改进的Capon2D Q值估计方法及其应用
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摘要
储层的衰减特性通常用品质因子Q来表征,Q值的准确提取对储层,特别是非常规气藏含气性的预测有重要意义。为此,引入Capon2D Q值估计新方法,对其求解过程进行了加权改进,并通过统计实验分别从准确性、稳定性角度对该方法的估计效果进行讨论。模型试算结果表明,与传统的谱比法相比,改进方法体现出对高频噪声不敏感,并且具有压制子波干涉的能力,从三维地震叠后资料中也可获得相对稳定和准确的Q值估计结果。将改进方法应用于四川盆地页岩储层沿层Q值估计,获得了稳定的估计结果,且表明低Q值区域与储层裂缝发育带具有良好一致性,因此可作为页岩储层含气性的标识。
The attenuation is an important indicator of reservoir lithology.It is usually measured by quality factor Q.The Qvalue extraction is of great significance for gas-bearing reservoir prediction.In this paper,we propose a new Q value estimation with introduced Capon2 D,which means an improvement with a weighting.The accuracy and stability of the proposed method are tested by statistical experiments.Based on model experiments,the proposed method has better robustness to high-frequency noise,and stronger ability to suppress the wavelet interference than conventional spectral ratio methods.For real data tests,a relatively stable and accurate Q value estimation is obtained from3 D seismic poststack data.Finally,the proposed method is applied to the reservoir Qvalue estimation in the shale exploration in Sichuan Basin.The estimated high-Q zone matches very well with the reservoir fracture-zone,which proves that this estimation may be used as an indicator for gas bearing in shale reservoirs.
The attenuation is an important indicator of reservoir lithology.It is usually measured by quality factor Q.The Qvalue extraction is of great significance for gas-bearing reservoir prediction.In this paper,we propose a new Q value estimation with introduced Capon2 D,which means an improvement with a weighting.The accuracy and stability of the proposed method are tested by statistical experiments.Based on model experiments,the proposed method has better robustness to high-frequency noise,and stronger ability to suppress the wavelet interference than conventional spectral ratio methods.For real data tests,a relatively stable and accurate Q value estimation is obtained from3 D seismic poststack data.Finally,the proposed method is applied to the reservoir Qvalue estimation in the shale exploration in Sichuan Basin.The estimated high-Q zone matches very well with the reservoir fracture-zone,which proves that this estimation may be used as an indicator for gas bearing in shale reservoirs.
引文
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[14] 李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898.LI Hongbing,ZHAO Wenzhi,CAO Hong,et al.Characteristics of seismic attenuation of gas reservoirs in wavelet domain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):892-898.
[15] 张固澜,熊晓军,容娇君,等.基于改进的广义S变换的地层吸收衰减补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):512-515.ZHANG Gulan,XIONG Xiaojun,RONG Jiaojun,et al.Stratum absorption and attenuation conpensation based on improved generalized S-transform[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(4):512-515.
[16] White R E.The accuracy of estimating Q from seismic data[J].Geophysics,1992,57(11):1508-1511.
[17] Zhang C J,Ulrych T J.Estimation of quality factors from CMP records[J].Geophysics,2002,67(5):1542-1547.
[18] Stoica P,Sundin T.Nonparametric NMR spectroscopy[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2001,152(1):57-69.
[19] Ricker N.The form and laws of propagation of seismic wavelet[J].Geophysics,1953,18(10):10-40.
[20] 郭锐,林鹤,余刚,等.地震资料自适应高分辨率处理方法定量研究[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(9):3587-3600.GUO Rui,LIN He,YU Gang,et al.Quantitative stu-dy of adaptive high resolution seismic data processing method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(9):3587-3600.
[2] Wang Y H.Q analysis on reflection seismic data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(L17606):1-4.
[3] Wang Y H.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):657-663.
[4] Wang Y H.Inverse Q -filter for seismic resolution enhancement[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):V51-V60.
[5] Wang Y H.Inverse-Q filtered migration[J].Geophy-sics,2008,73(1):S1-S6.
[6] Best A I,McCann C,and Sothcott J.The relationships between the velocities,attenuations,and petrophysical properties of reservoir sedimentary rocks[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1994,42(2):151-178.
[7] Winkler K W,Nur A.Seismic attenuation:Effects of pore fluids and frictional sliding[J].Geophysics,1982,47(1):1-15.
[8] Kjartansson E.Constant Q -wave propagation and at-tenuation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1979,84(B9):4737-4748.
[9] 宫同举,孙成禹,彭洪超,等.几种提取品质因子方法的对比分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(4):252-256.GONG Tongju,SUN Chengyu,PENG Hongchao,et al.Comparison of several computational methods of quality factor[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(4):252-256.
[10] Tonn R.The determination of seismic quality factor Q from VSP data: A comparison of different computational methods[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39(1):1-27.
[11] Dasgupta R,Clark R A.Estimation of Q from surface seismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120-2128.
[12] Quan Y L,Jerry H M.Seismic attenuation tomo-graphy using the frequency shift method[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):895-905.
[13] 高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1198-1209.GAO Jinghuai,YANG Senlin.On the method of quality factors estimation from zero-offset VSP data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4):1198-1209.
[14] 李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898.LI Hongbing,ZHAO Wenzhi,CAO Hong,et al.Characteristics of seismic attenuation of gas reservoirs in wavelet domain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):892-898.
[15] 张固澜,熊晓军,容娇君,等.基于改进的广义S变换的地层吸收衰减补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):512-515.ZHANG Gulan,XIONG Xiaojun,RONG Jiaojun,et al.Stratum absorption and attenuation conpensation based on improved generalized S-transform[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(4):512-515.
[16] White R E.The accuracy of estimating Q from seismic data[J].Geophysics,1992,57(11):1508-1511.
[17] Zhang C J,Ulrych T J.Estimation of quality factors from CMP records[J].Geophysics,2002,67(5):1542-1547.
[18] Stoica P,Sundin T.Nonparametric NMR spectroscopy[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2001,152(1):57-69.
[19] Ricker N.The form and laws of propagation of seismic wavelet[J].Geophysics,1953,18(10):10-40.
[20] 郭锐,林鹤,余刚,等.地震资料自适应高分辨率处理方法定量研究[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(9):3587-3600.GUO Rui,LIN He,YU Gang,et al.Quantitative stu-dy of adaptive high resolution seismic data processing method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(9):3587-3600.