section of the Xinjiang-Tibet highway in the west Kunlun[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2005,24(3):243-245.
[22] ZHANG Y,NIU Y,HU Y,et al. The syncollisional granitoid magmatism and continental crust growth in the west Kunlun orogen,China—evidence from geochronology and geochemistry of the Arkarz pluton[J]. Lithos,2016,245(12):191-204.
[23]贾承造.塔里木盆地板块构造与大陆动力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.JIA Chengzao. Tectonic evolution and continental dynamics of the Tarim plate[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
[24]赵冬冬,陈汉林,杨树锋,等.西昆仑甜水海地区前陆褶皱冲断带的构造样式及其演化[J].地质学报,2000,74(2):134-141.ZHAO Dongdong,CHEN Hanlin,YANG Shufeng,et al. Structural styles of the foreland fold and thrust belt in the Tianshuihai area,western Kunlun,and its tectonic evolution[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2000,74(2):134-141.
[25]何碧竹,许志琴,焦存礼,等.塔里木盆地构造不整合成因及对油气成藏的影响[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):253-265.HE Bizhu,XU Zhiqin,JIAO Cunli,et al. Tectonic unconformities and their forming:implication for hydrocarbon accumulations in Tarim basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(1):253-265.
[26]秦都.塔里木盆地西南地区侏罗纪原型盆地类型与特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(6):831-839.QIN Du. Types and characteristics of Jurassic prototype basins in southwestern Tarim basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(6):831-839.
[27] SOBEL E R. Basin analysis of the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous southwest Tarim basin,northwest China[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1999,111(5):709-724.
[28]廖林,王步清.塔里木盆地西南坳陷苏2构造建模[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(4):448-450.LIAO Lin,WANG Buqing. Modeling of Su-2 structure in southwest depression of Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(4):448-450.
[29]卓勤功,赵孟军,邹开真,等.中国中西部前陆冲断带油气分布规律及勘探领域[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(2):125-133.ZHUO Qingong,ZHAO Mengjun,ZOU Kaizhen,et al. Petroleum distribution in foreland thrust belts and its exploration areas in midwest China[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(2):125-133.
[2]杨树锋,贾承造,陈汉林,等.特提斯构造带的演化和北缘盆地群形成及塔里木天然气勘探远景[J].科学通报,2002,47(增刊):36-43.YANG Shufeng,JIA Chengzao,CHEN Hanlin,et al. Evolution of Tethys tectonic belt and formation of north marginal basin group and prospect of gas exploration in Tarim basin[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(Supp.):36-43.
[3]许志琴,李思田,张建新,等.塔里木地块与古亚洲/特提斯构造体系的对接[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):1-22.XU Zhiqin,LI Sitian,ZHANG Jianxin,et al. Paleo-Asian and Tethyan tectonic systems with docking the Tarim block[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(1):1-22.
[4] MATTE P,TAPPONNIER P,ARNAUD N,et al. Tectonics of western Tibet,between the Tarim and the Indus[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1996,142(3-4):311-330.
[5]肖安成,杨树锋,陈汉林,等.西昆仑山前冲断系的结构特征[J].地学前缘,2000,7(增刊):128-135.XIAO Ancheng,YANG Shufeng,CHEN Hanlin,et al. Structural characteristics of thrust system in the front of the west Kunlun Mountains[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(Supp.):128-135.
[6]程晓敢,陈汉林,师骏,等.西昆仑山前侏罗—白垩系分布特征及其控制因素[J].地球科学,2012,37(4):635-644.CHENG Xiaogan,CHEN Hanlin,SHI Jun,et al. Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of Jurassic-Cretaceous in the front of west Kunlun mountains[J]. Earth Science,2012,37(4):635-644.
[7]周良仁,蔡厚维.中国西北地区的印支运动[J].中国地质科学院西安地质矿产研究所所刊,1989,26:69-80.ZHOU Liangren,CAI Houwei. Indosinian orogeny in northwestern China[J]. Bulletin of Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,CAGS,1989,26:69-80.
[8]汤良杰.略论塔里木盆地主要构造运动[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):108-114.TANG Liangjie. An approach to major tectogenesis of Tarim basin[J]. Experimental Petroleum Geology,1997,19(2):108-114.
[9]杨克明.论西昆仑大陆边缘构造演化及塔里木西南盆地类型[J].地质论评,1994,40(1):9-18.YANG Keming. The formation and evolution of the western Kunlun continental margin[J]. Geological Review,1994,40(1):9-18.
[10]廖林,程晓敢,王步清,等.塔里木盆地西南缘中生代沉积古环境恢复[J].地质学报,2010,84(8):1 195-1 207.LIAO Lin,CHENG Xiaogan,WANG Buqing,et al. Reconstruction of Mesozoic sedimentary paleoenviroment in the southwestern Tarim basin,northwestern China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(8):1 195-1 207.
[11]伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,等.帕米尔—西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):260-271.WU Xiufang,LIU Sheng,WANG Xin,et al. Analysis on structural sections in the Cenozoic Pamir-western Kunlun foreland fold and thrust belt[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(2):260-271.
[12]杨海军,王步清,杨芝林,等.塔里木盆地西南坳陷柯东构造建模与油气勘探[J].地质科学,2011,46(2):456-465.YANG Haijun,WANG Buqing,YANG Zhilin,et al. Structure modeling and hydrocarbon exploration of Kedong structural belt in southwestern Tarim basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology,2011,46(2):456-465.
[13]梁瀚,汪新,陈伟,等.西昆仑山前和田—柯克亚挤压构造带新生代变形时序及其地质意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,2014,38(1):27-37.LIANG Han,WANG Xin,CHEN Wei,et al. Cenozoic deformation sequence of Hetian-Kekeya structural belt in the piedmont of west Kunlun mountains[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2014,38(1):27-37.
[14] CHENG X,CHEN H,LIN X,et al. Geometry and kinematic evolution of the Hotan-Tiklik segment of the western Kunlun thrust belt:constrained by structural analyses and apatite fission track thermochronology[J]. Journal of Geology,2017,125(1):65-82.
[15]曲国胜,李亦纲,张宁,等.塔里木西南缘(齐姆根弧)前陆构造及形成机理[J].地质论评,2004,50(6):567-576.QU Guosheng,LI Yigang,ZHANG Ning,et al. A study on the foreland structure of the Qimugen arc in southwest Tarim and its genetic mechanism[J]. Geological Review,2004,50(6):567-576.
[16] COWGILL E. Cenozoic right-slip faulting along the eastern margin of the Pamir salient,northwestern China[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2010,122(1):145-161.
[17] CAO K,WANG G C,BERNET M,et al. Exhumation history of the west Kunlun mountains,northwestern Tibet:evidence for a longlived,rejuvenated orogen[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2015,432(15):391-403.
[18] XIAO W J,WINDLEY B F,CHEN H L,et al. Carboniferous-Triassic subduction and accretion in the western Kunlun,China:implications for the collisional and accretionary tectonics of the northern Tibetan plateau[J]. Geology,2002,30(4):295-298.
[19] JIANG Y H,JIA R Y,LIU Z,et al. Origin of Middle Triassic highK calc-alkaline granitoids and their potassic microgranular enclaves from the western Kunlun orogen,northwest China:a record of the closure of Paleo-Tethys[J]. Lithos,2013,156-159(1):13-30.
[20]计文化,韩芳林,王炬川,等.西昆仑于田南部苏巴什蛇绿混杂岩的组成、地球化学特征及地质意义[J].地质通报,2004,23(12):1 196-1 201.JI Wenhua,HAN Fanglin,WANG Juchuan,et al. Composition and geochemistry of the Subashi ophiolitic mélange in the west Kunlun and its geological significance[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2004,23(12):1 196-1 201.
[21]计文化,周辉,李亚民.西昆仑新藏公路118—323 km段基性、酸性岩脉K—Ar年龄[J].地质通报,2005,24(3):243-245.JI Wenhua,ZHOU Hui,LI Yamin. K-Ar ages of basic-acid dikes of the 118-323 km section of the Xinjiang-Tibet highway in the west Kunlun[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2005,24(3):243-245.
[22] ZHANG Y,NIU Y,HU Y,et al. The syncollisional granitoid magmatism and continental crust growth in the west Kunlun orogen,China—evidence from geochronology and geochemistry of the Arkarz pluton[J]. Lithos,2016,245(12):191-204.
[23]贾承造.塔里木盆地板块构造与大陆动力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.JIA Chengzao. Tectonic evolution and continental dynamics of the Tarim plate[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
[24]赵冬冬,陈汉林,杨树锋,等.西昆仑甜水海地区前陆褶皱冲断带的构造样式及其演化[J].地质学报,2000,74(2):134-141.ZHAO Dongdong,CHEN Hanlin,YANG Shufeng,et al. Structural styles of the foreland fold and thrust belt in the Tianshuihai area,western Kunlun,and its tectonic evolution[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2000,74(2):134-141.
[25]何碧竹,许志琴,焦存礼,等.塔里木盆地构造不整合成因及对油气成藏的影响[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):253-265.HE Bizhu,XU Zhiqin,JIAO Cunli,et al. Tectonic unconformities and their forming:implication for hydrocarbon accumulations in Tarim basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(1):253-265.
[26]秦都.塔里木盆地西南地区侏罗纪原型盆地类型与特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(6):831-839.QIN Du. Types and characteristics of Jurassic prototype basins in southwestern Tarim basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(6):831-839.
[27] SOBEL E R. Basin analysis of the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous southwest Tarim basin,northwest China[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1999,111(5):709-724.
[28]廖林,王步清.塔里木盆地西南坳陷苏2构造建模[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(4):448-450.LIAO Lin,WANG Buqing. Modeling of Su-2 structure in southwest depression of Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(4):448-450.
[29]卓勤功,赵孟军,邹开真,等.中国中西部前陆冲断带油气分布规律及勘探领域[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(2):125-133.ZHUO Qingong,ZHAO Mengjun,ZOU Kaizhen,et al. Petroleum distribution in foreland thrust belts and its exploration areas in midwest China[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(2):125-133.
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