跨走滑断层隧道地震破坏特征与抗减震措施研究
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摘要
针对跨走滑断层隧道设置套管式可变形抗减震措施开展了振动台模型试验研究。通过分析围岩与隧道结构的地震加速度响应、地震动应变响应以及隧道结构的震后破坏形态,以无抗减震措施和无断层为对比例,对在直立与倾斜走滑断层处设置的套管式可变形抗减震措施进行了系统研究。结果表明:隧道结构不跨断层时的破坏多由静力所致;无论隧道结构是否跨断层,即使采用抗减震措施,拱脚和仰拱的破坏均十分严重,应根据破坏机理对二者进行重点抗震加固;在实际工程中选用套管式可变形抗减震措施,宜将外套管设置在断层活动性较强的一侧,且让两套管共同承担断层的剪切作用能较好的发挥抗减震作用;在隧道结构选线阶段应尽量避免穿越断层或其他不良地质地段,保证隧道结构所在围岩介质的连续性,使隧道结构自身具备良好的抗震性能,胜过采用抗减震措施。研究结果有利于隧道结构新型抗减震措施的开发,以及为跨走滑断层隧道结构的抗震设防提供参考。
Shaking table tests are conducted to simulate casing-shape deformable damping measures on tunnel structures across strike-slip faults.Tunnel structures across vertical and diagonal strike-slip faults with casing-shape deformable damping measures are systematically researched by analyzing seismic acceleration responses of surrounding rock,seismic strain responses and post-seismic destructive patterns of tunnel structures.The results show that:Post-seismic destructive patterns of tunnel are mostly caused by static force when there is no fault through tunnel.The arch springing and invert part of tunnel are seriously damaged in all test conditions and they need to be reinforced according to failure mechanism.If casing-shape deformable damping measure is employed in practical engineering,outer casing should be buried in one side of fault with strong activity.It will achieve favorable effect that outer and inner casing can share shearing action of fault movement.Tunnel structures are born with certain a seismic performance if they are constructed in homogeneous surrounding rock and it will be better than using antiseismic and damping measures.Therefore,tunnel should avoid crossing fault and other unfavorable geology areas in tunnel location phase.The above research results certainly contribute to research and develop new types of anti-seismic and damping measures for tunnel structures.Meanwhile,the research results can provide references for seismic fortification of tunnel and underground structures across strike-slip faults as well.
Shaking table tests are conducted to simulate casing-shape deformable damping measures on tunnel structures across strike-slip faults.Tunnel structures across vertical and diagonal strike-slip faults with casing-shape deformable damping measures are systematically researched by analyzing seismic acceleration responses of surrounding rock,seismic strain responses and post-seismic destructive patterns of tunnel structures.The results show that:Post-seismic destructive patterns of tunnel are mostly caused by static force when there is no fault through tunnel.The arch springing and invert part of tunnel are seriously damaged in all test conditions and they need to be reinforced according to failure mechanism.If casing-shape deformable damping measure is employed in practical engineering,outer casing should be buried in one side of fault with strong activity.It will achieve favorable effect that outer and inner casing can share shearing action of fault movement.Tunnel structures are born with certain a seismic performance if they are constructed in homogeneous surrounding rock and it will be better than using antiseismic and damping measures.Therefore,tunnel should avoid crossing fault and other unfavorable geology areas in tunnel location phase.The above research results certainly contribute to research and develop new types of anti-seismic and damping measures for tunnel structures.Meanwhile,the research results can provide references for seismic fortification of tunnel and underground structures across strike-slip faults as well.
引文
[1]黄胜.高烈度地震下隧道破坏机制及抗震研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2010.HUANG Sheng.Research on failure mechanism and aseismic measures for underground engineering under high intensity earthquake[D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Science,2010.
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[8]耿萍,吴川,唐金良,等.穿越断层破碎带隧道动力响应特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(7):1406—1413.GENG Ping,WU Chuan,TANG Jinliang,et al.Analysis of dynamic response properties for tunnel through fault fracture zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(7):1406—1413.
[9]徐华,李天斌,王栋,等.山岭隧道地震动力响应规律的三维振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(9):1762—1771.XU Hua,LI Tianbin,WANG Dong,et al.Study of seismic responses of mountain tunnels with 3Dshaking table model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(9):1762—1771.
[10]MORADI M,ROJHANI M,GALANDARZADEH A,et al.Centrifuge modeling of buried continuous pipelines subjected to normal faulting[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,12(1):155—164.
[11]崔光耀,王明年,于丽,等.穿越黏滑错动断层隧道减震层减震技术模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(9):1753—1758.CUI Guang-yao,WANG Ming-nian,YU Li,et al.Model tests on damping shake technology of shock absorption layer of tunnels crossing stick-slip faults[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(9):1753—1758.
[12]崔光耀.隧道洞口浅埋段和断裂粘滑段抗震设计计算方法及试验研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.CUI Guangyao.The seismic design calculation method and test study of tunnel shallow-buried portal and rupture stick-slipping section[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.
[13]夏才初,李永盛.地下工程测试理论与监测技术[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999.XIA Caichu,LI Yongsheng.Testing Theories and Monitoring Technology for Underground Engineering[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1999.
[14]郑永来,杨林德,李文艺,等.地下结构抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2005.ZHENG Yonglai,YANG Linde,LI Wenyi,et al.Earthquake-Resistance of Underground Structures[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2005.
[15]关宝树.隧道力学概论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1993.GUAN Baoshu.General Theory of Tunnel Mechanics[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1993.
[16]王峥峥,高波,索然绪.双洞隧道洞口段抗减震振动台试验[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(2):71—76.WANG Zhengzheng,GAO Bo,SUO Ranxu.Shaking table tests on entrance anti-seism of double track tunnels[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2009,22(2):71—76.
[2]王峥峥.跨断层隧道结构非线性地震损伤反应分析[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009.WANG Zhengzheng.Nonlinear seismic damage response of tunnel structure across fault[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009.
[3]WANG ZHENGZHENG,GAO BO,JIANG YUANJUN,et al.Investigation and assessment on mountain tunnels and geotechnical damage after the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences,2009,52(2):546—558.
[4]耿萍.铁路隧道抗震计算方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011.GENG Ping.Research on the seismic calculation method of railway tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2011.
[5]高波,王峥峥,袁松,等.汶川地震公路隧道震害启示[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):336—342.GAO Bo,WANG Zhengzheng,YUAN Song,et al.Lessons learnt from damage of highway tunnels in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(3):336—342.
[6]LI TIANBIN.Damage to mountain tunnels related to the Wenchuan earthquake and some suggestions for aseismic tunnel construction[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2012,71(2):297—308.
[7]钱七虎,何川,晏启祥.隧道工程动力响应特性与汶川地震隧道震害分析及启示[C].汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究,2009:608—618.QIAN Qihu,HE Chuan,YAN Qixiang.Dynamic response characteristics of tunnel engineering and analysis on lessons of tunnels seismic damage in Wenchuan earthquake[C].Analysis and Study on Investigation of Engineering Seismic Damage in Wenchuan Great Earthquake,2009:608—618.
[8]耿萍,吴川,唐金良,等.穿越断层破碎带隧道动力响应特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(7):1406—1413.GENG Ping,WU Chuan,TANG Jinliang,et al.Analysis of dynamic response properties for tunnel through fault fracture zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(7):1406—1413.
[9]徐华,李天斌,王栋,等.山岭隧道地震动力响应规律的三维振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(9):1762—1771.XU Hua,LI Tianbin,WANG Dong,et al.Study of seismic responses of mountain tunnels with 3Dshaking table model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(9):1762—1771.
[10]MORADI M,ROJHANI M,GALANDARZADEH A,et al.Centrifuge modeling of buried continuous pipelines subjected to normal faulting[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,12(1):155—164.
[11]崔光耀,王明年,于丽,等.穿越黏滑错动断层隧道减震层减震技术模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(9):1753—1758.CUI Guang-yao,WANG Ming-nian,YU Li,et al.Model tests on damping shake technology of shock absorption layer of tunnels crossing stick-slip faults[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(9):1753—1758.
[12]崔光耀.隧道洞口浅埋段和断裂粘滑段抗震设计计算方法及试验研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.CUI Guangyao.The seismic design calculation method and test study of tunnel shallow-buried portal and rupture stick-slipping section[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.
[13]夏才初,李永盛.地下工程测试理论与监测技术[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999.XIA Caichu,LI Yongsheng.Testing Theories and Monitoring Technology for Underground Engineering[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1999.
[14]郑永来,杨林德,李文艺,等.地下结构抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2005.ZHENG Yonglai,YANG Linde,LI Wenyi,et al.Earthquake-Resistance of Underground Structures[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2005.
[15]关宝树.隧道力学概论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1993.GUAN Baoshu.General Theory of Tunnel Mechanics[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1993.
[16]王峥峥,高波,索然绪.双洞隧道洞口段抗减震振动台试验[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(2):71—76.WANG Zhengzheng,GAO Bo,SUO Ranxu.Shaking table tests on entrance anti-seism of double track tunnels[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2009,22(2):71—76.