冲击载荷下地震救援头盔变形和吸能效果研究
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摘要
为获得地震救援头盔在冲击载荷作用下的破坏情况,以地震救援队伍广泛使用的MSA F2头盔为原型,通过CT扫描、逆向反演建模获得高精度有限元模型;分析地震废墟内部坠物、磕碰造成的冲击力,设计冲击测试方案,对地震救援头盔不同位置进行仿真受力,对冲击向量不同因素致损性对比可见速度处于主要地位;地震救援头盔可吸收70%的冲击能力,但不同位置的变形和吸能效果变化较大。
In order to observe the effects of earthquake helmet under impact loads,the MSA F2 helmet which had been widely used by earthquake rescue teams was taken as an example whose finite element model was obtained through CT scan and reverse construction. Based on some other industry standard and analyzation of forces generated by falling objects and bumps in earthquake ruins,the impact test scheme was designed and the simulation was undertaken on the front,rear,side location with the scheme. The impact velocity is the primary factor related to brain stress and brain injury. The earthquake helmet can absorb more than 70% of the impact energy,but the deformation and absorption coefficient varies tremendously under different impacts with the front,rear,and side locations.
In order to observe the effects of earthquake helmet under impact loads,the MSA F2 helmet which had been widely used by earthquake rescue teams was taken as an example whose finite element model was obtained through CT scan and reverse construction. Based on some other industry standard and analyzation of forces generated by falling objects and bumps in earthquake ruins,the impact test scheme was designed and the simulation was undertaken on the front,rear,side location with the scheme. The impact velocity is the primary factor related to brain stress and brain injury. The earthquake helmet can absorb more than 70% of the impact energy,but the deformation and absorption coefficient varies tremendously under different impacts with the front,rear,and side locations.
引文
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[15] Karimi A,Razaghi R,Navidbakhsh M,et al. Dynamic finite element simulation of the gunshot injury to the human forehead protected by polyvinyl alcohol sponge[J]. Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Medicine,2016,27(4):74-80.
[16] TAN L B,TSE K M,LEE H P,et al. Performance of an advanced combat helmet with different interior cushioning systems in ballistic impact:Experiments and finite element simulations[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2012,50:99-112.
[17] Goetz J C,MatouK. Shock analysis and optimization of twolayered cellular materials subject to pulse loading[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2013,57:55-69.
[18] TENG T L,LIANG C C,Nguyen V H. Assessment of a bicycle helmet liner with semispherical cones[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part L:Journal of Materials:Design and Applications,2016,230(1):344-352.
[19]冯志杰,周昊,陈联云.某型头盔气动特性及高速气流吹袭数据测试采集点的数值仿真分析[C]//中国空气动力学会测控技术专委会第六届四次学术交流会论文集,襄阳:中国空气动力学会,2013:523-526.
[20]高晓清,黄献聪,周宏,等.防弹头盔防非贯穿性损伤性能测试技术研究[J].警察技术,2013(4):66-69.
[21]周宏,戴诗亮,安国旗.军用头盔“盔-头-颈”动力学模型及冲击响应计算[J].中国个体防护装备,2001(1):12-16.
[22]马皎皎,孙康,胡传平,等.基于啄木鸟头部特点的消防头盔抗冲击防护技术[J].消防科学与技术,2007,26(1):69-71.
[23]杨洪泽,李滨,李博.森林消防头盔的人机工程学分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2011(1):159-162.
[24] Kleiven S,Hardy W N. Correlation of an FE model of the human head with local brain motion-consequences for injury prediction[C]//SAE Conference Proceedings P. SAE; 1999,2002:123-144.
[25] Bilston L E. Brain Tissue Mechanical Properties[M]. Springer New York,2011:69-89.
[26] Kang H S,Willinger R,Diaw B M,et al. Validation of a 3D anatomic human head model and replication of head impact in motorcycle accident by finite element modeling[R]. No. 973339,Orlando,Florida,USA:SAE Technical Paper,1997.
[2] Benson B W,Hamilton G M,Meeuwisse W H,et al. Is protective equipment useful in preventing concussion? A systematic review of the literature[J]. British Journal of Sports Medicine,2009,43(S1):56-67.
[3] Daneshvar D H,Baugh C M,Nowinski C J,et al. Helmets and mouth guards:the role of personal equipment in preventing sportrelated concussions[J]. Clinics in Sports Medicine,2011,30(1):145-163.
[4] Bonfield C M,Shin S S,Kanter A S. Helmets,head injury and concussion in sport[J]. The Physician and Sportsmedicine,2015,43(3):236-246.
[5]田小甫,孙进忠,陈奇,等.汶川地震后四川省巴州县地质灾害特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(3):301-307.
[6]许强,黄润秋. 5. 12汶川地震诱发大型崩滑动力灾害特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.
[7] Lissner H R,Lebow M,Evans F G. Experimental studies on the relation between acceleration and intracranial pressure changes in man[J]. Surgery,Gynecology&Obstetrics,1960,111:329-339.
[8] Gadd C W. Use of a weighted-impulse criterion for estimating injury hazard[R]. No. 660793,New York,USA:SAE Technical Paper,1966.
[9] Mc Intosh A S,Lai A. Motorcycle helmets:head and neck dynamics in helmeted and unhelmeted oblique impacts[J]. Traffic Injury Prevention,2013,14(8):835-844.
[10] Mc Intosh A S,Patton D A,Fréchède B,et al. The biomechanics of concussion in unhelmeted football players in Australia:a casecontrol study[J]. BMJ Open,2014,4(5):5-78.
[11] Bowman T G,Breedlove K M,Breedlove E L,et al. Impact attenuation properties of new and used lacrosse helmets[J]. Journal of biomechanics,2015,48(14):3782-3787.
[12] Post A,Hoshizaki B,Gilchrist M D. Finite element analysis of the effect of loading curve shape on brain injury predictors[J]. Journal of biomechanics,2012,45(4):679-683.
[13] Grujicic A,La Berge M,Grujicic M,et al. Potential improvements in shock-mitigation efficacy of a polyurea-augmented advanced combat helmet[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2012,21(8):1562-1579.
[14] Darling T,Muthuswamy J,Rajan S D. Finite element modeling of human brain response to football helmet impacts[J]. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering,2016,19(13):1432-1442.
[15] Karimi A,Razaghi R,Navidbakhsh M,et al. Dynamic finite element simulation of the gunshot injury to the human forehead protected by polyvinyl alcohol sponge[J]. Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Medicine,2016,27(4):74-80.
[16] TAN L B,TSE K M,LEE H P,et al. Performance of an advanced combat helmet with different interior cushioning systems in ballistic impact:Experiments and finite element simulations[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2012,50:99-112.
[17] Goetz J C,MatouK. Shock analysis and optimization of twolayered cellular materials subject to pulse loading[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2013,57:55-69.
[18] TENG T L,LIANG C C,Nguyen V H. Assessment of a bicycle helmet liner with semispherical cones[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part L:Journal of Materials:Design and Applications,2016,230(1):344-352.
[19]冯志杰,周昊,陈联云.某型头盔气动特性及高速气流吹袭数据测试采集点的数值仿真分析[C]//中国空气动力学会测控技术专委会第六届四次学术交流会论文集,襄阳:中国空气动力学会,2013:523-526.
[20]高晓清,黄献聪,周宏,等.防弹头盔防非贯穿性损伤性能测试技术研究[J].警察技术,2013(4):66-69.
[21]周宏,戴诗亮,安国旗.军用头盔“盔-头-颈”动力学模型及冲击响应计算[J].中国个体防护装备,2001(1):12-16.
[22]马皎皎,孙康,胡传平,等.基于啄木鸟头部特点的消防头盔抗冲击防护技术[J].消防科学与技术,2007,26(1):69-71.
[23]杨洪泽,李滨,李博.森林消防头盔的人机工程学分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2011(1):159-162.
[24] Kleiven S,Hardy W N. Correlation of an FE model of the human head with local brain motion-consequences for injury prediction[C]//SAE Conference Proceedings P. SAE; 1999,2002:123-144.
[25] Bilston L E. Brain Tissue Mechanical Properties[M]. Springer New York,2011:69-89.
[26] Kang H S,Willinger R,Diaw B M,et al. Validation of a 3D anatomic human head model and replication of head impact in motorcycle accident by finite element modeling[R]. No. 973339,Orlando,Florida,USA:SAE Technical Paper,1997.
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