鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林荷木种群动态变化
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摘要
荷木(Schima superba)是鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林群落中的优势种,为了解南亚热带常绿阔叶林的群落构建机制,该研究分析了鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林20 hm2样地中荷木种群在2005—2017年间的动态变化,并从径级和生境两个方面分析了其死亡率的分布特征。结果表明:(1)荷木种群个体数量从2005—2017年呈现出减少的态势。(2)在径级方面,荷木的死亡率和相对生长率的变化在不同径级区间呈现出不同的变化规律。径级在1～10 cm范围的荷木相对生长率大并迅速下降,死亡率上升且维持在较高水平;径级在10～50 cm范围的荷木随着径级增大,相对生长率减缓,然后下降,而死亡率不断下降;在50 cm以上的径级范围内,荷木相对生长率小、死亡率大。(3)不同生境中,2010年各个生境死亡率相差不大,2015年高海拔生境(高坡、山脊、高谷)死亡率大于低海拔生境(低坡、低谷),2017年则为低海拔生境大于高海拔生境。(4)荷木的死亡率与土壤中酸碱度呈正相关关系,而与土壤有机质、总氮、总磷、有效钾、有效氮含量呈负相关关系。
Schima superba is a dominant species in the lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest community at Dinghushan. In order to understand the construction mechanism of lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest community,we have established a 20 hm~2 forest biodiversity monitoring plot at Dinghushan National Nature Reserve. The data presented in this paper are based on four field investigations of all S. superba individuals from 2005 to 2017. We further analyzed the distribution characteristics of its death rate according to diameter class and habitat type. The results were as follows:( 1) The number of S. superba individuals was largely reduced from 2005 to 2017.( 2) Mortality rate and growth rate of S. superba showed different patterns depending on diameter class. The relative growth rate of the individuals of 1-10 cm DBH was high and rapidly decreased,while the mortality rate increased and maintained at a high level. With the increase of DBH class,the relative growth rate of the individuals of 10-50 cm DBH rose and decelerated,and then decreased,while the mortality rate decreased. The mortality rate of those individuals above 50 cm DBH was large while the growth rate was little.( 3) The mortality rate of the individuals in each habitat in 2010 was not apparently different. However,in 2015,the mortality rate of individuals in high-altitude habitats( high slopes,ridges,and valleys) was greater than those in low-altitude habitats( low slopes and valleys),while those in low-altitude habitats in2017 were higher than those in the high-altitude habitats.( 4) The mortality rate was significantly positively correlated with soil p H and negatively correlated with soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available potassium,and available nitrogen content.
Schima superba is a dominant species in the lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest community at Dinghushan. In order to understand the construction mechanism of lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest community,we have established a 20 hm~2 forest biodiversity monitoring plot at Dinghushan National Nature Reserve. The data presented in this paper are based on four field investigations of all S. superba individuals from 2005 to 2017. We further analyzed the distribution characteristics of its death rate according to diameter class and habitat type. The results were as follows:( 1) The number of S. superba individuals was largely reduced from 2005 to 2017.( 2) Mortality rate and growth rate of S. superba showed different patterns depending on diameter class. The relative growth rate of the individuals of 1-10 cm DBH was high and rapidly decreased,while the mortality rate increased and maintained at a high level. With the increase of DBH class,the relative growth rate of the individuals of 10-50 cm DBH rose and decelerated,and then decreased,while the mortality rate decreased. The mortality rate of those individuals above 50 cm DBH was large while the growth rate was little.( 3) The mortality rate of the individuals in each habitat in 2010 was not apparently different. However,in 2015,the mortality rate of individuals in high-altitude habitats( high slopes,ridges,and valleys) was greater than those in low-altitude habitats( low slopes and valleys),while those in low-altitude habitats in2017 were higher than those in the high-altitude habitats.( 4) The mortality rate was significantly positively correlated with soil p H and negatively correlated with soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available potassium,and available nitrogen content.
引文
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FRANKLIN JF,SHUGART HH,HARMON ME,1987.Tree death as an ecological process[J].Bioscience,37(8):550-556.
GU YY,ZHANG SQ,LI XY,et al.,2013.Relationship between diameter at breast height and age of endangered species Populus euphratica Oliv[J].J Tarim Univ,25(2):66-69.[顾亚亚,张世卿,李先勇,等,2013.濒危物种胡杨胸径与树龄关系研究[J].塔里木大学学报,25(2):66-69.]
HUANG ZL,KONG GH,WEI P,1998.Plant species diversity dynamics in Dinghu Mountain forests[J].Chin Biodivers,6(2):116-121.[黄忠良,孔国辉,魏平,1998.鼎湖山植物物种多样性动态[J].生物多样性,6(2):116-121.]
LEVINS R,1969.Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control[J].Entomol Soc Am Bull,15(3):237-240.
LEWIS SL,PHILLIPS OL,SHEIL D,et al.,2004.Tropical forest tree mortality,recruitment and turnover rates:Calculation,interpretation and comparison when census intervals vary[J].J Ecol,92(6):929-944.
LI L,HUANG ZL,YE WH,et al.,2009.Spatial distributions of tree species in a subtropical forest of China[J].Oikos,118(4):495-502.
LI QH,GAO TT,LIU JF,et al.,2009.The age structure and life table of rare eremophyte Helianthemum ordosicum population[J].Bull Bot Res,29(2):176-181.[李清河,高婷婷,刘建锋,等,2009.荒漠珍稀灌木半日花种群的年龄结构与生命表分析[J].植物研究,29(2):176-181.]
LIAN JY,CHEN C,HUANG ZL,et al.,2015.Community composition and stand age in a subtropical forest,southern China[J].Biodivers Sci,23(2):174-182.[练琚愉,陈灿,黄忠良,2015.鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林不同成熟度群落特征的比较[J].生物多样性,23(2):174-182.]
LIANG J,SUN ZQ,ZHU YP,et al.,2011.13-years succession dynamic of Kunyushan natural forest[J].J Cent S Univ For Technol,31(1):9-17.[梁军,孙志强,朱彦鹏,等,2011.昆嵛山天然林13年演替动态[J].中南林业科技大学学报,31(1):9-17.]
LIN GJ,HUANG ZL,ZHU L,et al.,2010.Beta diversity of forest community on Dinghushan[J].Acta Ecol Sin,30(18):4875-4880.[林国俊,黄忠良,竺琳,等,2010.鼎湖山森林群落β多样性[J].生态学报,30(18):4875-4880.]
LIU JX,ZHOU GY,ZHANG DQ,2003.The cumulative effects of acid rain on the soil and responses of Schima superba at Dinghushan[J].Chin Environ Sci,23(1):90-94.[刘菊秀,周国逸,张德强,2003.酸雨对鼎湖山土壤的累积效应及荷木的反应[J].中国环境科学,23(1):90-94.]
LIU WD,ZANG RG,DING Y,et al.,2010.Mortality of woody plants in tropical monsoon rainforests of Bawangling National Nature Reserve on Hainan Island,South China[J].Chin JPlant Ecol,34(8):62-72.[刘万德,臧润国,丁易,等,2010.海南岛霸王岭热带季雨林树木的死亡率[J].植物生态学报,34(8):62-72.]
LU XK,MAO QG,GILLIAM FS,et al.,2014.Nitrogen deposition contributes to soil acidification in tropical ecosystems[J].Glob Change Biol,20(12):3790-3801.
MARBA N,DUARTE CM,AGUSTI S,2007.Allometric scaling of plant life history[J].Proc Natl Acad USA,104(40):15777-15780.
MCCOY MW,GILLOOLY JF,2008.Predicting natural mortality rates of plants and animals[J].Ecol Lett,11(7):710-716.
MENCUCCINI M,MARTINEZ-VILALTA J,VANDERKLEIND,et al.,2005.Size-mediated ageing reduces vigour in trees[J].Ecol Lett,8(11):1183-1190.
MUELLER RC,SCUDDER CM,PORTER ME,et al.,2005.Differential tree mortality in response to severe drought:Evidence for long-term vegetation shifts[J].JEcol,93(6):1085-1093.
NEPSTAD DC,TOHVER IM,RAY D,et al.,2007.Mortality of large trees and lianas following experimental drought in an Amazon forest[J].Ecology,88(9):2259-2269.
NI J,2001.Plant functional types and biomes of China at a regional scale[J].Acta Bot Sin,43(4):419-425.[倪健,2001.区域尺度的中国植物功能型与生物群区[J].植物学报,43(4):419-425.]
PEI NC,LIAN JY,ERICKSON DL,et al.,2011.Exploring tree-habitat associations in a Chinese subtropical forest plot using a molecular phylogeny generated from DNA barcode loci[J].PLoS ONE,6(6):e21273.
PENG SL,FANG W,1995.Studies on dynamics of Castanopsis chinensis and Schima superba population in forest succession of Dinghushan mountain[J].Acta Phytoecol Sin,19(4):311-318.[彭少麟,方炜,1995.鼎湖山植被演替过程中椎栗和荷木种群的动态[J].植物生态学报,19(4):311-318.]
PENG SL,FANG W,REN H,et al.,1998.The dynamics on organization in the successional process of Dinghushan Cryptocarya community[J].Acta Phytoecol Sin,22(3):245-249.[彭少麟,方炜,任海,等,1998.鼎湖山厚壳桂群落演替过程的组成和结构动态[J].植物生态学报,22(3):245-249.]
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