脲酶硝化双抑制剂缓释肥对土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
为研究氮肥合理运筹及黄瓜高产高效优质安全生产问题,采用土培试验研究自制黄瓜专用脲酶硝化双抑制剂缓释肥(CSRF1和CSRF2)对土壤氮磷钾含量、土壤酶活性及黄瓜产量、氮磷钾养分含量的影响。结果显示:与普通复合肥相比,2种专用缓释肥降低了土壤脲酶活性,分别较其他处理降低了8.15%～40.1%;土壤过氧化氢酶活性比其他处理分别增加了14.3%～135.7%;土壤磷酸酶活性和蔗糖酶活性也较其他施肥处理增加了16.6%～29.9%和24.6%～61.5%;土壤有机质含量比其他处理增加了1.98%～26.06%。2种专用脲酶硝化双抑制剂缓释肥(CSRF1和CSRF2)显著提高了黄瓜产量(果实干物质量),分别较普通复合肥(OCF)、商品缓释肥(MSRF)和黄瓜专用肥(CCF)处理分别增加了59.1%、30.3%、33.8%(CSRF1)和46.2%、19.7%、22.9%(CSRF2),且黄瓜产量在各处理之间的差异达到显著水平。2种专用缓释肥(CSRF1和CSRF2)在脲酶硝化双抑制剂的作用下,延缓了肥料中氮素养分的释放,增加黄瓜植株对氮磷钾养分的吸收。
The paper aims to study the rational management of nitrogen fertilizer and safety issues in high yield and high quality cucumber production, and provide a basis for improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Special slow-release fertilizers containing urease inhibitor(NBPT) and nitrification inhibitor(DCD)were produced according to the nutrient requirements of cucumber. Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of vegetables slow-release fertilizers on NPK contents and enzymes activities in soil, and cucumber yield and NPK contents. The results showed that compared with other treatments, two kinds of special slowrelease fertilizers(CSRF1 and CSRF2) reduced soil urease activity by 8.15%-40.1%; increased soil catalase activity by 14.3%-135.7%; increased soil phosphatase activity and invertase activity by 16.6%-29.9% and24.6%-61.5%; and increased the content of soil organic matter by 1.98%-26.06%. The two kinds of special slow release fertilizers respectively increased the cucumber yield by 59.1%, 30.3%, 33.8%(CSRF1), and46.2%, 19.7% and 22.9%(CSRF2) compared with treatments of ordinary compound fertilizer(OCF),merchandise slow release fertilizer(MSRF) and compound fertilizers for cucumber(CCF), respectively, and significant difference of cucumber yield was observed among different fertilizer treatments. Due to the flat nutrient release rate, and the urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor, the two special release fertilizers(CSRF2 and CSRF1) could increase NPK contents in cucumber and raise cucumber yield.
The paper aims to study the rational management of nitrogen fertilizer and safety issues in high yield and high quality cucumber production, and provide a basis for improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Special slow-release fertilizers containing urease inhibitor(NBPT) and nitrification inhibitor(DCD)were produced according to the nutrient requirements of cucumber. Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of vegetables slow-release fertilizers on NPK contents and enzymes activities in soil, and cucumber yield and NPK contents. The results showed that compared with other treatments, two kinds of special slowrelease fertilizers(CSRF1 and CSRF2) reduced soil urease activity by 8.15%-40.1%; increased soil catalase activity by 14.3%-135.7%; increased soil phosphatase activity and invertase activity by 16.6%-29.9% and24.6%-61.5%; and increased the content of soil organic matter by 1.98%-26.06%. The two kinds of special slow release fertilizers respectively increased the cucumber yield by 59.1%, 30.3%, 33.8%(CSRF1), and46.2%, 19.7% and 22.9%(CSRF2) compared with treatments of ordinary compound fertilizer(OCF),merchandise slow release fertilizer(MSRF) and compound fertilizers for cucumber(CCF), respectively, and significant difference of cucumber yield was observed among different fertilizer treatments. Due to the flat nutrient release rate, and the urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor, the two special release fertilizers(CSRF2 and CSRF1) could increase NPK contents in cucumber and raise cucumber yield.
引文
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[11]曹银珠,赵同科,刘树庆,等.脲酶/硝化抑制剂双控过程中硝化抑制尿素分解效应[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):143-147.
[12]张昌爱,张民,陈凌霞,等.控释肥硫膜对酸性棕壤淋溶特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(3):21-24.
[13]张庆利,张民,田维彬.包膜控释和常用氮肥氮素淋溶特征及其对土水质量的影响[J].土壤与环境,2001,10(2):98-103.
[14]杜学初,谭德水,江丽华,等.缓/控释氮肥对主要粮食作物及环境影响研究进展[J].农学学报,2014,4(6):27-31.
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[16]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:260-344.
[17]刘备,张民,张务帅,等.控释氮肥对基质栽培番茄产量和品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):232-237.
[18]魏海燕,李宏亮,程金秋,等.缓释肥类型与运筹对不同穗型水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(5):730-740.
[19]杨杰,张民,耿计彪,等.铜基营养保护剂及控释钾肥配合施用对黄瓜产量和品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):138-142.
[20]王睿,刘汝亮,赵天成,等.缓/控释肥侧条施用对水稻产量与农学性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(6):1-5.
[21]周宝元,王新兵,王志敏,等.不同耕作方式下缓释肥对夏玉米产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(3):821-829.
[22]邢晓鸣,李小春,丁艳锋,等.缓控释肥组配对机插常规粳稻群体物质生产和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(24):4892-4902.
[23]赵欢,张萌,秦松,等.贵州黄壤小白菜生长、品质、光合特性及氮素利用对新型肥料的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(10):1320-1327.
[24]邱永祥,谢小珍,蔡南通,等.不同氮素及硝化抑制剂对叶菜用甘薯光合特性、茎叶产量及硝酸盐含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(12):58-63.
[25]王崇力,韩桂琪,徐卫红,等.专用缓释肥的土壤氨挥发特性及其对辣椒氮磷钾吸收利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(2):143-150.
[26]汪帆.袋控施肥对甘蔗生长效应和土壤养分量的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2016.
[27]郭腾飞.施肥对稻麦轮作体系温室气体排放及土壤微生物特性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[28]李芳,信秀丽,张丛志,等.长期不同施肥处理对华北潮土酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2015(6):984-991.
[29]卢家柱.缓释氮肥用量对茄子生长生理及养分利用的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.
[30]蒋晓梅,彭福田,张江红,等.肥料袋控缓释对桃树土壤酶活性及植株生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):279-284.
[2]李彦华,孙立飞,徐卫红,等.专用缓释肥料对黄瓜产量品质及N,P,K养分吸收利用的影响[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,39(7):1-10.
[3]赵婉伊,徐卫红.脲酶-硝化抑制剂缓释肥对不同土壤氮素释放特性及黄瓜NPK吸收利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):250-257.
[4]宋燕燕.负压灌溉下硝化/脲酶抑制剂对蔬菜生长及土壤氮素转化的影响研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2016.
[5]李玥,李应洪,赵建红,等.缓控释氮肥对机插稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2015,41(6):673-684.
[6]曹明,宋媛媛,樊小林.控释氮钾比例对香蕉产量及氮磷钾肥料利用率的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2012(11):35-41.
[7]王崇力.专用缓释肥料氮素释放特性及对番茄、黄瓜产量和品质的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[8]张文学,杨成春,王少先,等.脲酶抑制剂与硝化抑制剂对稻田土壤氮素转化的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2017(4):417-424.
[9]周旋,吴良欢,戴锋.新型磷酰胺类脲酶抑制剂对不同质地土壤尿素转化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(12):4003-4012.
[10]王国强,孙焕明,彭婧,等.生物硝化抑制剂应用研究进展[J].农业科学与技术,2016,17(10):2232-2237,2241.
[11]曹银珠,赵同科,刘树庆,等.脲酶/硝化抑制剂双控过程中硝化抑制尿素分解效应[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):143-147.
[12]张昌爱,张民,陈凌霞,等.控释肥硫膜对酸性棕壤淋溶特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(3):21-24.
[13]张庆利,张民,田维彬.包膜控释和常用氮肥氮素淋溶特征及其对土水质量的影响[J].土壤与环境,2001,10(2):98-103.
[14]杜学初,谭德水,江丽华,等.缓/控释氮肥对主要粮食作物及环境影响研究进展[J].农学学报,2014,4(6):27-31.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:14-118.
[16]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:260-344.
[17]刘备,张民,张务帅,等.控释氮肥对基质栽培番茄产量和品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):232-237.
[18]魏海燕,李宏亮,程金秋,等.缓释肥类型与运筹对不同穗型水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(5):730-740.
[19]杨杰,张民,耿计彪,等.铜基营养保护剂及控释钾肥配合施用对黄瓜产量和品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):138-142.
[20]王睿,刘汝亮,赵天成,等.缓/控释肥侧条施用对水稻产量与农学性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(6):1-5.
[21]周宝元,王新兵,王志敏,等.不同耕作方式下缓释肥对夏玉米产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(3):821-829.
[22]邢晓鸣,李小春,丁艳锋,等.缓控释肥组配对机插常规粳稻群体物质生产和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(24):4892-4902.
[23]赵欢,张萌,秦松,等.贵州黄壤小白菜生长、品质、光合特性及氮素利用对新型肥料的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(10):1320-1327.
[24]邱永祥,谢小珍,蔡南通,等.不同氮素及硝化抑制剂对叶菜用甘薯光合特性、茎叶产量及硝酸盐含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(12):58-63.
[25]王崇力,韩桂琪,徐卫红,等.专用缓释肥的土壤氨挥发特性及其对辣椒氮磷钾吸收利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(2):143-150.
[26]汪帆.袋控施肥对甘蔗生长效应和土壤养分量的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2016.
[27]郭腾飞.施肥对稻麦轮作体系温室气体排放及土壤微生物特性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[28]李芳,信秀丽,张丛志,等.长期不同施肥处理对华北潮土酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2015(6):984-991.
[29]卢家柱.缓释氮肥用量对茄子生长生理及养分利用的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.
[30]蒋晓梅,彭福田,张江红,等.肥料袋控缓释对桃树土壤酶活性及植株生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):279-284.