北京城市森林公园不同树种吸附大气颗粒物能力
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摘要
【目的】为了了解北京城市森林公园内不同树种对大气颗粒物的吸附能力,筛选出对大气颗粒物有较强吸附能力的绿化造林树种。【方法】选取奥林匹克森林公园内的10个树种,应用气溶胶再发生器测算单位叶面积对不同粒径颗粒物(TSP、PM10、PM2.5和PM1.0)的吸附量,并用扫描电镜获取各树种的叶片表面形态特征。【结果】不同树种单位叶面积对颗粒物的吸附能力存在显著差异,整体表现为针叶树种高于阔叶树种。其中对TSP的吸附能力较强的是油松和白杄,较小的是紫丁香和毛白杨;对PM10吸附能力较强的是白杄、油松,较小的是紫丁香和毛白杨;对PM2.5吸附能力较强的是白杄、油松,较小的是毛白杨和榆叶梅;对PM1.0吸附能力较强的是白杄、油松,较小的是毛白杨和榆叶梅。【结论】针叶树种中,叶表面存在深浅差异明显的细密沟壑以及密集的气孔、绒毛等更有利于叶片对颗粒物的吸附;反之叶表面较为平滑,无明显起伏,不利于吸附颗粒物。总体而言,叶表面具有大量沟槽、气孔的针叶树种较阔叶树种具有更高的吸附量和吸附能力。对大气颗粒物的吸附作用的绿化造林可以优先考虑针叶树种如白杄、油松等。研究结果为揭示不同树种吸附大气颗粒物的机理及合理选择公园绿化树种提供参考。
【Objective】The study aimed to understand the adsorption capacity of different tree species to atmospheric particulate matters in urban forest park of Beijing to select the afforestation tree species with high adsorption capacity.【Methods】Ten tree species including Pinus tabuliformis,Picea meyeri Rehd.et Wils,Juniperus formosana Hayata,Sophora japonica,Populus tomentosa,Fraxinus chinensis,Prunus Cerasifera,Amygdalus triloba,Malus micromalus,and Syringa oblata Lindl were chosen as study objects in the Olympic Forest Park.Using aerosol generator(QRJZFSQ-I)the adsorption amounts of TSP,PM10,PM2.5 and PM1.0 per unit leaf area were measured,and the leaf surface morphological characteristics were also analyzed by caning electron microscopy.【Results】The results showed that atmospheric particulate matter adsorption capacity of different tree species were different significantly,and the adsorption capacity of coniferous trees was higher than that of broad-leaf trees.For TSP,PM10,PM2.5 and PM1.0,P.tabuliformis and P.meyeri Rehd.et Wils presented the highest adsorption ca-pacity.The TSP and PM10 adsorption capacity of S.oblata Lindl and P.tomentosa were the lowest.For PM2.5 and PM1.0,P.tomentosa,P.Cerasiferaexhibited the lowest adsorption capacity.【Conclusion】The leaves covered with dense grooves,stomas,and epidermal hairs were beneficial for particulate matter adsorption.On the contrary,the smooth leaves adhered the fewer particulate matters.In summary,the coniferous trees whose leaves was of a large number of grooves and stomas presented higher adsorption capacity and adsorption amount than the broad-leaf trees.In consideration of the adsorption effect of particulate matter,the coniferous trees such as P.tabuliformis and P.meyeri Rehd.et Wils were preferred in afforestation.The results provide reference for revealing the adsorption mechanism of atmospheric particulate matters by different tree species and the rational selection of tree species in the park.
【Objective】The study aimed to understand the adsorption capacity of different tree species to atmospheric particulate matters in urban forest park of Beijing to select the afforestation tree species with high adsorption capacity.【Methods】Ten tree species including Pinus tabuliformis,Picea meyeri Rehd.et Wils,Juniperus formosana Hayata,Sophora japonica,Populus tomentosa,Fraxinus chinensis,Prunus Cerasifera,Amygdalus triloba,Malus micromalus,and Syringa oblata Lindl were chosen as study objects in the Olympic Forest Park.Using aerosol generator(QRJZFSQ-I)the adsorption amounts of TSP,PM10,PM2.5 and PM1.0 per unit leaf area were measured,and the leaf surface morphological characteristics were also analyzed by caning electron microscopy.【Results】The results showed that atmospheric particulate matter adsorption capacity of different tree species were different significantly,and the adsorption capacity of coniferous trees was higher than that of broad-leaf trees.For TSP,PM10,PM2.5 and PM1.0,P.tabuliformis and P.meyeri Rehd.et Wils presented the highest adsorption ca-pacity.The TSP and PM10 adsorption capacity of S.oblata Lindl and P.tomentosa were the lowest.For PM2.5 and PM1.0,P.tomentosa,P.Cerasiferaexhibited the lowest adsorption capacity.【Conclusion】The leaves covered with dense grooves,stomas,and epidermal hairs were beneficial for particulate matter adsorption.On the contrary,the smooth leaves adhered the fewer particulate matters.In summary,the coniferous trees whose leaves was of a large number of grooves and stomas presented higher adsorption capacity and adsorption amount than the broad-leaf trees.In consideration of the adsorption effect of particulate matter,the coniferous trees such as P.tabuliformis and P.meyeri Rehd.et Wils were preferred in afforestation.The results provide reference for revealing the adsorption mechanism of atmospheric particulate matters by different tree species and the rational selection of tree species in the park.
引文
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[3]尹洧.大气颗粒物与人体健康[J].现代科学仪器,2016,12(6):42-47
[4]北京市环保局.2016年北京市环境状况公报[R].北京:北京市环境保护局,2017
[5]夏尚光,杨书运,严平.城市森林与城市环境[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2017
[6]房瑶瑶,王兵,牛香.陕西省关中地区主要造林树种大气颗粒物滞纳特征[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(6):1516-1522
[7]张志丹,席本野,曹治国,等.植物叶片吸滞PM2.5等大气颗粒物定量研究方法初探—以毛白杨为例[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(8):2238-2242
[8]王蕾,高尚玉,刘连友,等.北京市11种园林植物滞留大气颗粒物能力研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(4):597-601
[9]谢滨泽,王会霞,杨佳,等.北京常见阔叶绿化植物滞留PM2.5能力与叶面微结构的关系[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(12):2432-2438
[10]张维康,王兵,牛香.北京不同污染地区园林植物对空气颗粒物的滞纳能力[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2381-2388
[11]李少宁,刘斌,鲁笑颖,等.北京常见绿化树种叶表面形态与PM2.5吸滞能力关系[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(10):62-68
[12]刘斌,鲁绍伟,李少宁,等.北京大兴6种常见绿化树种吸附PM2.5能力研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(2):31-37
[13]赵云阁,鲁笑颖,鲁绍伟,等.北京市常见绿化树种叶片秋季滞纳不同粒径颗粒物能力[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(1):35-42
[14]Hwang H J,Yook S J,Ahn K H.Experimental investigation of submicron and ultrafine soot particle removal by tree leaves[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(38):6987-6994
[15]王会霞,石辉,李秧秧.城市绿化植物叶片表面特征对滞尘能力的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(12):3077-3082
[16]杨佳,王会霞,谢滨泽,等.北京9个树种叶片滞尘量及叶面微形态解释[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(3):384-392