浅埋近水平煤层采场覆岩压力拱结构特性及演化机制分析
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摘要
通过分析浅埋近水平煤层开采覆岩结构及破坏的特点,在压力拱和关键层理论的基础上建立了浅埋近水平煤层采场覆岩压力拱结构模型;认为该压力拱结构在工作面长度和推进方向上具有左右对称特征,压力拱发育至关键层后若关键层破断则基于破断位置重新起拱,若不破断则拱顶位于关键层附近,该压力拱结构模型能较好描述浅埋近水平煤层开采覆岩破坏形态。基于上述模型,分析了压力拱结构层和覆岩破坏区演化的突发性和阶段性特点,推导出了结构层压力拱轴线方程和覆岩破坏范围计算判据,分析了压力拱的极限变形量,给出关键层破断对压力拱发育影响的分析计算方法;通过对大柳塔矿52505工作面采场覆岩数值及理论分析,关键层破断后没有形成完整压力拱结构,导致地表出现塌陷。
Based on the analysis of characteristics of overlying strata structure and failure in shallow and flat seams mining, and the theory of pressure arch and key stratum, the structural model of overlying strata pressure arch has been established. This paper argues that the pressure arch structure is bilaterally symmetrical in the width and advancing direction of the working face. When the pressure arch develops to the key stratum, and if the key stratum breaks, the pressure arch will be renewed near where it has broken; conversely, the vault will locate near the key stratum. The model can give a reasonable description of the damage form of overlying strata in shallow and flat coal seams. Based on the above-mentioned model, the sudden and phase-dependent evolution characteristics of the pressure arch structure layer and overburden failure zone are analyzed. The criterion of calculation for the axis equation of the pressure arch in the structural layer and the overlying strata damage range is presented. The limit deformation of the pressure arch is analyzed, and the analysis and calculation method of the influence of the key stratum fracture on the development of the pressure arch are presented. Through numerical and theoretical analysis of overlying strata values in working face 52505 in Daliuta Coalmine, the collapse of surface was a result of the absence of complete pressure arch structure after the key stratum fracture.
Based on the analysis of characteristics of overlying strata structure and failure in shallow and flat seams mining, and the theory of pressure arch and key stratum, the structural model of overlying strata pressure arch has been established. This paper argues that the pressure arch structure is bilaterally symmetrical in the width and advancing direction of the working face. When the pressure arch develops to the key stratum, and if the key stratum breaks, the pressure arch will be renewed near where it has broken; conversely, the vault will locate near the key stratum. The model can give a reasonable description of the damage form of overlying strata in shallow and flat coal seams. Based on the above-mentioned model, the sudden and phase-dependent evolution characteristics of the pressure arch structure layer and overburden failure zone are analyzed. The criterion of calculation for the axis equation of the pressure arch in the structural layer and the overlying strata damage range is presented. The limit deformation of the pressure arch is analyzed, and the analysis and calculation method of the influence of the key stratum fracture on the development of the pressure arch are presented. Through numerical and theoretical analysis of overlying strata values in working face 52505 in Daliuta Coalmine, the collapse of surface was a result of the absence of complete pressure arch structure after the key stratum fracture.
引文
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[13]张顶立,陈立平.隧道围岩的复合结构特性及其荷载效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(3):456-469.ZHANG Dingli,CHEN Liping.Compound structural characteristics and load effect of tunnel surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(3):456-469.
[14]王志强,李鹏飞,王磊,等.再论采场“三带”的划分方法及工程应用[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(增刊2):287-293.WANG Zhiqiang,LI Pengfei,WANG Lei,et al.Method of division and engineering use of“three band”in the stope again[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(Sup 2):287-293.
[15]李化敏,李回贵,宋桂军,等.神东矿区煤系地层岩石物理力学性质[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(11):2661-2671.LI Huamin,LI Huigui,SONG Guijun,et al.Physical and mechanical properties of the coal-bearing strata rock in Shendong coal field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(11):2661-2671.
[2]谢广祥.综放工作面及其围岩宏观应力壳力学特征[J]煤炭学报,2005,30(3):309-313.XIE Guangxiang.Influence of mining thickness on mechanical characteristics of working face and surrounding rock stress shell[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(3):309-313.
[3]谢广祥,王磊.采场围岩应力壳力学特征的岩性效应[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(1):44-49.XIE Guangxiang,WANG Lei.Lithologic effect on the mechanical characteristics of mining-induced stress shell[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(1):44-49.
[4]黄庆享,张沛.厚砂土层下顶板关键块上的动态载荷传递规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(24):4179-4182.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHANG Pei.Study on dynamic load distribution on key roof block in shallow seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(24):4179-4182.
[5]黄庆享,唐朋飞.浅埋煤层大采高工作面顶板结构分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(2):282-286.HUANG Qingxiang,TANG Pengfei.Roof structure analysis on large mining height longwall face in shallow coal seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(2):282-286.
[6]黄庆享,周金龙,马龙涛,等.近浅埋煤层大采高工作面双关键层结构分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2504-2510.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHOU Jinlong,MA Longtao,et al.Double key strata structure analysis of large mining height longwall face in nearly shallow coal seam[J].Journal of China Society,2017,42(10):2504-2510.
[7]王家臣,王兆会.浅埋薄基岩高强度开采工作面初次来压基本顶结构稳定性研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):175-182.WANG Jiachen,WANG Zhaohui.Stability of main roof structure during the first weighting in shallow high intensity mining face with thin bedrock[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):175-182.
[8]许家林,鞠金峰.特大采高综采面关键层结构形态及其对矿压显现的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1547-1556.XU Jialin,JU Jinfeng.Structural morphology of key stratum and its influence on strata behaviors in fully-mechanized face with super-large mining height[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1547-1556.
[9]伍永平,王红伟,解盘石.大倾角煤层长壁开采围岩宏观应力拱壳分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,27(4):559-564.WU Yongping,WANG Hongwei,XIE Panshi.Analysis of surrounding rock macro stress arch-shell of longwall face in steeply dipping seam mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,27(4):559-564.
[10]王金安,赵志宏,侯志鹰.浅埋坚硬覆岩下开采地表塌陷机理研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(10):1051-1056.WANG Jin’an,ZHAO Zhihong,HOU Zhiying.Study on the catastrophic collapse of surface land induced by mining under a shallow and hard strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(10):1051-1056.
[11]冯军发,周英,李回贵,等.试论近水平煤层采场的3种基本结构形式[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(10):2576-2587.FENG Junfa,ZHOU Ying,LI Huigui,et al.Three kinds of basic structures of working face in near horizontal coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(10):2576-2587.
[12]左建平,孙运江,钱鸣高.厚松散层覆岩移动机理及“类双曲线”模型[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1372-1379.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,QIAN Minggao.Movement mechanism and analogous hyperbola model of overlying strata with thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1372-1379.
[13]张顶立,陈立平.隧道围岩的复合结构特性及其荷载效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(3):456-469.ZHANG Dingli,CHEN Liping.Compound structural characteristics and load effect of tunnel surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(3):456-469.
[14]王志强,李鹏飞,王磊,等.再论采场“三带”的划分方法及工程应用[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(增刊2):287-293.WANG Zhiqiang,LI Pengfei,WANG Lei,et al.Method of division and engineering use of“three band”in the stope again[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(Sup 2):287-293.
[15]李化敏,李回贵,宋桂军,等.神东矿区煤系地层岩石物理力学性质[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(11):2661-2671.LI Huamin,LI Huigui,SONG Guijun,et al.Physical and mechanical properties of the coal-bearing strata rock in Shendong coal field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(11):2661-2671.