花桥典型地块景观格局及植被群落结构指数评价与制图研究
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摘要
自然过程是规划过程的重要维度。与中国法定规划体系相衔接的生态单元分类、评价系统的构建,是生态研究与城乡规划之间的一座桥梁。选取昆山花桥为研究对象,以2010年Landsat遥感数据TM影像图为主要数据源。在城乡生态单元制图的基础上,从区域景观格局的宏观角度分析城市化、乡村以及城乡交错带三类典型地块的生态用地特征。研究表明:城市水体形态过于笔直、公园绿地分布过于集中,城乡交错带水体破碎化严重、人工景观呈集聚状的发展趋势,乡村地块水体受农业活动影响严重、农田景观应重点保护等。进而从微观角度进行植被群落结构指数评价,作为生态信息的重要补充。根据植被指数图谱可得花溪公园附近的植被群落结构指数较高,河道两侧的线性连续性整体尚佳,植被群落结构丰富,而道路两侧的植被较为单一等。旨在提供一种城市生态评价体系,从宏观到微观,从生态格局分析到植被群落结构评价,希望能更清晰的反映不同区域之间的生态价值差异,为城乡绿地系统规划提供生态基础性数据。
The natural process is an important dimension of the urban planning process. Construction of the ecological unit classification and evaluation system which is in line with China 's statutory planning system is a bridge between ecological research and rural-urban planning. The study selected Huaqiao as the research object based on the 2010 Landsat remote sensing data TM image. Based on the rural-urban ecological unit mapping,this paper analyzed the characteristics of ecological land of three typical plots in urbanization,countryside and ruralurban ecotone from the macro perspective of regional landscape pattern. The results indicates that urban water bodies are too straight and the distribution of park green space is too concentrated. Water fragmentation in ruralurban ecotone are serious and artificial landscape agglomeration is obvious. Water in rural areas is seriously affected by agricultural activities and farmland landscape should be focused on protection. Then this paper evaluated the vegetation community structure index from the micro perspective, as an important supplement to ecological information. According to the maps,the vegetation community structure index around Huaxi Park is higher. And the linear continuity on both sides of the river is overall good,being rich in vegetation community structure. But the vegetation on both sides of the road is relatively simple. This paper aims to provide a city ecological evaluation system from macro to micro scales and from the analysis of ecological pattern to the evaluation of vegetation community,and also to reflect more clearly the differences in ecological values between different regions,and provide ecological basic data for planning of rural-urban green space system.
The natural process is an important dimension of the urban planning process. Construction of the ecological unit classification and evaluation system which is in line with China 's statutory planning system is a bridge between ecological research and rural-urban planning. The study selected Huaqiao as the research object based on the 2010 Landsat remote sensing data TM image. Based on the rural-urban ecological unit mapping,this paper analyzed the characteristics of ecological land of three typical plots in urbanization,countryside and ruralurban ecotone from the macro perspective of regional landscape pattern. The results indicates that urban water bodies are too straight and the distribution of park green space is too concentrated. Water fragmentation in ruralurban ecotone are serious and artificial landscape agglomeration is obvious. Water in rural areas is seriously affected by agricultural activities and farmland landscape should be focused on protection. Then this paper evaluated the vegetation community structure index from the micro perspective, as an important supplement to ecological information. According to the maps,the vegetation community structure index around Huaxi Park is higher. And the linear continuity on both sides of the river is overall good,being rich in vegetation community structure. But the vegetation on both sides of the road is relatively simple. This paper aims to provide a city ecological evaluation system from macro to micro scales and from the analysis of ecological pattern to the evaluation of vegetation community,and also to reflect more clearly the differences in ecological values between different regions,and provide ecological basic data for planning of rural-urban green space system.
引文
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[16]张君.基于GIS与RS的城市生态单元制图与保护规划研究[D].陕西师范大学,2005.【ZHANG JUN.Research on Urban Ecological Unit Mapping and Protection Planning Based on GIS and RS[D].Shanxi Normal University,2005】
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[19]李克让,王绍强,曹明奎.中国植被和土壤碳贮量[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2003(01):72-80.【Li Kerang,Wang Shaoqiang,Cao Mingkui.Vegetation and Soil Carbon Storage in China[J].Science China(Earth Sciences),2003(01):72-80.】
[2]金春早.上海城乡交错带绿地景观格局研究——以上海市奉贤区为例[J].上海农业学报,2010(03):106-111.【JIN CHUNZAO.Study on the green space landscape patterns of Shanghai urban-rural cross-connecting areas-taking Fengxian District of Shanghai[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai.2010(03):106-111.】
[3]杨山,陈升.大城市城乡耦合地域空间演变及其景观格局——以无锡市为例[J].生态学报,2009(12):6482-6489.【YANG SHAN,CHEN SHENG.Analysis of landscape pattern and spatial evolution in the metropolitan urban-rural coupling regions:a case study of Wuxi City[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009(12):6482-6489.】
[4]张飞飞,田亦陈,尹锴,等.快速城市化对滨海城市景观格局演变的影响[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(S1):417-421.【ZHANG FEIFEI,TIAN YICHEN,YIN KAI.The Impact of Rapid Urbanization on the Evolution of Coastal Urban Landscape[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015(S1):417-421.】
[5]马强,魏宗财.基于RS/GIS的城市景观格局时空演变研究——以西安都市圈为例[J].规划师,2009(03):70-74.【MA QIANG,WEI ZONGCAI.Study on Spatio-temporal Change of Urban Landscape Pattern Based on RS/GIS:A Case Study of Xi’an Metropolitan Area in China[J].Planners,2009(03):70-74.】
[6]俞龙生,符以福,喻怀义,等.快速城市化地区景观格局梯度动态及其城乡融合区特征——以广州市番禺区为例[J].应用生态学报,2011(01):171-180.【YU LONGSHENG,FU YIFU,YU HUAIYI,LI ZHIQIN.Landscape pattern gradient dynamics and desakota features in rapid urbanization area:a case study in Panyu of Guangzhou[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011(01):171-180.】
[7]李莹莹,黄成林,张玉.快速城市化背景下上海绿色空间景观格局梯度及其多样性时空动态特征分析[J].生态环境学报,2016(07):1115-1124.【LI YINGYING,HUANG CHENGLIN,ZHANG YU.Green space landscape gradient and its spatial-temporal dynamic characteristics analysis in Shanghai in the background of rapid urbanization[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016(07):1115-1124.】
[8]陈利顶,李秀珍,傅伯杰,等.中国景观生态学发展历程与未来研究重点[J].生态学报,2014(12):3129-3141.【CHEN LIDING,LI XIUZHEN,FU BOJIE,et al.Development history and future research priorities of landscape ecology in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014(12):3129-3141.】
[9]黄宝荣,张慧智,王学志.城市扩张对北京市城乡结合部自然和农业景观的影响——以昌平区三镇为例[J].生态学报,2014(22):6756-6766.【HUANG BAORONG,ZHANG HUIZHI,WANG XUEZHI.The impact of the urban sprawl on natural and agricultural landscape at the urban-Rural interface of Beijing:Taking three towns of Changping District for example[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014(22):6756-6766.】
[10]龙宏,王纪武.基于空间途径的城市生态安全格局规划[J].城市规划学刊,2009(06):99-104.【LONG HONG,WANG JIWU.A Study on Space Method of Urban Pattern for Ecological Security[J].Urban Planning Forum,2009(06):99-104.】
[11]赵兵,韦薇,郭立乔等.城乡生态单元分类、评价与制图研究——以苏州市花桥镇为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015(11):1805-1812.【ZHAO BING,WEI WEI,GUO LIQIAO,et al.Study on the biotope mapping classification system in urban-rural:A case study on Hua qiao in Suzhou city[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015(11):1805-1812.】
[12]陈佑启.城乡交错带名辩[J].地理学与国土研究,1995(01):47-52.【CHEN YOUQI.Urban and rural ecotone[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science.1995(01):47-52.】
[13]邓红兵,陈春娣,刘昕,等.区域生态用地的概念及分类[J].生态学报,2009(03):1519-1524.【DENG HONGBING,CHEN CHUNDI,LIU XIN,et al.The concept and classification of regional ecological land use[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica.2009(03):1519-1524.】
[14]董哲仁.河流形态多样性与生物群落多样性[J].水利学报,2003(11):1-6.【DONG ZHEREN.Diversity of river morphology and diversity of bio-communities[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003(11):1-6.】
[15]潘琛,耿直,王琛.基于遥感技术的城市景观格局分析[J].黑龙江科技信息,2008(05):31-64.【PAN CHEN,GENG ZHI,WANG CHEN.Analysis of Urban Landscape Pattern Based on Remote Sensing Technology[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2008(05):31-64.】
[16]张君.基于GIS与RS的城市生态单元制图与保护规划研究[D].陕西师范大学,2005.【ZHANG JUN.Research on Urban Ecological Unit Mapping and Protection Planning Based on GIS and RS[D].Shanxi Normal University,2005】
[17]张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.【ZHANG JINTUN.Quantitative Ecology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.】
[18]傅伯杰.景观生态学原理及应用[M].科学出版社,2001:202-207.【FU BOJIE,CHEN LIDING.Principles and Application of Landscape Ecology[M].Science Press,2001:202-207.】
[19]李克让,王绍强,曹明奎.中国植被和土壤碳贮量[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2003(01):72-80.【Li Kerang,Wang Shaoqiang,Cao Mingkui.Vegetation and Soil Carbon Storage in China[J].Science China(Earth Sciences),2003(01):72-80.】