权衡城市扩张与永久基本农田保护的城市增长边界划定——以武汉市为例
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摘要
城市增长边界划定是优化城市空间结构和管理格局、增强城市综合承载力的有力手段。然而,由于城市周边的耕地质量较高,城市增长边界与永久基本农田保护在空间上存在显著的冲突。已有的城市增长边界划定研究大多忽略了城市扩张与永久基本农田保护的冲突,不利于城市周边优质耕地的保护。针对这一问题,该文利用土地系统模拟与优化模型(LANDSCAPE),以武汉市为例,开展了权衡城市扩张与永久基本农田保护的城市增长边界划定研究。结果表明:LANDSCAPE模型在城市增长边界划定过程中能够权衡城市扩张与永久基本农田保护,既能满足城市增长的需求,又有效避让了城市周边的优质耕地和重要生态用地,实现了城市扩张与永久基本农田保护的空间协调;该文提出的城市增长边界划定方法可以为快速城市化地区合理划定城市增长边界、实现区域土地资源的合理有效利用提供方法支撑。建议相关部门应同步划定城市增长边界与永久基本农田边界;同时在城市扩张与耕地保护冲突激烈区域设置耕地保护弹性区,并在该弹性区权衡城市扩张与优质耕地保护。
Demarcation of urban growth boundary(UGB) is a powerful means to optimize urban spatial structure and management pattern and enhance the urban comprehensive carrying capacity.However,due to the high quality of cultivated land around the city,there is a significant spatial conflict between the urban growth boundary and permanent basic farmland reserve.The existing delineation of the urban growth boundary mostly neglects the conflict between urban expansion and permanent basic farmland protection,which is not conducive to the protection of high-quality cultivated land around the city.In order to solve this problem,this paper uses land system cellular automata model for potential effects(LANDSCAPE) to study the demarcation of urban growth boundary,which weighs the urban expansion and permanent basic farmland protection in Wuhan.The results show that:1) The LANDSCAPE model can realize the weigh between urban expansion and permanent basic farmland protection in the process of UGB delineation;2)The UGBs demarcated by balancing urban expansion and permanent basic farmland protection can not only meet the demand of urban growth but also effectively avoid the high-quality farmland and important ecological land around the city,and realize the space coordination between urban expansion and permanent basic farmland protection.3)The method of delimiting the urban growth boundary which is proposed in this paper can provide methodological support for rationally delimiting urban growth boundary and realizing the rational and effective use of regional land resources in rapid urbanization areas.According to the result,several suggestions were put forward:First,the planning department should demarcate UGBs and permanent basic farmland boundary simultaneously.Besides,the farmland protection elastic zone should be set up inside these areas,where urban expansion and farmland protection conflicts.And the urban expansion and high-quality farmland protection should be weighed in the elastic zone.
Demarcation of urban growth boundary(UGB) is a powerful means to optimize urban spatial structure and management pattern and enhance the urban comprehensive carrying capacity.However,due to the high quality of cultivated land around the city,there is a significant spatial conflict between the urban growth boundary and permanent basic farmland reserve.The existing delineation of the urban growth boundary mostly neglects the conflict between urban expansion and permanent basic farmland protection,which is not conducive to the protection of high-quality cultivated land around the city.In order to solve this problem,this paper uses land system cellular automata model for potential effects(LANDSCAPE) to study the demarcation of urban growth boundary,which weighs the urban expansion and permanent basic farmland protection in Wuhan.The results show that:1) The LANDSCAPE model can realize the weigh between urban expansion and permanent basic farmland protection in the process of UGB delineation;2)The UGBs demarcated by balancing urban expansion and permanent basic farmland protection can not only meet the demand of urban growth but also effectively avoid the high-quality farmland and important ecological land around the city,and realize the space coordination between urban expansion and permanent basic farmland protection.3)The method of delimiting the urban growth boundary which is proposed in this paper can provide methodological support for rationally delimiting urban growth boundary and realizing the rational and effective use of regional land resources in rapid urbanization areas.According to the result,several suggestions were put forward:First,the planning department should demarcate UGBs and permanent basic farmland boundary simultaneously.Besides,the farmland protection elastic zone should be set up inside these areas,where urban expansion and farmland protection conflicts.And the urban expansion and high-quality farmland protection should be weighed in the elastic zone.
引文
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[28] 柯新利,郑伟伟,杨柏寒.权衡城市扩张、耕地保护与生态保育的土地利用布局优化——以武汉市为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(5):9-13.
[29] KE X L,QI L Y,ZENG C.A partitioned and asynchronous cellular automata model for urban growth simulation[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Systems,2015,30(4):637-659.
[30] LIANG X,LIU X P,LI X,et al.Delineating multi-scenario urban growth boundaries with a CA-based FLUS model and morphological method[J].Landscape & Urban Planning,2018,177:47-63.
[31] VISSER H,NIJS T D.The map comparison kit[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2006,21(3):346-358.
[2] 任君,刘学录,岳健鹰,等.基于MCE-CA模型的嘉峪关市城市开发边界划定研究[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(5):1111-1119.
[3] FREY M.Urban growth boundary[DB/OL].http://conservationtools.org/guides/show/48.S.2009-12-30.
[4] METRO.The nature of 2040:The region′s 50-year plan for managing growth[DB/OL].http://www.oregonmetro.gov/index.cfm/go/by.web/id=29882.2000-12-30.
[5] 王颖,顾朝林,李晓江.中外城市增长边界研究进展[J].国际城市规划,2014,29(4):1-11.
[6] 李咏华.基于GIA设定城市增长边界的模型研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[7] 谢中凯.基于多智能体的城市空间增长模型研究[D].南京:南京大学,2015.
[8] 朱寿红,舒帮荣,马晓冬,等.基于“反规划”理念及FLUS模型的城镇用地增长边界划定研究——以徐州市贾汪区为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(5):80-86.
[9] 陈伟强,潘元庆,马月红,等.基于约束性CA模型的城市开发边界划定方法[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(4):278-284.
[10] 汪贝,张金亭.基于约束性CA的“三规”空间管制整合引导下的城市增长模拟[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(5):69-74.
[11] 吴长江,裴凤松,周义,等.“反规划”视角下城市增长边界划定研究——以徐州市中心城区为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(5):92-98.
[12] 胡飞,何灵聪,杨昔.规土合一、三线统筹、划管结合——武汉城市开发边界划定实践[J].规划师,2016,32(6):31-37.
[13] 张焱,徐蔚奕,王波,等.基于“多规合一”的城镇开发边界划定方法探析——以常熟市辛庄镇为例[J].国土资源科技管理,2017,34(5):96-103.
[14] 张勤,华芳,王沈玉.杭州城市开发边界划定与实施研究[J].城市规划学刊,2016(1):28-36.
[15] KE X L,ZHENG W W,ZHOU T,et al.A CA-based land system change model:LANDSCAPE[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2017,31(9):1798-1817.
[16] 湖北省统计局.2017年湖北省统计年鉴[DB/OL].http://www.stats-hb.gov.cn/.2018-12-30.
[17] 中华人民共和国住房和城市建设部.2016年中国城市建设统计年鉴[DB/OL].http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/index.html.2017-12-30.
[18] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴-2017[DB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2017/indexch.htm.2018-12-30.
[19] BERRY P A M,GARLICK J D,SMITH R G.Near-global validation of the SRTM DEM using satellite radar altimetry[J].Toxicon,2007,106 (1):17-27.
[20] 贾振,韩印.基于百度地图API的智能交通信息展示[J].物流工程与管理,2016,38(7):211-213.
[21] LIU X P,LI X,SHI X,et al.Simulating land-use dynamics under planning policies by integrating artificial immune systems with cellular automata[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2010,24(5):783-802.
[22] KE X L,VLIET J V,ZHOU T,et al.Direct and indirect loss of natural habitat due to built-up area expansion:A model-based analysis for the city of Wuhan,China[J].Land Use Policy,2018,74:231-239.
[23] SONG W,DENG X Z.Land-use/land-cover change and ecosystem service provision in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,576:705-719.
[24] FISCHER G,SHAH M,VAN VELTHUIZEN H,et al.Global agro-ecological assessment for agriculture in the 21st century:Methodology and results[J].Journal of Henan Vocation-technical Teachers College,2002,11(8):371-374.
[25] VERBURG P H,OVERMSRS K P,MILINE E,et al.Combining top-down and bottom-up dynamics in land use modeling:Exploring the future of abandoned farmlands in Europe with the Dyna-CLUE model[J].Landscape Ecology,2009,24(9):1167.
[26] 武汉市国土资源与规划局.武汉市土地利用总体规划(2006-2020)[DB/OL].http://www.wpl.gov.cn/pc-871-78165.html.2015-12-30.
[27] 湖北省人民政府.武汉市城市周边永久基本农田划定工作圆满完成[DB/OL].http://www.gtzyb.com/difanglianbo/20160812_99078.shtml.2016-12-30.
[28] 柯新利,郑伟伟,杨柏寒.权衡城市扩张、耕地保护与生态保育的土地利用布局优化——以武汉市为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(5):9-13.
[29] KE X L,QI L Y,ZENG C.A partitioned and asynchronous cellular automata model for urban growth simulation[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Systems,2015,30(4):637-659.
[30] LIANG X,LIU X P,LI X,et al.Delineating multi-scenario urban growth boundaries with a CA-based FLUS model and morphological method[J].Landscape & Urban Planning,2018,177:47-63.
[31] VISSER H,NIJS T D.The map comparison kit[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2006,21(3):346-358.