调水调沙工程对黄河尾闾河道碎屑矿物组成特征的影响
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摘要
碎屑矿物在判别沉积物来源以及沉积环境变化等方面具有重要意义。基于对2013年汛前与汛后采集的黄河尾闾河道表层沉积物样品的鉴定,探讨了调水调沙工程实施导致的水动力变化对碎屑矿物组成特征的影响。结果表明,汛前或汛后黄河尾闾河道表层沉积物中共鉴定出重矿物31种,轻矿物11种。尾闾河道沉积物整体以轻矿物为主,占比达99%以上。重矿物优势矿种共8种,分别为普通角闪石、绿帘石、褐铁矿、阳起石、水黑云母、石榴子石、榍石和碳酸盐,其中普通角闪石占比高达29.98%,是主要标志性重矿物;轻矿物优势矿种共3种,分别为石英、斜长石及钾长石,其中石英占比高达59.75%,是主要优势矿种,并可用于确定物源。比较而言,汛后8种重矿物含量之和比汛前增加3.7%,尤其是普通角闪石,其在汛后占比较汛前增加8.62%。与之不同,轻矿物含量在汛前与汛后差异不大,但沿程变化明显。研究发现,尽管调水调沙工程在改变尾闾河道水动力的同时并未使其轻矿物组分发生明显改变,但其导致的重矿物沉积分异却较为明显。
Detrital mineral has great significances in determining the sources of sediment and the variations of sedimentary environment.Based on the identification of surface sediments sampled in tail channel of the Yellow River at pre-flood season and post-flood season in 2013,this paper discussed the impacts of hydroynamic condition variations caused by the Flow-sediment Regulation Project(FSRP)on the composition of detrital mineral in sediments.Results showed that,whether at pre-flood season or at post-flood season,31 kinds of clastic heavy minerals and 11 kinds of clastic light minerals were identified in sediments of the tail channel.Light mineral was dominated in sediments and its contents at pre-flood season and post-flood season all exceeded 99%.The dominated minerals of clastic heavy minerals in sediments included 8 kinds:normal angle hornblende,epidote,limonite,actinolite,black mica,garnet,sphene and water carbonate.And among them,the percent of ordinary angle amphibole was the highest and the value reached 29.98%.The dominated minerals of clastic light minerals included 3 kinds:quartz,plagioclase and potassium feldspar.And the percent of quartz was the highest(59.75%)which could be used to determine the sources of sediments.Compared to pre-flood season,the percent of 8 kinds of clastic heavy minerals was increased by 3.7%(particularly for ordinary angle amphibole which increased by 8.62%).In contrast,no obvious variation of clastic light minerals was observed between pre-flood season and post-flood season.This study found that although the FSRP significantly altered the hydrodynamic conditions of tail channel,it produced no obvious influence on the composition of clastic light minerals.By comparison,the sedimentary differentiation of clastic heavy minerals in sediments was greatly altered by the FSRP.
Detrital mineral has great significances in determining the sources of sediment and the variations of sedimentary environment.Based on the identification of surface sediments sampled in tail channel of the Yellow River at pre-flood season and post-flood season in 2013,this paper discussed the impacts of hydroynamic condition variations caused by the Flow-sediment Regulation Project(FSRP)on the composition of detrital mineral in sediments.Results showed that,whether at pre-flood season or at post-flood season,31 kinds of clastic heavy minerals and 11 kinds of clastic light minerals were identified in sediments of the tail channel.Light mineral was dominated in sediments and its contents at pre-flood season and post-flood season all exceeded 99%.The dominated minerals of clastic heavy minerals in sediments included 8 kinds:normal angle hornblende,epidote,limonite,actinolite,black mica,garnet,sphene and water carbonate.And among them,the percent of ordinary angle amphibole was the highest and the value reached 29.98%.The dominated minerals of clastic light minerals included 3 kinds:quartz,plagioclase and potassium feldspar.And the percent of quartz was the highest(59.75%)which could be used to determine the sources of sediments.Compared to pre-flood season,the percent of 8 kinds of clastic heavy minerals was increased by 3.7%(particularly for ordinary angle amphibole which increased by 8.62%).In contrast,no obvious variation of clastic light minerals was observed between pre-flood season and post-flood season.This study found that although the FSRP significantly altered the hydrodynamic conditions of tail channel,it produced no obvious influence on the composition of clastic light minerals.By comparison,the sedimentary differentiation of clastic heavy minerals in sediments was greatly altered by the FSRP.
引文
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[18] Frihy O E,Lotfy M F,Komar P D.Spatial variations in heavy minerals and patterns of sediment sorting along the Nile Delta,Egypt[J].Sedimentary Geology,1995,97:22 41.
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[20]胡春宏.黄河水沙过程变异及河道的复杂响应[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[2]王伟,衣华鹏,孙志高,等.调水调沙工程实施10年来黄河尾闾河道及近岸水下岸坡变化特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(10):86 92.
[3]宋振杰,毕乃双,吴晓,等.2010年黄河调水调沙期间河口泥沙输运过程的数值模拟[J].海洋湖沼通报,2018(1):34 45.
[4]孙白云.黄河、长江和珠江三角洲沉积物中碎屑矿物的组合特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1990,10(3):23 34.
[5]林晓彤,李巍然,时振波.黄河物源碎屑沉积物的重矿物特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(3):17 21.
[6] Sevastjanova I,Hall R,Alderton D.A detrital heavy mineral viewpoint on sediment provenance and tropical weathering in SE Asia[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,280:179 194.
[7]王昆山,金秉福,石法学,等.杭州湾表层沉积物碎屑矿物分布及物质来源[J].海洋科学进展,2013,31(1):95 104.
[8]任鹏,孙志高,赵全升,等.龙口湾表层沉积物碎屑矿物分布特征及影响因素[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2016,35(2):279 284.
[9]方建勇,陈坚,王爱军,等.台湾海峡表层沉积物的粒度和碎屑矿物分布特征[J].海洋学报,2012,34(5):91 99.
[10]祝贺,衣华鹏,孙志高,等.曹妃甸近岸及周边海区碎屑矿物组成特征及其环境意义[J].海洋科学,2016,40(8):76 82.
[11]林振宏,吕亚男,高学敏.冲绳海槽中部表层沉积物的重矿物分布和来源[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1996,26(3):361 368.
[12]王腊春,陈晓玲,储同庆.黄河、长江泥沙特性对比分析[J].地理研究,1997,16(4):71 79.
[13]王兆印,王文龙,田世民.黄河流域泥沙矿物成分与分布规律[J].泥沙研究,2007(5):1 8.
[14]王中波,杨守业,李日辉,等.黄河水系沉积物碎屑矿物组成及沉积动力环境约束[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(4):73 85.
[15] Zhang J,Huang W W,Shi M C.Huanghe(Yellow River)and its estuary:sediment origin,transport and deposition[J].Journal of Hydrology,1990,120:203 223.
[16]王留奇,姜在兴,马在平.黄河三角洲陆表沉积物矿物学特征及其成因[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1993,17(5):1 6.
[17]王小花,刘红军,贾永刚.黄河口粉质土矿物成分特征及对水动力条件响应的研究[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(5):30 35.
[18] Frihy O E,Lotfy M F,Komar P D.Spatial variations in heavy minerals and patterns of sediment sorting along the Nile Delta,Egypt[J].Sedimentary Geology,1995,97:22 41.
[19]吴保生,申冠卿.来沙系数物理意义的探讨[J].人民黄河,2008,30(4):15 16.
[20]胡春宏.黄河水沙过程变异及河道的复杂响应[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.