1974-2017年洪湖湿地自然保护区景观格局演变及驱动力分析
|
摘要
利用Landsat系列遥感影像数据(1974、1979、1984、1990、1996、2001、2006、2009、2014和2017年)解译得到的土地利用/土地覆盖变化(LUCC)结合研究区44年的气温、降水量、水位等气象水文数据,构建LUCC经验统计模型和计算景观格局指数,探讨1974-2017年洪湖国家级自然保护区景观格局变化的主要驱动因素.研究结果表明:土地利用强度指数由1974年的207增加到2017年的249.36,人类开发利用湖滨带的程度增强,到2017年约有30%的自然湿地转化为坑塘、农田和滩地及建设用地.不同地表覆盖类型的景观格局指数均发生了较大变化,2000年以后湖滨带逐渐形成了以养殖为主的低矮围景观.总体上景观趋于破碎化、连通性降低、稳定性变弱.洪湖湿地自然保护区土地利用强度指数与景观格局综合指数呈较显著的正相关,两者的相关系数为0.84,土地利用强度增加则景观更加破碎、斑块之间的连接程度减弱、区域的景观聚集度下降和景观异质性增加.总体而言,洪湖湿地自然保护区受人为干扰影响明显,开展封湖育草自然恢复与建立植被恢复示范区相结合,构建自湖滨至湖心的梯度变化完整的湿生植被-挺水植被-漂浮植被-浮叶植被-沉水植被的水生植物群落,退耕还草、退垸还湖、修复湖滨带植被,大幅度提高洪湖的自净能力,增加其水生植物多样性,实现湿地的有效修复,改善其结构和功能,维系洪湖湿地生态系统的平衡.
This study took Honghu National Nature Reserve as an example to investigate the driving forces on Landscape pattern changes based on the land use and land change data of 1974,1979,1984,1990,1996,2001,2006,2009,2014 and 2017,which were obtained from interpretation of Landsat images. Correlation analysis was adopted for finding characteristics of the interaction by combining with meteorological hydrological data such as temperature,precipitation and water stage. The results showed that: Land use intensity index risen from 207 at the begining of the study to 249.36 at the end of the study during the period of1974-2017,these changes were more due to enlargement in the interference of human activities for land-use change. About 30% of the natural wetlands translated into ponds,farmland and bottomland and construction land by 2017. The landscape pattern indices of different types have changed greatly,the lakeside zone has formed a low enclosed ponds dominated by aquaculture after entering twenty-first Century. On the whole,landscape tended to be diversified,fragmented,reduced in connectivity and weakened in stability. The correlation coefficient between land use intensity index and the composite index of landscape pattern is 0.84,it shows that LUCC is very closely related to the landscape pattern. With the increase of land use intensity,the landscape is more fragmented,the degree of connectivity between patches is weakly,the landscape aggregation degree of the area is decreasing,and the landscape heterogeneity is increasing. In general,the Honghu Wetland Nature Reserve is affected obviously by human interference. The goal of maintaining the balance of Honghu wetland ecosystem is achieved through rational exploitation and utilization,returning farmland to grass and lake,restoring the vegetation of the lakeside zone,increasing the diversity of its aquatic plants,realizing the effective restoration of the wetland,improving its structure and function. A combination of the natural restoration of vegetation and the establishment of demonstration area of vegetation restorations is carried out,and the hygrophilous vegetation,emergent aquatic vegetation,floating vegetation,floating-leaved vegetation,and submerged vegetation,should be constructed from the lakeside to the heart of the lake.
This study took Honghu National Nature Reserve as an example to investigate the driving forces on Landscape pattern changes based on the land use and land change data of 1974,1979,1984,1990,1996,2001,2006,2009,2014 and 2017,which were obtained from interpretation of Landsat images. Correlation analysis was adopted for finding characteristics of the interaction by combining with meteorological hydrological data such as temperature,precipitation and water stage. The results showed that: Land use intensity index risen from 207 at the begining of the study to 249.36 at the end of the study during the period of1974-2017,these changes were more due to enlargement in the interference of human activities for land-use change. About 30% of the natural wetlands translated into ponds,farmland and bottomland and construction land by 2017. The landscape pattern indices of different types have changed greatly,the lakeside zone has formed a low enclosed ponds dominated by aquaculture after entering twenty-first Century. On the whole,landscape tended to be diversified,fragmented,reduced in connectivity and weakened in stability. The correlation coefficient between land use intensity index and the composite index of landscape pattern is 0.84,it shows that LUCC is very closely related to the landscape pattern. With the increase of land use intensity,the landscape is more fragmented,the degree of connectivity between patches is weakly,the landscape aggregation degree of the area is decreasing,and the landscape heterogeneity is increasing. In general,the Honghu Wetland Nature Reserve is affected obviously by human interference. The goal of maintaining the balance of Honghu wetland ecosystem is achieved through rational exploitation and utilization,returning farmland to grass and lake,restoring the vegetation of the lakeside zone,increasing the diversity of its aquatic plants,realizing the effective restoration of the wetland,improving its structure and function. A combination of the natural restoration of vegetation and the establishment of demonstration area of vegetation restorations is carried out,and the hygrophilous vegetation,emergent aquatic vegetation,floating vegetation,floating-leaved vegetation,and submerged vegetation,should be constructed from the lakeside to the heart of the lake.
引文
[1] Chen YY,Lv XG. The wentland function and research tendency of wetland science. Wentland Science,2003,1(1):7-11.[陈宜瑜,吕宪国.湿地功能与湿地科学的研究方向.湿地科学,2003,1(1):7-11.]
[2] Wu JG ed. Landscape ecology:Pattern,process,scale and hierachy:2nd. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007.[邬建国.景观生态学:第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007.]
[3] Dixon MD,Johnson WC,Scott ML et al. Dynamics of plains Cottonwood(Populus deltoides)forests and historical landscape change along unchannelized segments of the Missouri River,USA. Environmental Management,2012,49(5):990-1008. DOI:10.1007/s00267-012-9842-5.
[4] Wang S,Yugm,Zhang S. The temporal and spatial characteristic of landscape ecological security at the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River Watershed. International Conference on Energy,Environment and Materials Engineering(Eeme2014),2014:193-197.
[5] Palmquist EC,Ralstonb,Merritt DM et al. Landscape-scale processes influence riparian plant composition along a regulated river. Journal of Arid Environments,2018,148:54-64. DOI:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.10.001.
[6] Xu Y,Gao JF,Gao YN. Landscape ecological risk assessment in the Taihu region based on land use change. J Lake Sci,2011,23(4):642-648. DOI:10.18307/2011.0422.[许妍,高俊峰,高永年.基于土地利用动态变化的太湖地区景观生态风险评价.湖泊科学,2011,23(4):642-648.]
[7] Liu XJ,Li ZB,Li P et al. Land use/cover change based relationship between landscape,runoff,and sedimentation. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(18):5691-5700.[刘晓君,李占斌,李鹏等.基于土地利用/覆被变化的流域景观格局与水沙响应关系研究.生态学报,2016,36(18):5691-5700.]
[8] Chen HZ,Shi TZ,Wu GF. The dynamic analysis of lake landscape of Wuhan City in recent 40 years. J Lake Sci,2015,27(4):745-754. DOI:10.18307/2015.0424.[陈海珍,石铁柱,邬国锋.武汉市湖泊景观动态遥感分析(1973-2013年).湖泊科学,2015,27(4):745-754.]
[9] Gong ZN,Zhang YR,Gong HL et al. Evolution of wetland landscape Pattern and its driving factors in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(1):77-88.[宫兆宁,张翼然,宫辉力等.北京湿地景观格局演变特征与驱动机制分析.地理学报,2011,66(1):77-88.]
[10] Wang Q,Ren XY,Xiao F et al. Landscape patterns in Honghu wetland using RS and GIS. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2006,14(2):224-226.[王茜,任宪友,肖飞等. RS与GIS支持的洪湖湿地景观格局分析.中国生态农业学报,2006,14(2):224-226.]
[11] Wang XJ. Effects of LUCC on landscape of Honghu wetland[Dissertation]. Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2013.[王璇洁.洪湖湿地LUCC对景观格局的影响[学位论文].武汉:华中师范大学,2013.]
[12] Liu G. The reasearch on the landscape successions and the carbon storage of Honghu wetland in China[Dissertation].Changsha:Central South University of Forestry and Technology,2011.[刘刚.洪湖市湿地景观演替及碳储量研究[学位论文].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2011.
[13] Chen L,Lin H,Liu G. Analysis on Honghu wetland landscape type traits change from 1974 to 2010. Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2013,33(8):108-112.[陈利,林辉,刘刚. 1974~2010年洪湖湿地景观类型特征变化的分析.中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(8):108-112.]
[14] Xu BS. Study on landscape pattern evolution of land use and ecological security assessment in Jianghan plain[Dissertation]. Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2012.[许倍慎.江汉平原土地利用景观格局演变及生态安全评价[学位论文].武汉:华中师范大学,2012.]
[15] Wang XL,Wu YJ. The application of the Markov Model on the dynamic change of wetland landscape pattern in four-lake area. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2002,21(3):288-292.[王学雷,吴宜进.马尔柯夫模型在四湖地区湿地景观变化研究中的应用.华中农业大学学报,2002,21(3):288-292.]
[16] Liu ZY,He H. Factors influencing succession of Honghu Lake Wetland and strategy for ecological restoration. Wetland Science&Management,2008,4(2):37-41.[刘章勇,何浩.洪湖湿地演替的影响因素与生态恢复对策.湿地科学与管理,2008,4(2):37-41.]
[17] Torbick NM,Qi J,Roloff GJ et al. Investigating impacts of land-use land cover change on wetlands in the Muskegon River Watershed,Michigan,USA. Wetlands,2006,26(4):1103-1113.
[18] Chen YY,Xu YH eds. Honghu aquatic organisms and its resource development. Beijing:Science Press,1995.[陈宜瑜,许蕴玕.洪湖水生生物及其资源开发.北京:科学出版社,1995.]
[19] Zhang H,Chen SJ,Zhang GY et al. The effect of Three Gorges Project on groundwater level and soil gleization in Honghu region. System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture,2009,25(3):317-321.[张红,陈世俭,张光岳等.三峡工程对洪湖地区地下水动态和土壤潜育的影响.农业系统科学与综合研究,2009,25(3):317-321.]
[20] Lu S,Li SJ,Wang XL. Study on the environmental evolution and ecological protection of Honghu Lake. Wetland Science,2004,2(3):234-237.[卢山,李世杰,王学雷.洪湖的环境变迁与生态保护.湿地科学,2004,2(3):234-237.]
[21] Chen SJ. Environmental problems and ecological counterm easures for the Honghu Lake in Hubei province. Jorunal of Central China Normal University:Nat Sci,2001,35(1):107-110.[陈世俭.洪湖的环境变迁及其生态对策.华中师范大学学报:自然科学版,2001,35(1):107-110.]
[22] Zou SH. Study on the swamping of Jianhan Lake groups. Jorunal of Central China Normal University:Nat Sci,1989,23(1):118-123.[邹尚辉.江汉湖群湖泊沼泽化问题研究.华中师范大学学报:自然科学版,1989,23(1):118-123.]
[23] Wang XL,Liu XT,Wu YJ. Analysis of water environment characteristics and purification ability of Honghu Lake Wetland in Jianghan plain. J Wuhan Univ:Nat Sci Ed,2003,49(2):217-220.[王学雷,刘兴土,吴宜进.洪湖水环境特征与湖泊湿地净化能力研究.武汉大学学报:理学版,2003,49(2):217-220.]
[24] Foody GM,Mathur A. A relative evaluation of multiclass image classification by support vector machines. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2004,42(6):1335-1343. DOI:10.1109/tgrs.2004.827257.
[25] Mitra P,Shankar BU,PAL SK. Segmentation of multispectral remote sensing images using active support vector machines.Pattern Recognition Letters,2004,25(9):1067-1074. DOI:10.1016/j.patrec. 2004.03.004.
[26] Waske B,Benediktsson JA. Fusion of support vector machines for classification of multisensor data. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2007,45(12):3858-3866. DOI:10.1109/tgrs.2007.898446.
[27] Mountrakis G,Im J,Ogole C. Support vector machines in remote sensing:A review. Isprs Journal of Photogrammetry&Remote Sensing,2011,66(3):247-259. DOI:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.11.001.
[28] Han X,Chen X,Feng L. Four decades of winter wetland changes in Poyang Lake based on Landsat observations between1973 and 2013. Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,156:426-437. DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.003.
[29] Liu JY ed. Remote sensing macroscopic survey and dynamic research of resources and environment in china. Beijing:China Press of Science and Technology,1996.[刘纪远.中国资源环境遥感宏观调查与动态研究.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1996.]
[30] Li YF,Liu HY. Advance in wetland classification and wetland landscape classification researchs. Wetland Science,2014,12(1):102-108.[李玉凤,刘红玉.湿地分类和湿地景观分类研究进展.湿地科学,2014,12(1):102-108.]
[31] Wang SY,Liu JY,Zhang ZX et al. Analysis on spatial-temporal features of land use in China. Acta Geographica Sinica,2001,56(6):631-639.[王思远,刘纪远,张增祥等.中国土地利用时空特征分析.地理学报,2001,56(6):631-639.
[32] Xia ZH,Liu M,Wang M et al. Quantitative identification of the impact of climate change and human activity on runoff in Lake Honghu basin since 1990s. J Lake Sci,2014,26(4):515-521. DOI:10.18307/2014.0404.[夏智宏,刘敏,王苗等. 1990s以来气候变化和人类活动对洪湖流域径流影响的定量辨识.湖泊科学,2014,26(4):515-521.]
[33] Liu M,Qin PC,Liu KQ et al. Response of lake water level of Honghu Lake to SPEI/SPI Drought Indices at different time scales. Meteorological Monthly,2013,39(9):1163-1170.[刘敏,秦鹏程,刘可群等.洪湖水位对不同时间尺度SPEI/SP干旱指数的响应研究.气象,2013,39(9):1163-1170.]
[34] Liu KQ,Liang YT,Zhou JL et al. Impactanalysis of human activities and climate change on Honghu lake’s spring drought. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,(5):1302-1310.[刘可群,梁益同,周金莲等.人类活动与气候变化对洪湖春旱的影响.生态学报,2014,(5):1302-1310.]
[35] Wang HL,Wang XL,Li EH. Impacts of climate change on Honghu lake wetlands. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(6):653-658.[王慧亮,王学雷,厉恩华.气候变化对洪湖湿地的影响.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(6):653-658.]
[36] Liu Y,Ren WB,Shu T et al. Current status and the long-term change of riparian vegetation in last fifty years of Lake Honghu. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(S1):38-45.[刘毅,任文彬,舒潼等.洪湖湖滨带植被现状以及近五十年的变化分析.长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(S1):38-45.]
[37] Yin FN. Research on natural environment evolution of the Honghu lake. Yangtze River,2008,39(5):19-22.[尹发能.洪湖自然环境演变研究.人民长江,2008,39(5):19-22.]
[38] Jia L. Research on natural-ecological compensation of Honghu Wetland[Dissertation]. Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2013.[贾丽.洪湖湿地自然生态补偿研究[学位论文].武汉:华中师范大学,2013.]
[2] Wu JG ed. Landscape ecology:Pattern,process,scale and hierachy:2nd. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007.[邬建国.景观生态学:第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007.]
[3] Dixon MD,Johnson WC,Scott ML et al. Dynamics of plains Cottonwood(Populus deltoides)forests and historical landscape change along unchannelized segments of the Missouri River,USA. Environmental Management,2012,49(5):990-1008. DOI:10.1007/s00267-012-9842-5.
[4] Wang S,Yugm,Zhang S. The temporal and spatial characteristic of landscape ecological security at the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River Watershed. International Conference on Energy,Environment and Materials Engineering(Eeme2014),2014:193-197.
[5] Palmquist EC,Ralstonb,Merritt DM et al. Landscape-scale processes influence riparian plant composition along a regulated river. Journal of Arid Environments,2018,148:54-64. DOI:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.10.001.
[6] Xu Y,Gao JF,Gao YN. Landscape ecological risk assessment in the Taihu region based on land use change. J Lake Sci,2011,23(4):642-648. DOI:10.18307/2011.0422.[许妍,高俊峰,高永年.基于土地利用动态变化的太湖地区景观生态风险评价.湖泊科学,2011,23(4):642-648.]
[7] Liu XJ,Li ZB,Li P et al. Land use/cover change based relationship between landscape,runoff,and sedimentation. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(18):5691-5700.[刘晓君,李占斌,李鹏等.基于土地利用/覆被变化的流域景观格局与水沙响应关系研究.生态学报,2016,36(18):5691-5700.]
[8] Chen HZ,Shi TZ,Wu GF. The dynamic analysis of lake landscape of Wuhan City in recent 40 years. J Lake Sci,2015,27(4):745-754. DOI:10.18307/2015.0424.[陈海珍,石铁柱,邬国锋.武汉市湖泊景观动态遥感分析(1973-2013年).湖泊科学,2015,27(4):745-754.]
[9] Gong ZN,Zhang YR,Gong HL et al. Evolution of wetland landscape Pattern and its driving factors in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(1):77-88.[宫兆宁,张翼然,宫辉力等.北京湿地景观格局演变特征与驱动机制分析.地理学报,2011,66(1):77-88.]
[10] Wang Q,Ren XY,Xiao F et al. Landscape patterns in Honghu wetland using RS and GIS. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2006,14(2):224-226.[王茜,任宪友,肖飞等. RS与GIS支持的洪湖湿地景观格局分析.中国生态农业学报,2006,14(2):224-226.]
[11] Wang XJ. Effects of LUCC on landscape of Honghu wetland[Dissertation]. Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2013.[王璇洁.洪湖湿地LUCC对景观格局的影响[学位论文].武汉:华中师范大学,2013.]
[12] Liu G. The reasearch on the landscape successions and the carbon storage of Honghu wetland in China[Dissertation].Changsha:Central South University of Forestry and Technology,2011.[刘刚.洪湖市湿地景观演替及碳储量研究[学位论文].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2011.
[13] Chen L,Lin H,Liu G. Analysis on Honghu wetland landscape type traits change from 1974 to 2010. Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2013,33(8):108-112.[陈利,林辉,刘刚. 1974~2010年洪湖湿地景观类型特征变化的分析.中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(8):108-112.]
[14] Xu BS. Study on landscape pattern evolution of land use and ecological security assessment in Jianghan plain[Dissertation]. Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2012.[许倍慎.江汉平原土地利用景观格局演变及生态安全评价[学位论文].武汉:华中师范大学,2012.]
[15] Wang XL,Wu YJ. The application of the Markov Model on the dynamic change of wetland landscape pattern in four-lake area. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2002,21(3):288-292.[王学雷,吴宜进.马尔柯夫模型在四湖地区湿地景观变化研究中的应用.华中农业大学学报,2002,21(3):288-292.]
[16] Liu ZY,He H. Factors influencing succession of Honghu Lake Wetland and strategy for ecological restoration. Wetland Science&Management,2008,4(2):37-41.[刘章勇,何浩.洪湖湿地演替的影响因素与生态恢复对策.湿地科学与管理,2008,4(2):37-41.]
[17] Torbick NM,Qi J,Roloff GJ et al. Investigating impacts of land-use land cover change on wetlands in the Muskegon River Watershed,Michigan,USA. Wetlands,2006,26(4):1103-1113.
[18] Chen YY,Xu YH eds. Honghu aquatic organisms and its resource development. Beijing:Science Press,1995.[陈宜瑜,许蕴玕.洪湖水生生物及其资源开发.北京:科学出版社,1995.]
[19] Zhang H,Chen SJ,Zhang GY et al. The effect of Three Gorges Project on groundwater level and soil gleization in Honghu region. System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture,2009,25(3):317-321.[张红,陈世俭,张光岳等.三峡工程对洪湖地区地下水动态和土壤潜育的影响.农业系统科学与综合研究,2009,25(3):317-321.]
[20] Lu S,Li SJ,Wang XL. Study on the environmental evolution and ecological protection of Honghu Lake. Wetland Science,2004,2(3):234-237.[卢山,李世杰,王学雷.洪湖的环境变迁与生态保护.湿地科学,2004,2(3):234-237.]
[21] Chen SJ. Environmental problems and ecological counterm easures for the Honghu Lake in Hubei province. Jorunal of Central China Normal University:Nat Sci,2001,35(1):107-110.[陈世俭.洪湖的环境变迁及其生态对策.华中师范大学学报:自然科学版,2001,35(1):107-110.]
[22] Zou SH. Study on the swamping of Jianhan Lake groups. Jorunal of Central China Normal University:Nat Sci,1989,23(1):118-123.[邹尚辉.江汉湖群湖泊沼泽化问题研究.华中师范大学学报:自然科学版,1989,23(1):118-123.]
[23] Wang XL,Liu XT,Wu YJ. Analysis of water environment characteristics and purification ability of Honghu Lake Wetland in Jianghan plain. J Wuhan Univ:Nat Sci Ed,2003,49(2):217-220.[王学雷,刘兴土,吴宜进.洪湖水环境特征与湖泊湿地净化能力研究.武汉大学学报:理学版,2003,49(2):217-220.]
[24] Foody GM,Mathur A. A relative evaluation of multiclass image classification by support vector machines. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2004,42(6):1335-1343. DOI:10.1109/tgrs.2004.827257.
[25] Mitra P,Shankar BU,PAL SK. Segmentation of multispectral remote sensing images using active support vector machines.Pattern Recognition Letters,2004,25(9):1067-1074. DOI:10.1016/j.patrec. 2004.03.004.
[26] Waske B,Benediktsson JA. Fusion of support vector machines for classification of multisensor data. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2007,45(12):3858-3866. DOI:10.1109/tgrs.2007.898446.
[27] Mountrakis G,Im J,Ogole C. Support vector machines in remote sensing:A review. Isprs Journal of Photogrammetry&Remote Sensing,2011,66(3):247-259. DOI:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.11.001.
[28] Han X,Chen X,Feng L. Four decades of winter wetland changes in Poyang Lake based on Landsat observations between1973 and 2013. Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,156:426-437. DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.003.
[29] Liu JY ed. Remote sensing macroscopic survey and dynamic research of resources and environment in china. Beijing:China Press of Science and Technology,1996.[刘纪远.中国资源环境遥感宏观调查与动态研究.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1996.]
[30] Li YF,Liu HY. Advance in wetland classification and wetland landscape classification researchs. Wetland Science,2014,12(1):102-108.[李玉凤,刘红玉.湿地分类和湿地景观分类研究进展.湿地科学,2014,12(1):102-108.]
[31] Wang SY,Liu JY,Zhang ZX et al. Analysis on spatial-temporal features of land use in China. Acta Geographica Sinica,2001,56(6):631-639.[王思远,刘纪远,张增祥等.中国土地利用时空特征分析.地理学报,2001,56(6):631-639.
[32] Xia ZH,Liu M,Wang M et al. Quantitative identification of the impact of climate change and human activity on runoff in Lake Honghu basin since 1990s. J Lake Sci,2014,26(4):515-521. DOI:10.18307/2014.0404.[夏智宏,刘敏,王苗等. 1990s以来气候变化和人类活动对洪湖流域径流影响的定量辨识.湖泊科学,2014,26(4):515-521.]
[33] Liu M,Qin PC,Liu KQ et al. Response of lake water level of Honghu Lake to SPEI/SPI Drought Indices at different time scales. Meteorological Monthly,2013,39(9):1163-1170.[刘敏,秦鹏程,刘可群等.洪湖水位对不同时间尺度SPEI/SP干旱指数的响应研究.气象,2013,39(9):1163-1170.]
[34] Liu KQ,Liang YT,Zhou JL et al. Impactanalysis of human activities and climate change on Honghu lake’s spring drought. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,(5):1302-1310.[刘可群,梁益同,周金莲等.人类活动与气候变化对洪湖春旱的影响.生态学报,2014,(5):1302-1310.]
[35] Wang HL,Wang XL,Li EH. Impacts of climate change on Honghu lake wetlands. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(6):653-658.[王慧亮,王学雷,厉恩华.气候变化对洪湖湿地的影响.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(6):653-658.]
[36] Liu Y,Ren WB,Shu T et al. Current status and the long-term change of riparian vegetation in last fifty years of Lake Honghu. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(S1):38-45.[刘毅,任文彬,舒潼等.洪湖湖滨带植被现状以及近五十年的变化分析.长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(S1):38-45.]
[37] Yin FN. Research on natural environment evolution of the Honghu lake. Yangtze River,2008,39(5):19-22.[尹发能.洪湖自然环境演变研究.人民长江,2008,39(5):19-22.]
[38] Jia L. Research on natural-ecological compensation of Honghu Wetland[Dissertation]. Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2013.[贾丽.洪湖湿地自然生态补偿研究[学位论文].武汉:华中师范大学,2013.]