基于地质动力区划的近直立特厚煤层冲击地压危险性评价
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摘要
基于地质动力区划方法,确定了乌东煤矿冲击地压主要影响因素及其相互作用关系,对乌东井田发生冲击地压的地质动力环境进行了评价。乌东矿区位于博格达断裂带体系中,断裂带北缘处于强烈的压缩状态中,井田受构造活动的影响强烈。地质动力区划方法确定了断裂活动特征与井田构造形式,在分析了近直立特厚煤层原始应力的基础上,建立了近直立特厚煤层冲击地压的危险性评价方法,确定了乌东煤矿南采区冲击地压点主要发生在高应力区和应力梯度区。应用FLAC3D数值计算方法,确定了开采活动对乌东煤矿冲击地压的影响,并对冲击地压危险区域进行了划分与预测。研究表明,在构造应力的影响下,乌东井田围岩能够产生较大的压缩应变,积聚较高的弹性潜能,为冲击地压的发生提供了能量条件,开采活动使工作面所在煤体的弹性能更加接近由稳态向非稳态转变的临界,增大了冲击地压发生的危险性。在南采区的高应力区和应力梯度区应加强冲击地压监测和采取解危措施,避免冲击地压的发生。
The main influence factors and interaction relationship of rockburst in Wudong Coal Mine were identified by geo-dynamic method,and the geo-dynamic environment of Wudong Coal Mine was also evaluated. Northern of Bogda Fault zone is strongly compressed.Wudong mining area is located on Bogda Fault system,which is strongly influenced by tectonic activity.The characteristics of fault activities and structure form at Wudong Coal Mine were determined by geo-dynamic method respectively.The primary stress of suberect and extremely thick coal seam was analyzed,the risk assessment method of rockburst based on geo-dynamic division in suberect and extremely thick coal seam had been established,and the rockburst points in southern mining area at Wudong Coal Mine had been found by this method,which mainly occur in high stress area and stress gradient zone. At last,the relationship between mining effect and rockburst was built using FLAC3 D numerical method. Subsequently,the areas with rockburst risk were divided and forecasted.Research results show that large strain compression will appear in surrounding rock at Wudong minefield,and high elastic potential energy will be accumulated under the influence of structural stress,which will provide an energy foundation for rockburst.The value of elastic potential energy will increase and will be closer to the critical condition from steady-state to non-steady-state under the action of mining,thus the risk of rockburst will be increased.To avoid the occurrence of rockburst,some monitoring and rescue measures should be taken in advance in two high risk zones.
The main influence factors and interaction relationship of rockburst in Wudong Coal Mine were identified by geo-dynamic method,and the geo-dynamic environment of Wudong Coal Mine was also evaluated. Northern of Bogda Fault zone is strongly compressed.Wudong mining area is located on Bogda Fault system,which is strongly influenced by tectonic activity.The characteristics of fault activities and structure form at Wudong Coal Mine were determined by geo-dynamic method respectively.The primary stress of suberect and extremely thick coal seam was analyzed,the risk assessment method of rockburst based on geo-dynamic division in suberect and extremely thick coal seam had been established,and the rockburst points in southern mining area at Wudong Coal Mine had been found by this method,which mainly occur in high stress area and stress gradient zone. At last,the relationship between mining effect and rockburst was built using FLAC3 D numerical method. Subsequently,the areas with rockburst risk were divided and forecasted.Research results show that large strain compression will appear in surrounding rock at Wudong minefield,and high elastic potential energy will be accumulated under the influence of structural stress,which will provide an energy foundation for rockburst.The value of elastic potential energy will increase and will be closer to the critical condition from steady-state to non-steady-state under the action of mining,thus the risk of rockburst will be increased.To avoid the occurrence of rockburst,some monitoring and rescue measures should be taken in advance in two high risk zones.
引文
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[11]张宏伟.地质动力区划方法在煤与瓦斯突出区域预测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):621-624.Zhang Hongwei.Application of geo-dynamic division method in prediction of coal and gas outburst region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):621-624.
[12]兰天伟,苏广福,韩军,等.地质动力区划预测煤与瓦斯突出[J].中国安全科学学报,2010,20(3):46-50.Lan Tianwei,Su Guangfu,Han Jun,et al.Prediction of coal and gas outburst based on geo-dynamic division[J].China Safety Science Journal,2010,20(3):46-50.
[13]韩军,张宏伟.地质动力区划中断裂活动性的模糊综合评判[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2007,18(2):101-105.Han Jun,Zhang Hongwei.Fuzzy integrated estimation of fault activity in geology dynamic zoning[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2007,18(2):101-105.
[14]宋卫华,张宏伟.矿井煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测的模式识别研究[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(S):90-92.Song Weihua,Zhang Hongwei.Pattern recognition of coal and gas outburst fatalness prediction in mines[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2006,6(S):90-92.
[15]GB 50021—2001,岩土工程勘察规范[S].
[16]宋和平,沈军,向志勇,等.乌鲁木齐市活动断层探测与地震危险性评价[M].北京:地震出版社,2009.
[17]吕进国,潘立.微震预警冲击地压的时间序列方法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2002-2005.LüJinguo,Pan Li.Microseismic predicting coal bump by time series method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2002-2005.
[18]张书敬,姚建国,鞠文君.千秋煤矿冲击地压与微震活动关系[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(S1):7-12.Zhang Shujing,Yao Jianguo,Ju Wenjun.Relationship of rockburst and microseismic activity in Qianqiu Coal Mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(S1):7-12.
[19]赵毅鑫,姜耀东,王涛,等.“两硬”条件下冲击地压微震信号特征及前兆识别[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(12):1960-1966.Zhao Yixin,Jiang Yaodong,Wang Tao,et al.Features of microseismic events and precursors of rock burst inunderground coal mining with hard roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(12):1960-1966.
[20]李玉,黄梅,廖国华,等.冲击地压发生前微震活动时空变化的分形特征[J].北京科技大学学报,1995,17(1):10-13.Li Yu,Huang Mei,Liao Guohua,et al.Fractal character of the timespace change of microseismicity before coal outbursts or rockbursts[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,1995,17(1):10-13.
[21]郭晓强,窦林名,陆菜平,等.采动诱发断层活化的微震活动规律研究[J].煤矿安全,2011,42(1):26-30.Guo Xiaoqiang,Dou Linming,Lu Caiping,et al.Pressure relief deformation of the upper coal seam and evolution laws of permeability when drilling thin coal seam[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2011,42(1):26-30.
[22]袁瑞甫.深部矿井冲击-突出复合动力灾害的特点及防治技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(8):6-10.Yuan Ruifu.Features of dynamic disasters combined rockburst and gas outburst in deep coal mine and its preventive measures[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(8):6-10.
[23]张宏伟,荣海,韩军,等.基于应力及能量特征的岩芯饼化机理研究[J].应用力学学报,2014,31(4):512-517.Zhang Hongwei,Rong Hai,Han Jun,et al.Study on rock core discing mechanism based on stress and energy principle[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2014,31(4):512-517.
[24]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.Dou Linming,He Xueqiu.Prevention theory and technology of rockburst[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2001.
[2]窦林名,蔡武,巩思园,等.冲击危险性动态预测的震动波CT技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):238-244.Dou Linming,Cai Wu,Gong Siyuan,et al.Dynamic risk assessment of rock burst based on the technology of seismic computed tomography detection[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):238-244.
[3]齐庆新,李宏艳,潘俊锋,等.冲击矿压防治的应力控制理论与实践[J].煤矿开采,2011,16(3):114-118.Qi Qingxin,Li Hongyan,Pan Junfeng,et al.Stress control theory and practice of rock-burst prevention[J].Coal Mining Technology,2011,16(3):114-118.
[4]王书文,毛德兵,杜涛涛,等.基于地震CT技术的冲击地压危险性评价模型[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(S1):1-6.Wang Shuwen,Mao Debing,Du Taotao,et al.Rockburst hazard evaluation model based on seismic CT technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(S1):1-6.
[5]彭永伟,蓝航,王书文,等.基于地质条件的冲击危险性动态预评价体系[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):1997-2001.Peng Yongwei,Lan Hang,Wang Shuwen,et al.Dynamic prevaluation system of bursting hazard based on geological conditions[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):1997-2001.
[5]高峰,张志镇,高亚楠,等.基于盲数理论的冲击地压危险性评价模型[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(S):28-32.Gao Feng,Zhang Zhizhen,Gao Yanan,et al.Evaluation model of rockburst risk in mining based on blind data theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(S):28-32.
[6]纪洪广,王金安,蔡美峰.冲击地压事件物理特征与几何特征的相关性与统一性[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(1):31-26.Ji Hongguang,Wang Jin’an,Cai Meifeng.Relativity and unity of physical and geometrical characteristics of rockbursting events[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(1):31-26.
[7]李铁,王维,谢俊文,等.基于采动顶、底板岩层损伤的冲击地压预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(12):2438-2443.Li Tie,Wang Wei,Xie Junwen,et al.Rockburst prediction based on rock damage of roof and floor induced by mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(12):2438-2443.
[8]陶慧,马小平,乔美英.基于多变量混沌时间序列的冲击地压预测[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(10):1624-1629.Tao Hui,Ma Xiaoping,Qiao Meiying.Rockburst prediction on multivariate chaotic time series[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(10):1624-1629.
[9]王存文,姜福兴,孙庆国,等.基于覆岩空间结构理论的冲击地压预测技术及应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(2):150-155.Wang Cunwen,Jiang Fuxing,Sun Qingguo,et al.The forecasting method of rockburst and application based on overlying multistrata spatial structure theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(2):150-155.
[10]夏永学,康立军,齐庆新,等.基于微震监测的5个指标及其在冲击地压预测中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2011-1016.Xia Yongxue,Kang Lijun,Qi Qingxin,et al.Five indexes of microseismic and the application in rock burst forecastion[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2011-1016.
[11]张宏伟.地质动力区划方法在煤与瓦斯突出区域预测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):621-624.Zhang Hongwei.Application of geo-dynamic division method in prediction of coal and gas outburst region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):621-624.
[12]兰天伟,苏广福,韩军,等.地质动力区划预测煤与瓦斯突出[J].中国安全科学学报,2010,20(3):46-50.Lan Tianwei,Su Guangfu,Han Jun,et al.Prediction of coal and gas outburst based on geo-dynamic division[J].China Safety Science Journal,2010,20(3):46-50.
[13]韩军,张宏伟.地质动力区划中断裂活动性的模糊综合评判[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2007,18(2):101-105.Han Jun,Zhang Hongwei.Fuzzy integrated estimation of fault activity in geology dynamic zoning[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2007,18(2):101-105.
[14]宋卫华,张宏伟.矿井煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测的模式识别研究[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(S):90-92.Song Weihua,Zhang Hongwei.Pattern recognition of coal and gas outburst fatalness prediction in mines[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2006,6(S):90-92.
[15]GB 50021—2001,岩土工程勘察规范[S].
[16]宋和平,沈军,向志勇,等.乌鲁木齐市活动断层探测与地震危险性评价[M].北京:地震出版社,2009.
[17]吕进国,潘立.微震预警冲击地压的时间序列方法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2002-2005.LüJinguo,Pan Li.Microseismic predicting coal bump by time series method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2002-2005.
[18]张书敬,姚建国,鞠文君.千秋煤矿冲击地压与微震活动关系[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(S1):7-12.Zhang Shujing,Yao Jianguo,Ju Wenjun.Relationship of rockburst and microseismic activity in Qianqiu Coal Mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(S1):7-12.
[19]赵毅鑫,姜耀东,王涛,等.“两硬”条件下冲击地压微震信号特征及前兆识别[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(12):1960-1966.Zhao Yixin,Jiang Yaodong,Wang Tao,et al.Features of microseismic events and precursors of rock burst inunderground coal mining with hard roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(12):1960-1966.
[20]李玉,黄梅,廖国华,等.冲击地压发生前微震活动时空变化的分形特征[J].北京科技大学学报,1995,17(1):10-13.Li Yu,Huang Mei,Liao Guohua,et al.Fractal character of the timespace change of microseismicity before coal outbursts or rockbursts[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,1995,17(1):10-13.
[21]郭晓强,窦林名,陆菜平,等.采动诱发断层活化的微震活动规律研究[J].煤矿安全,2011,42(1):26-30.Guo Xiaoqiang,Dou Linming,Lu Caiping,et al.Pressure relief deformation of the upper coal seam and evolution laws of permeability when drilling thin coal seam[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2011,42(1):26-30.
[22]袁瑞甫.深部矿井冲击-突出复合动力灾害的特点及防治技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(8):6-10.Yuan Ruifu.Features of dynamic disasters combined rockburst and gas outburst in deep coal mine and its preventive measures[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(8):6-10.
[23]张宏伟,荣海,韩军,等.基于应力及能量特征的岩芯饼化机理研究[J].应用力学学报,2014,31(4):512-517.Zhang Hongwei,Rong Hai,Han Jun,et al.Study on rock core discing mechanism based on stress and energy principle[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2014,31(4):512-517.
[24]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.Dou Linming,He Xueqiu.Prevention theory and technology of rockburst[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2001.