改进的地累积指数法在重金属生态风险评价中的应用
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摘要
地累积指数法是土壤或沉积物中重金属生态风险评价的常用方法,只能够对样点中的单一重金属污染进行评价,不能综合分析区域内的重金属污染程度.为了扩大地累积指数法的应用范围,尝试利用最大污染量和平均污染量这2个指标对该评价模型进行改进.为了验证改进的地累积指数法的科学性与可靠性,以天津于桥水库流域河流沉积物的重金属综合生态风险评价为例,比较分析改进的地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法、污染负荷指数法的评价结果.在评价单一样点的重金属生态风险时,改进的地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法的评价结果一致,均为较轻污染水平,而污染负荷指数法的评价结果为中等污染水平;在评价区域的综合重金属生态风险时,改进的地累积指数法和污染负荷指数法的结果相同,均为中等污染水平.利用中等污染距对单一样点重金属生态风险进行评价时,改进的地累积指数法与潜在生态风险指数法的中等污染距相近,略低于污染负荷指数法的数值;在对区域综合重金属生态风险进行评价时,改进的地累积指数法与污染负荷指数法的中等污染距接近,即区域整体属于中等污染水平.由此可见,改进的地累积指数法可以用于综合评价区域的重金属生态风险.
The geo-accumulatie index method is a common method to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals in soil or sediment. This method only can evaluate the single heavy metal in a sample site but can not comprehensively analyze the pollution degree of heavy metals in a region. In order to expand the application scope of the geo-accumulative index method,the evaluation model was improved using the two indexes of the maximum pollution and the average pollution. In or-der to verify the scientificity and reliability of the improved geo-accumulative index method,the Yuqiao Reservoir Basin in Tianjin was taken as an example to evaluate the ecological risk of the heavy metals,and the evaluation results of the improved geo-accumulative index method were compared with the evaluation results using the potential ecological risk assessment method and the pollution load index method. When the ecological risk of heavy metals in a single sample site was evaluated,the results of the improved geo-accumulative index method and the potential ecological risk index method are consistent,all of which are in light pollution levels,but the evaluation results of the pollution load index method are in medium pollution level. When the comprehensive ecological risk of heavy metals in the region was evaluated,the results of the improved geo-accumulative index method and the pollution load index method are both in middle pollution level. When the medium pollution distance is used to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metal in single sample site,the results of improved geo-accumulative index method are similar with those of the potential ecological risk index method,and they are slightly lower than the value of the pollution load index method. When comprehensirely evaluating the ec ological risk of heavy metals in a region,the results of improved geo-accumulative index method are close to those of the pollution load index method,and the area belongs to the middle pollution level. It can be seen that the improved geo-accumulative index method can be used to comprehensively evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals in region.
The geo-accumulatie index method is a common method to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals in soil or sediment. This method only can evaluate the single heavy metal in a sample site but can not comprehensively analyze the pollution degree of heavy metals in a region. In order to expand the application scope of the geo-accumulative index method,the evaluation model was improved using the two indexes of the maximum pollution and the average pollution. In or-der to verify the scientificity and reliability of the improved geo-accumulative index method,the Yuqiao Reservoir Basin in Tianjin was taken as an example to evaluate the ecological risk of the heavy metals,and the evaluation results of the improved geo-accumulative index method were compared with the evaluation results using the potential ecological risk assessment method and the pollution load index method. When the ecological risk of heavy metals in a single sample site was evaluated,the results of the improved geo-accumulative index method and the potential ecological risk index method are consistent,all of which are in light pollution levels,but the evaluation results of the pollution load index method are in medium pollution level. When the comprehensive ecological risk of heavy metals in the region was evaluated,the results of the improved geo-accumulative index method and the pollution load index method are both in middle pollution level. When the medium pollution distance is used to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metal in single sample site,the results of improved geo-accumulative index method are similar with those of the potential ecological risk index method,and they are slightly lower than the value of the pollution load index method. When comprehensirely evaluating the ec ological risk of heavy metals in a region,the results of improved geo-accumulative index method are close to those of the pollution load index method,and the area belongs to the middle pollution level. It can be seen that the improved geo-accumulative index method can be used to comprehensively evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals in region.
引文
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[16]戴彬,吕建树,战金成,等.山东省典型工业城市土壤重金属来源、空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):507-515.DAI B,LYU J S,ZHAN J C,et al. Source,spatial distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in typical industrial cities of Shandong Province[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(2):507-515(in Chinese).
[17]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008(2):112-115.XU Z Q,NI S J,TUO X G,et al. Calculation of toxicity coefficient of heavy metals in evaluation of potential ecological risk index method[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2008(2):112-115.(in Chinese).
[2]刘苹,赵海军,刘兆辉,等.山东省露地蔬菜产地土壤重金属含量的环境质量分析与评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(6):1130-1136.LIU P,ZHAO H J,LIU Z H,et al. Analysis and evaluation of environmental quality for the heavy metal content of soil in vegetable production in Shandong Province[J]. Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science,2010,29(6):1130-1136(in Chinese).
[3]陆泗进,王业耀,何立环,等.风险评价代码法对农田土壤重金属生态风险的评价[J].环境化学,2014,33(11):1857-1863.LU S J,WANG Y Y,HE L H,et al. Assessment of ecological risk of heavy metals in farmland soil by risk assessment code method[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2014,33(11):1857-1863(in Chinese).
[4]王斐,黄益宗,王小玲,等.江西钨矿周边土壤重金属生态风险评价:不同评价方法的比较[J].环境化学,2015,34(2):225-233.WANG F,HUANG Y Z,WANG X L,et al. Tungsten soil ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Jiangxi:Comparison of different evaluation methods[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(2):225-233(in Chinese).
[5] HAKANSON,L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentological approach[J]. Water Res,1980,14:975-1001.
[6]徐争启,倪师军,张成江,等.应用污染负荷指数法评价攀枝花地区金沙江水系沉积物中的重金属[J].四川环境,2004,23(3):64-67.XU Z Q,NI S J,ZHANG C J,et al. Assessment of heavy metals in sediment of Panzhihua area by using the method of pollution load index[J].Sichuan Environment,2004,23(3):64-67(in Chinese).
[7]赵庆令,李清彩,谢江坤,等.应用富集系数法和地累积指数法研究济宁南部区域土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].岩矿测试,2015,34(1):129-137.ZHAO Q L,LI Q C,XIE J K,et al. Characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in the south of Jining by the method of enrichment factor and accumulation index[J]. Rock Ore Testing,2015,34(1):129-137(in Chinese).
[8]刘晶,滕彦国,崔艳芳,等.土壤重金属污染生态风险评价方法综述[J].环境监测管理与技术,2007,19(3):6-11.LIU J,TENG Y G,CUI Y F,et al. Review of ecological risk assessment methods for heavy metal pollution in soil[J]. Environmental Monitoring Management and Technology,2007,19(3):6-11(in Chinese).
[9]李绍生.地质累积指数法在义马矿区土壤重金属及氟污染评价中的应用[J].河南科学,2011,29(5):614-618.LI S S. Application of geoaccumulation index method in the evaluation of heavy metal and fluorine pollution in soil of Yima mining area[J].Henan Science,2011,29(5):614-618(in Chinese).
[10]刘敬勇,常向阳,涂湘林,等.广东某硫酸废渣堆渣场周围土壤铊污染的地累积指数评价[J].土壤通报,2010,41(5):1231-1236.LIU J Y,CHANG X Y,XU X L,et al. Evaluation of the cumulative index of thallium pollution around the soil of a waste dump in Guangdong Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2010,41(5):1231-1236(in Chinese).
[11]胡绵好.应用地质累积指数评价南昌市城市污泥重金属污染[J].广东微量元素科学,2010,17(3):27-31.HU M H. Application of geo-accumulation index to evaluate the heavy metal pollution of urban sewage sludge in Nanchang City[J]. Guangdong Trace Element Science,2010,17(3):27-31(in Chinese).
[12]钟红梅,周云锋,龙琼,等.应用地质累积指数评价四川省江油市响岩镇土壤重金属污染[J].中国西部科技,2009,8(15):29-30.ZHONG H M,ZHOU Y F,LONG Q,et al. Application of geo accumulation index to evaluate soil heavy metal pollution in Jiangyou,Sichuan Province[J]. Science and Technology in Western China,2009,8(15):29-30(in Chinese).
[13]涂剑成,赵庆良,杨倩倩,等.东北地区城市污水处理厂污泥中重金属的形态分布及其潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(3):689-695.TU J C,ZHAO Q L,YANG Q Q,et al. Distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sewage sludge from urban sewage treatment plants in Northeast China[J]. Journal of Environmental Science, 2012,32(3):689-695(in Chinese).
[14]刘衍君,汤庆新,白振华,等.基于地质累积与内梅罗指数的耕地重金属污染研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(20):174-178.LIU Y J,YANG Q X,BAI Z H,et al. Study on the heavy metal pollution of cultivated land based on the geo accumulation and Nemero index[J].Chinese Agricultural Bulletin,2009,25(20):174-178(in Chinese).
[15]刘婉.矿山环境农田土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价模型研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.LIU W. Potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil of mine environment[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2009(in Chinese).
[16]戴彬,吕建树,战金成,等.山东省典型工业城市土壤重金属来源、空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):507-515.DAI B,LYU J S,ZHAN J C,et al. Source,spatial distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in typical industrial cities of Shandong Province[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(2):507-515(in Chinese).
[17]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008(2):112-115.XU Z Q,NI S J,TUO X G,et al. Calculation of toxicity coefficient of heavy metals in evaluation of potential ecological risk index method[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2008(2):112-115.(in Chinese).