基于压汞资料的碳酸盐岩储层渗透率预测模型——以扎纳若尔油田KT-Ⅰ和KT-Ⅱ含油层系灰岩储层为例
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摘要
以哈萨克斯坦扎纳若尔油田82块碳酸盐岩岩心的压汞及物性分析资料为基础,对比分析Swanson模型、Capillary-Parachor模型、Winland模型、Pittman模型、Nelson模型和δ函数模型预测碳酸盐岩储层渗透率的精度。结果表明,这6种渗透率预测模型对孔隙结构复杂的碳酸盐岩储层渗透率的预测精度均较差,但Swanson模型的预测精度优于其他5种模型。进一步分析Swanson模型预测碳酸盐岩储层渗透率的适用性,认为该模型不能反映储层微裂缝对渗透率的影响,也不能反映复杂的孔喉半径分布特征对渗透率的影响。对于孔喉半径分布呈多峰特征的碳酸盐岩岩心,孔喉的发育对储层的渗透率都有贡献,不存在优势孔喉区域,而Swanson模型将毛管压力曲线拐点处对应的孔喉半径作为岩心发育的优势孔喉半径,且忽略了孔喉半径分布呈双峰特征的岩心中发育的小孔喉对渗透率的影响,导致Swanson模型计算的渗透率误差较大。因此,以Swanson模型为基础,提出一种综合考虑孔隙度、歪度和分选系数等孔隙结构参数的改进渗透率预测模型,将该模型与Swanson模型进行对比,发现改进渗透率预测模型对孔隙结构复杂的碳酸盐岩储层渗透率的预测精度有明显提高。
Based on capillary pressure curve and experimental measurement data of porosity and permeability of 82 carbonate rocks of Zahnanor oilfield in Caspian Seashore Basin,Kazakhstan,comparison analysis of permeability prediction accuracy of carbonate reservoir was made through comparing and analyzing Swanson model,Capillary-Parachor model,Winland model,Pittman model,Nelson model and the δ function model. The results show that the calculation accuracy of the six permeability prediction models is poor for permeability prediction of complicated pore structure carbonate reservoir. But the effect of Swanson model is better than those of the other five models. Further analysis on the applicability of permeability prediction of carbonate reservoir based on Swanson model suggestes that the Swanson model cannot reflect the influences of microfracture and complex pore throat distribution on permeability. For carbonate rock sample,the pore throat,the distri-bution of which is characterized by multimodal feature,contributes to reservoir permeability,and there is no dominant pore throat size in the core sample. On the contrary,the Swanson model believes that the pore throat radius corresponding to the inflexion point of capillary pressure curve is the dominant pore throat size of core sample. And the Swanson model ignores the influence of small pore throat on permeability of rock sample which has a bimodal pore throat distribution. Therefore,the error of permeability calculated by Swanson model is obvious. Based on Swanson model,we put forward an improved permeability prediction model considering the influence of pore structure parameters such as porosity,skewness and sorting coefficient. It is found that the permeability prediction accuracy of the improved permeability prediction model for complex pore structure carbonate reservoir is obviously enhanced through comparing it with the Swanson model.
Based on capillary pressure curve and experimental measurement data of porosity and permeability of 82 carbonate rocks of Zahnanor oilfield in Caspian Seashore Basin,Kazakhstan,comparison analysis of permeability prediction accuracy of carbonate reservoir was made through comparing and analyzing Swanson model,Capillary-Parachor model,Winland model,Pittman model,Nelson model and the δ function model. The results show that the calculation accuracy of the six permeability prediction models is poor for permeability prediction of complicated pore structure carbonate reservoir. But the effect of Swanson model is better than those of the other five models. Further analysis on the applicability of permeability prediction of carbonate reservoir based on Swanson model suggestes that the Swanson model cannot reflect the influences of microfracture and complex pore throat distribution on permeability. For carbonate rock sample,the pore throat,the distri-bution of which is characterized by multimodal feature,contributes to reservoir permeability,and there is no dominant pore throat size in the core sample. On the contrary,the Swanson model believes that the pore throat radius corresponding to the inflexion point of capillary pressure curve is the dominant pore throat size of core sample. And the Swanson model ignores the influence of small pore throat on permeability of rock sample which has a bimodal pore throat distribution. Therefore,the error of permeability calculated by Swanson model is obvious. Based on Swanson model,we put forward an improved permeability prediction model considering the influence of pore structure parameters such as porosity,skewness and sorting coefficient. It is found that the permeability prediction accuracy of the improved permeability prediction model for complex pore structure carbonate reservoir is obviously enhanced through comparing it with the Swanson model.
引文
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[14]Purcell W R.Capillary pressures-their measurement using mercury and the calculation of permeability therefrom[J].Journal of Petroleum Engineers,1949,1(2):39-48.
[15]Thomeer J H M.Introduction of a pore geometrical factor defined by the capillary pressure curve[J].Journal of Petroleum Engineers,1960,12(3):73-77.
[16]Swanson B F.A simple correlation between permeabilities and mercury capillary pressure[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1981,33(12):2 498-2 503.
[17]Guo Boyun,Ghalambor A,Duan Shengkai.Correlation between sandstone permeability and capillary pressure curves[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2004,43(2):239-246.
[18]肖忠祥,肖亮,张伟.利用毛管压力曲线计算砂岩渗透率的新方法[J].石油物探,2008,47(2):204-207.Xiao Zhongxiang,Xiao Liang,Zhang Wei.A new method for calculating sandstone permeability by using capillary pressure curves[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(2):204-207.
[19]廖明光,李仕伦,谈德辉.根据压汞曲线估算储集层渗透率的模型[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(6):503-505.Liao Mingguang,Li Shilun,Tan Dehui.Establishment of permeability estimation model for reservoir rocks based on mercury injection curve[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(6):503-505.
[20]廖明光,李士伦,付晓文,等.储层岩石渗透率估算模型的建立[J].天然气工业,2001,21(4):45-48.Liao Mingguang,Li Shilun,Fu Xiaowen,et al.Establishment of reservoir rock permeability estimating model[J].Natural Gas Industry,2001,21(4):45-48.
[21]Kolodzie S J.Analysis of pore throat size and use of the Waxman-Smits equation to determine OOIP in Spindle Field,Calorado[C].Texas:SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,1980.
[22]Katz A J,Thompson A H.Quantitative prediction of permeability in porous rock[J].Physical Review B,1986,34(11):8 179-
[23]Pittman E D.Relationship of porosity and permeability to various parameters derived from mercury injection capillary pressure curves for sandstone[J].AAPG Bulletin,1992,76(2):191-198.
[24]Warren E A,Pulham A J.Anomalous porosity and permeability preservation in deeply buried Tertiary and Mesozoic sandstones in the Cusiana Field,Llanos Foothills,Colombia:Discussion[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2002,72(3):2-14.
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