豆荚状铬铁矿床成矿地球化学指标对比和成矿作用讨论
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摘要
豆荚状铬铁矿主要赋存于地幔橄榄岩中,与方辉橄榄岩密切相关。在全球的分布与蛇绿岩带分布基本一致,但并非所有蛇绿岩体都赋存有铬铁矿,且其中赋存的铬铁矿体规模和分布都是很不规律的。我们对比研究了国内外9个含铬矿和4个不含铬矿蛇绿岩中地幔橄榄岩的地球化学组成,认为含铬矿地幔橄榄岩具有全岩低含量的CaO(<1.91%)和Al_2O_3(<1.76%)、方辉橄榄岩轻稀土元素富集,橄榄石高Fo值(>90),斜方辉石低Al_2O_3含量(<3.8%)以及副矿物铬尖晶石高Cr/Fe值(>1.5)等特征,可以作为该蛇绿岩体含矿评价的地球化学指标。通过这些指标可知豆荚状铬铁矿床是较高程度部分熔融和地幔交代作用的共同结果,结合前人提出的铬铁矿成矿模式,对铬铁矿的成矿过程有了进一步的认识。
Being the vital materials for metallurgical industry,podiform chromite deposits usually occur in mantle peridotites,and are associated with the ophiolitic complexes. However,chromite ores are not developed in all ophiolitic complexes,and the size and distribution of them are quite irregular. By comparing geochemical composition of nine chromite orebearing ophiolitic complexes and four barren ones,we found the mineralized ones have low CaO(< 1. 91%) and Al_2O_33(<1. 76%) content,and LREE-enrichment of harzburgites,high Fo(> 90) value of the olivine,low Al_2O_3 content(<3. 8%) of the orthopyroxene and high Cr/Fe ratio(>1. 5) of chromite,which can be the geochemical indicator of the ore-bearing ophiolitic complexes. Finally,we can conclude that the podiform chromite deposits have experienced both partial melting and metasomatism,and provide a genetic model for podiform chromite mineralization by combining with previous ideas.
Being the vital materials for metallurgical industry,podiform chromite deposits usually occur in mantle peridotites,and are associated with the ophiolitic complexes. However,chromite ores are not developed in all ophiolitic complexes,and the size and distribution of them are quite irregular. By comparing geochemical composition of nine chromite orebearing ophiolitic complexes and four barren ones,we found the mineralized ones have low CaO(< 1. 91%) and Al_2O_33(<1. 76%) content,and LREE-enrichment of harzburgites,high Fo(> 90) value of the olivine,low Al_2O_3 content(<3. 8%) of the orthopyroxene and high Cr/Fe ratio(>1. 5) of chromite,which can be the geochemical indicator of the ore-bearing ophiolitic complexes. Finally,we can conclude that the podiform chromite deposits have experienced both partial melting and metasomatism,and provide a genetic model for podiform chromite mineralization by combining with previous ideas.
引文
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Arai S.1994.Characterization of spinel peridotites by olivine-spinel compositional relationships:Review and interpretation.Chemical Geology,113(3-4):191-204
Arai S.2013.Conversion of low-pressure chromitites to ultrahighpressure chromitites by deep recycling:A good inference.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,379:81-87
AugéT,Johan Z.1988.Comparative study of chromite deposits from Troodos,Vourinos,north Oman and new Caledonia ophiolites.In:Boissonnas J,Omenetto P(eds.).Mineral Deposits within the European Community.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,6:267-288
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Bizimis M,Salters V J M,Bonatti E.2000.Trace and REE content of clinopyroxenes from supra-subduction zone peridotites.Implications for melting and enrichment processes in island arcs.Chemical Geology,165(1-2):67-85
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Coleman R G.1977.Ophiolites:Ancient oceanic lithosphere?New York:Springer-Verlag
Dick H J B,Bullen T.1984.Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator in abyssal and alpine-type peridotites and spatially associated lavas.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,86(1):54-76
Economou-Eliopoulos M,Vacondios I.1995.Geochemistry of chromitites and host rocks from the Pindos ophiolite complex,northwestern Greece.Chemical Geology,122(1-4):99-108
Economou-Eliopoulos M.1996.Platinum-group element distribution in chromite ores from ophiolite complexes:Implications for their exploration.Ore Geology Reviews,11(6):363-381
Frey F A,Shimizu N,Leinbach A,Obata M,Takazawa E.1991.Compositional variations within the lower layered zone of the Horoman Peridotite,Hokkaido,Japan:Constraints on models for melt-solid segregation.Journal of Petrology,2:211-227
Garuti G,Pushkarev E V,Thalhammer O A R,Zaccarini F.2012.Chromitites of the Urals(Part 1):Overview of chromite mineral chemistry and geotectonic setting.Ofioliti,37(1):27-53
Grammatikopoulos T A,Kapsiotis A,Tsikouras B,Hatzipanagiotou K,Zaccarini F,Garuti G.2011.Spinel composition,PGE geochemistry and mineralogy of the chromitites from the Vourinos ophiolite complex,nort
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Kapsiotis A N.2016b.Mineralogy,geochemistry and geotectonic significance of harzburgites from the southern Dramala upper mantle suite,Pindos ophiolite complex,NW Greece.Geological Journal,51(2):236-262
Lécuyer C.1990.Chemical transfer between mantle xenoliths and basic magmas:Evidence from oceanic magma chambers.The Trinity ophiolite(northern California).Lithos,25(4):243-259
Matveev S,Ballhaus C.2002.Role of water in the origin of podiform chromitite deposits.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,203(1):235-243
Niu Y L.2004.Bulk-rock major and trace element compositions of abyssal peridotites:Implications for mantle melting,melt extraction and post-melting processes beneath mid-ocean ridges.Journal of Petrology,45(12):2423-2458
PagéP,Bédard J H,Schroetter J M,Tremblay A.2008.Mantle petrology and mineralogy of the Thetford mines ophiolite complex.Lithos,100(1-4):255-292
Saka S,Uysal I,Akmaz R M,Kaliwoda M,Hochleitner R.2014.The effects of partial melting,melt-mantle interaction and fractionation on ophiolite generation:Constraints from the late Cretaceous Pozant-Karsantophiolite,southern Turkey.Lithos,202-203:300-316
Shi R D,Griffin W L,O'Reilly S Y,Huang Q S,Zhang X R,Liu D L,Zhi X C,Xia Q X,Ding L.2012.Melt/mantle mixing produces podiform chromite deposits in ophiolites:Implications of Re-Os systematics in the Dongqiao Neo-tethyan ophiolite,northern Tibet.Gondwana Research,21(1):194-206
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Takahashi N.1992.Evidence for melt segregation towards fractures in the Horoman mantle peridotite complex.Nature,359(6390):52-55
Uysal I,Zaccarini F,Garuti G,Meisel T,Tarkian M,Bernhardt H J,Sadiklar M B.2007.Ophiolitic chromitites from the Kahramanmara area,Southeastern Turkey:Their platinum-group elements(PGE)geochemistry,mineralogy and Os-isotope signature.Ofioliti,32(2):151-161
Wang Y F,Ren H P,Jin Z M.2016.Water and fabric in an ophiolitic peridotite from a supra-subduction zone.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,171:22
Xiong F H,Yang J S,Robinson P T,Dilek Y,Milushi I,Xu X Z,Chen Y H,Zhou W D,Zhang Z M,Lai S M,Tian Y Z,Huang Z.2015a.Petrology and geochemistry of high Cr#podiform chromitites of Bulqiza,Eastern Mirdita Ophiolite(EMO),Albania.Ore Geology Reviews,70:188-207
Xiong F H,Yang J S,Robinson P T,Xu X Z,Liu Z,Li Y,Li J Y,Chen S Y.2015b.Origin of podiform chromitite,a new model based on the Luobusa ophiolite,Tibet.Gondwana Research,27(2):525-542
Xiong F H,Yang J S,Robinson P T,Xu X Z,Liu Z,Zhou W D,Feng G Y,Xu J F,Li J,Niu X L.2017.High-Al and high-Cr podiform chromitites from the western Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone,Tibet:Implications from mineralogy and geochemistry of chromian spinel,and platinum-group elements.Ore Geology Reviews,80:1020-1041
Xu X,Yang J,Robinson P T,Xiong F,Ba D,Guo G.2015.Origin of ultrahigh pressure and highly reduced minerals in podiform chromitites and associated mantle peridotites of the Luobusa ophiolite,Tibet.Gondwana Research,27:686-700
Yamamoto S,Komiya T,Hirose K,Maruyama S.2009.Coesite and clinopyroxene exsolution lamellae in chromites:In-situ ultrahigh-pressure evidence from podiform chromitites in the Luobusa ophiolite,southern Tibet.Lithos,109(3-4):314-322
Yang J S,Robinson P T,Dilek Y.2014.Diamonds in ophiolites.Elements,10(2):127-130
Yoshikawa M,Nakamura E.2000.Geochemical evolution of the Horoman peridotite complex:Implications for melt extraction,metasomatism,and compositional layering in the mantle.Journal of Geophysical Research,105(B2):2879-2901
Zhou M F,Bai W J.1992.Chromite deposits in China and their origin.Mineralium Deposita,27(3):192-199
Zhou M F,Robinson P T,Malpas J,Edwards S J,Qi L.2005.REE and PGE geochemical constraints on the formation of dunites in the Luobusa ophiolite,southern Tibet.Journal of Petrology,46(3):615-639
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Arai S.1994.Characterization of spinel peridotites by olivine-spinel compositional relationships:Review and interpretation.Chemical Geology,113(3-4):191-204
Arai S.2013.Conversion of low-pressure chromitites to ultrahighpressure chromitites by deep recycling:A good inference.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,379:81-87
AugéT,Johan Z.1988.Comparative study of chromite deposits from Troodos,Vourinos,north Oman and new Caledonia ophiolites.In:Boissonnas J,Omenetto P(eds.).Mineral Deposits within the European Community.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,6:267-288
Beqiraj A,Masi U,Violo M.2000.Geochemical characterization of podiform chromite ores from the ultramafic massif of Bulqiza(eastern Ophiolitic belt,Albania)and hints for exploration.Exploration and Mining Geology,9(2):149-156
Bizimis M,Salters V J M,Bonatti E.2000.Trace and REE content of clinopyroxenes from supra-subduction zone peridotites.Implications for melting and enrichment processes in island arcs.Chemical Geology,165(1-2):67-85
Büchl A,Brügmann G,Batanova V G.2004.Formation of podiform chromitite deposits:Implications from PGE abundances and Os isotopic compositions of chromites from the Troodos complex,Cyprus.Chemical Geology,208(1-4):217-232
Coleman R G.1977.Ophiolites:Ancient oceanic lithosphere?New York:Springer-Verlag
Dick H J B,Bullen T.1984.Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator in abyssal and alpine-type peridotites and spatially associated lavas.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,86(1):54-76
Economou-Eliopoulos M,Vacondios I.1995.Geochemistry of chromitites and host rocks from the Pindos ophiolite complex,northwestern Greece.Chemical Geology,122(1-4):99-108
Economou-Eliopoulos M.1996.Platinum-group element distribution in chromite ores from ophiolite complexes:Implications for their exploration.Ore Geology Reviews,11(6):363-381
Frey F A,Shimizu N,Leinbach A,Obata M,Takazawa E.1991.Compositional variations within the lower layered zone of the Horoman Peridotite,Hokkaido,Japan:Constraints on models for melt-solid segregation.Journal of Petrology,2:211-227
Garuti G,Pushkarev E V,Thalhammer O A R,Zaccarini F.2012.Chromitites of the Urals(Part 1):Overview of chromite mineral chemistry and geotectonic setting.Ofioliti,37(1):27-53
Grammatikopoulos T A,Kapsiotis A,Tsikouras B,Hatzipanagiotou K,Zaccarini F,Garuti G.2011.Spinel composition,PGE geochemistry and mineralogy of the chromitites from the Vourinos ophiolite complex,nort
Gruau G,Bernard-Griffiths J,Lécuyer C.1998.The origin of U-shaped rare earth patterns in ophiolite peridotites:Assessing the role of secondary alteration and melt/rock reaction.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,62(21-22):3545-3560
hwestern Greece.The Canadian Mineralogist,49(6):1571-1598
Kapsiotis A N.2016a.Physiognomy and timing of metasomatism in the southern Vourinos ultramafic suite,NW Greece:A chronicle of consecutive episodes of melt extraction and stagnation in the Neotethyan lithospheric mantle.International Journal of Earth Sciences,105(3):983-1013
Kapsiotis A N.2016b.Mineralogy,geochemistry and geotectonic significance of harzburgites from the southern Dramala upper mantle suite,Pindos ophiolite complex,NW Greece.Geological Journal,51(2):236-262
Lécuyer C.1990.Chemical transfer between mantle xenoliths and basic magmas:Evidence from oceanic magma chambers.The Trinity ophiolite(northern California).Lithos,25(4):243-259
Matveev S,Ballhaus C.2002.Role of water in the origin of podiform chromitite deposits.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,203(1):235-243
Niu Y L.2004.Bulk-rock major and trace element compositions of abyssal peridotites:Implications for mantle melting,melt extraction and post-melting processes beneath mid-ocean ridges.Journal of Petrology,45(12):2423-2458
PagéP,Bédard J H,Schroetter J M,Tremblay A.2008.Mantle petrology and mineralogy of the Thetford mines ophiolite complex.Lithos,100(1-4):255-292
Saka S,Uysal I,Akmaz R M,Kaliwoda M,Hochleitner R.2014.The effects of partial melting,melt-mantle interaction and fractionation on ophiolite generation:Constraints from the late Cretaceous Pozant-Karsantophiolite,southern Turkey.Lithos,202-203:300-316
Shi R D,Griffin W L,O'Reilly S Y,Huang Q S,Zhang X R,Liu D L,Zhi X C,Xia Q X,Ding L.2012.Melt/mantle mixing produces podiform chromite deposits in ophiolites:Implications of Re-Os systematics in the Dongqiao Neo-tethyan ophiolite,northern Tibet.Gondwana Research,21(1):194-206
Sun S S,Mc Donough W F.1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:Implications for mantle composition and processes.Geological Society,42(1):313-345
Takahashi N.1992.Evidence for melt segregation towards fractures in the Horoman mantle peridotite complex.Nature,359(6390):52-55
Uysal I,Zaccarini F,Garuti G,Meisel T,Tarkian M,Bernhardt H J,Sadiklar M B.2007.Ophiolitic chromitites from the Kahramanmara area,Southeastern Turkey:Their platinum-group elements(PGE)geochemistry,mineralogy and Os-isotope signature.Ofioliti,32(2):151-161
Wang Y F,Ren H P,Jin Z M.2016.Water and fabric in an ophiolitic peridotite from a supra-subduction zone.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,171:22
Xiong F H,Yang J S,Robinson P T,Dilek Y,Milushi I,Xu X Z,Chen Y H,Zhou W D,Zhang Z M,Lai S M,Tian Y Z,Huang Z.2015a.Petrology and geochemistry of high Cr#podiform chromitites of Bulqiza,Eastern Mirdita Ophiolite(EMO),Albania.Ore Geology Reviews,70:188-207
Xiong F H,Yang J S,Robinson P T,Xu X Z,Liu Z,Li Y,Li J Y,Chen S Y.2015b.Origin of podiform chromitite,a new model based on the Luobusa ophiolite,Tibet.Gondwana Research,27(2):525-542
Xiong F H,Yang J S,Robinson P T,Xu X Z,Liu Z,Zhou W D,Feng G Y,Xu J F,Li J,Niu X L.2017.High-Al and high-Cr podiform chromitites from the western Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone,Tibet:Implications from mineralogy and geochemistry of chromian spinel,and platinum-group elements.Ore Geology Reviews,80:1020-1041
Xu X,Yang J,Robinson P T,Xiong F,Ba D,Guo G.2015.Origin of ultrahigh pressure and highly reduced minerals in podiform chromitites and associated mantle peridotites of the Luobusa ophiolite,Tibet.Gondwana Research,27:686-700
Yamamoto S,Komiya T,Hirose K,Maruyama S.2009.Coesite and clinopyroxene exsolution lamellae in chromites:In-situ ultrahigh-pressure evidence from podiform chromitites in the Luobusa ophiolite,southern Tibet.Lithos,109(3-4):314-322
Yang J S,Robinson P T,Dilek Y.2014.Diamonds in ophiolites.Elements,10(2):127-130
Yoshikawa M,Nakamura E.2000.Geochemical evolution of the Horoman peridotite complex:Implications for melt extraction,metasomatism,and compositional layering in the mantle.Journal of Geophysical Research,105(B2):2879-2901
Zhou M F,Bai W J.1992.Chromite deposits in China and their origin.Mineralium Deposita,27(3):192-199
Zhou M F,Robinson P T,Malpas J,Edwards S J,Qi L.2005.REE and PGE geochemical constraints on the formation of dunites in the Luobusa ophiolite,southern Tibet.Journal of Petrology,46(3):615-639
Zhou M F,Robinson P T,Malpas J,Li Z J.1996.Podiform chromitites in the Luobusa ophiolite(southern Tibet):Implications for meltrock interaction and chromite segregation in the upper mantle.Journal of Petrology,37(1):3-21
Zhou M F,Robinson P T.1994.High-Cr and high-Al podiform chromitites,western china:Relationship to partial melting and melt/rock reaction in the upper mantle.International Geology Review,36(7):678-686
Zhou M F,Robinson P T.1997.Origin and tectonic environment of podiform chromite deposits.Economic Geology,92(2):259-262.
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