沉管隧道管节柔性接头模型研究现状及展望
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摘要
沉管隧道柔性接头柔度较大,能够适应软弱河床引起的不均匀沉降,并满足抗震要求,在实际工程中应用广泛。然而,柔性接头部件繁多,作用复杂,模型建立较为困难,造成沉管隧道静力及动力分析结果不准确。文章介绍了沉管隧道管节接头类型及柔性接头基本构造,从理论计算模型和数值计算模型两方面对国内外研究现状进行了回顾总结,简述了多种柔性接头模型作用机理,分析其合理性及不足之处,并对今后柔性接头模型研究提出了建议,包括:尝试采用接头模型试验研究方法,使结果更为直观;考虑主要接头部件,添加合理初始条件,建议采用数值解对柔性接头刚度进行描述;采用多种研究方法对比分析或多种接头模型对比分析,验证接头模型的可靠性。
The flexible joint of an immersed tube tunnel,which has large flexibility,can adapt to the uneven settlement caused by soft riverbed and meet the aseismic requirements and so has been widely used in practical engineering.However,it is difficult to build a model since there are many parts for the flexible joint and the functions are complex,thus the results of static and dynamic analysis are not accurate.In this paper,the types of joints and basic structures of flexible joints of the immersed tube tunnel were introduced,relevant review and summarization of the present status of research on flexible joint models both at home and abroad were presented with respects to theoretical calculation models and numerical calculation models,the function mechanisms of various kinds of models for flexible joints were described and the rationality and disadvantages were analyzed,finally some suggestions were proposed regarding the research of flexible joint model.Specifically,the model test of joints may be taken to make the results to be more intuitive;the main joint parts were considered and reasonable initial conditions were input,the stiffness of flexible joints was described by numerical solution;the reliability of joint models was verified by contrastive analysis with various research methods or models.
The flexible joint of an immersed tube tunnel,which has large flexibility,can adapt to the uneven settlement caused by soft riverbed and meet the aseismic requirements and so has been widely used in practical engineering.However,it is difficult to build a model since there are many parts for the flexible joint and the functions are complex,thus the results of static and dynamic analysis are not accurate.In this paper,the types of joints and basic structures of flexible joints of the immersed tube tunnel were introduced,relevant review and summarization of the present status of research on flexible joint models both at home and abroad were presented with respects to theoretical calculation models and numerical calculation models,the function mechanisms of various kinds of models for flexible joints were described and the rationality and disadvantages were analyzed,finally some suggestions were proposed regarding the research of flexible joint model.Specifically,the model test of joints may be taken to make the results to be more intuitive;the main joint parts were considered and reasonable initial conditions were input,the stiffness of flexible joints was described by numerical solution;the reliability of joint models was verified by contrastive analysis with various research methods or models.
引文
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[3]宁茂权.沈家门港海底沉管隧道设计介绍[J].现代隧道技术, 2008, 45(6):61-69.NINGMaoquan.DesignofShenjiamengangUnderseaImmersed
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[5]邢建见.考虑临时支撑垫块的沉管隧道管段结构静力计算方法研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2016.XING Jianjian. Study of the Static Force Calculation Method of Immersed Tunnel Structure Considering Temporary Cushion BlockSupport[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2016.
[6]管敏鑫,万晓燕,唐英.沉管隧道的作用、作用组合与工况[J].世界隧道, 1999,(1):4-9.GUAN Minxin, WAN Xiaoyan, TANG Ying. Loads, Load Combination and Construction Conditions of Immersed Tunnel[J]. WorldTunnelling, 1999,(1):4-9.
[7]万晓燕,管敏鑫.沉管隧道段的结构计算与分析[J].世界隧道, 1999,(3):19-22.WAN Xiaoyan, GUAN Minxin. Constitutive Calculation and Analysis of Immersed Tube Element[J]. World Tunnelling, 1999,(3):19-22.
[8]李剑,李清富,李冰.沉管隧道沉降控制的计算分析[J].郑州大学学报(工学版), 2002, 23(3):94-97.LI Jian, LI Qingfu, LI Bing. Calculation and Analysis of Settlement of Immersed Tunnels Controlling[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou Uni?versity(Engineering Science), 2002, 23(3):94-97.
[9]苏勤卫.海底沉管隧道管段沉降与应变研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2015.SU Qinwei. Study on Pipe Settlement and Strain of Undersea Immersed Tube Tunnel[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2015.
[10]禹海涛,袁勇,刘洪洲,等.沉管隧道接头力学模型及刚度解析表达式[J].工程力学, 2014, 31(6):145-150.YU Haitao, YUAN Yong, LIU Hongzhou, et al. Mechanical Model and Analytical Solution for Stiffness in the Joints of anImmsered-tube Tunnel[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2014, 31(6):145-150.
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[13] ANASTASOPOULOSI,GEROILMOSN,DROSOSV,etal.NonlinearResponseofDeepImmersedTunneltoStrongSeismicShaking[J]. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007, 133(9):1067-1090.
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[15]张旭,赵国勇,叶冠林,等.沉管接头简化方法及三维抗震有限元分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2011,7(增1):1292-1297+402.ZHANG Xu, ZHAO Guoyong, YE Guanlin, et al. Simplified Method and Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Quake-proof for Immersed Tube Tunnel Joints[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2011, 7(S1):1292-1297+402.
[16]王艳宁,张兴业,袁有为,等.沉管隧道有限元与等效质点抗震分析比较[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2011, 7(5):869-876.WANG Yanning, ZHANG Xingye, YUAN Youwei, et al. Comparison of Seismic Analyses by Finite Element Method and EquivalentMass-springMethodonImmersedTubeTunnel[J].ChineseJournalofUndergroundSpaceandEngineering, 2011,7(5):869-876.
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[18]陈清军,朱合华,李彤,等.沉管隧道结构的空间受力性态分析[J].力学季刊, 2000, 21(2):237-242.CHEN Qingjun, ZHU Hehua, LI Tong, et al. The 3D Internal Force Analysis of Immersed Tunnel Structure[J]. Chinese Quarterly ofMechanics, 2000, 21(2):237-242.
[19]黄明华.甬江水底隧道运行性能分析与健康监测系统设计实现[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2008.HUANG Minghua. Running Performance Analysis and Health Monitoring System Design of Yongjiang Underwater Tunnel[D]. Har?bin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2008.
[20]刘建飞,贺维国,曾进群.静力作用下沉管隧道三维数值模拟[J].现代隧道技术, 2007, 44(1):5-9.LIUJianfei,HEWeiguo,ZENGJinqun.Three-dimensionalSimiulationfortheStaticBehaviorofImmersedTubeTunnels[J].ModernTunnelling Technology, 2007, 44(1):5-9.
[21]陈海军.沉管隧道主体结构设计关键技术分析研究[J].隧道建设, 2007, 27(1):46-50+69.CHEN Haijun. Analysis and Study on Key Technologies in Design of Main Body of Immersed Tunnels[J]. Tunnel Construction,2007, 27(1):46-50+69.
[22]宾胜林.沉管隧道节段接头力学行为试验研究与理论分析[D].西安:长安大学, 2013.BIN Shenglin. The Experimental Study and Theoretical Analysis on Mechanical Behavior of Immersed Tube Tunnel Section Joint[D]. Xi′an:Chang′an University, 2013.
[23]丁峻宏,金先龙,郭毅之,等.沉管隧道地震响应的三维非线性数值模拟方法及应用[J].振动与冲击, 2005, 24(5):18-22.DING Junhong, JIN Xianlong, GUO Yizhi, et al. 3D Numerical Simulation Method and Its Application in Calculation of Seismic Re?sponse of Immersed Tunnel[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2005, 24(5):18-22.
[24] DING J H, JIN X L, GUO Y Z, et al. Numerical Simulation for Large-scale Seismic Response Analysis of Immersed Tunnel[J]. En?gineering Structures, 2006, 28(10):1367-1377.
[25]郭毅之,金先龙,丁峻宏,等.沉管隧道地震响应分析中的三维接触模型与算法研究[J].应用力学学报, 2006, 23(1):48-52.GUO Yizhi, JIN Xianlong, DING Junhong, et al. Three-dimensional Contact Model and Algorithm for Earthquake Response of Im?mersed Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2006, 23(1):48-52.
[26]刘鹏,丁文其,杨波.深水超长沉管隧道接头及止水带地震响应[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 41(7):984-988.LIU Peng, DING Wenqi, YANG Bo. Joints and Gasket Seismic Response of Deepwater Long Immersed Tube Tunnels[J]. Journal ofTongji University(Natural Science), 2013, 41(7):984-988.
[27]胡指南,谢永利,张宏光,等.沉管节段接头剪力键三维数值力学特性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2015, 11(2):429-434.HU Zhinan, XIE Yongli, ZHANG Hongguang, et al. Research on Mechanical Characteristics of Segment Joint Shear Keys of Im?mersed Tunnel by Three Dimensional Numerical Method[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2015, 11(2):429-434.
[28]陈韶章,陈越,张弥.沉管隧道设计与施工[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002.CHEN Shaozhang, CHEN Yue, ZHANG Mi. Design and Construction of Immersed Tube Tunnels[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2002.
[29]薛勇.沉管隧道接头研究[J].特种结构, 2003, 20(3):4-8.XUE Yong. Study of Immersed Tube Tunnel Joint[J]. Special Structures, 2003, 20(3):4-8.
[30] KIYOMIYA O. Earthquake-resistant Design Features of Immersed Tunnels in Japan[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Tech?nology, 1995, 10(4):463-475.
[31]魏纲,裘慧杰,杨泽飞,等.考虑回淤的沉管隧道基础层压缩模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014, 36(8):1544-1552.WEIGang,QIUHuijie,YANGZefei,etal.ModelTestsonCompressionofBaseLayerofImmersedTubeTunnelsConsideringSiltation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2014, 36(8):1544-1552.
[32]魏纲,裘慧杰,魏新江.沉管隧道施工期间与工后长期沉降的数据分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2013, 32(增2):3413-3420.WEI Gang, QIU Huijie, WEI Xinjiang. Analysis of Construction and Post-construction Settlement Data Caused by Immersed Tun?nel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2013, 32(S2):3413-3420.
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[34]周舟,丁文其,刘洪洲,等.预应力锚索对沉管隧道接头力学特性影响研究[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2015, 11(增1):24-29.ZHOU Zhou, DING Wenqi, LIU Hongzhou, et al. Study on the Influence of Prestressed Anchor Cable on the Mechanical Behaviorof Joints in Immersed Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2015, 11(S1):24-29.
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[2]史先伟,杜孔泽.广州鱼珠至长洲岛越江隧道工程方案论证[J].铁道标准设计, 2007,(增2):12-15.SHI Xianwei, DU Kongze. Discussion on Scheme of River-crossing Tunnel Engineering from Yuzhu to Changzhou Island in Guang?zhou[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2007,(S2):12-15.
[3]宁茂权.沈家门港海底沉管隧道设计介绍[J].现代隧道技术, 2008, 45(6):61-69.NINGMaoquan.DesignofShenjiamengangUnderseaImmersed
[4]魏纲,朱昕光,苏勤卫.沉管隧道竖向不均匀沉降的计算方法及分布研究[J].现代隧道技术, 2013, 50(6):58-65.WEI Gang, ZHU Xinguang, SU Qinwei. Calculation and Distribution of Vertical Differential Settlement in Immersed Tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2013, 50(6):58-65.
[5]邢建见.考虑临时支撑垫块的沉管隧道管段结构静力计算方法研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2016.XING Jianjian. Study of the Static Force Calculation Method of Immersed Tunnel Structure Considering Temporary Cushion BlockSupport[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2016.
[6]管敏鑫,万晓燕,唐英.沉管隧道的作用、作用组合与工况[J].世界隧道, 1999,(1):4-9.GUAN Minxin, WAN Xiaoyan, TANG Ying. Loads, Load Combination and Construction Conditions of Immersed Tunnel[J]. WorldTunnelling, 1999,(1):4-9.
[7]万晓燕,管敏鑫.沉管隧道段的结构计算与分析[J].世界隧道, 1999,(3):19-22.WAN Xiaoyan, GUAN Minxin. Constitutive Calculation and Analysis of Immersed Tube Element[J]. World Tunnelling, 1999,(3):19-22.
[8]李剑,李清富,李冰.沉管隧道沉降控制的计算分析[J].郑州大学学报(工学版), 2002, 23(3):94-97.LI Jian, LI Qingfu, LI Bing. Calculation and Analysis of Settlement of Immersed Tunnels Controlling[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou Uni?versity(Engineering Science), 2002, 23(3):94-97.
[9]苏勤卫.海底沉管隧道管段沉降与应变研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2015.SU Qinwei. Study on Pipe Settlement and Strain of Undersea Immersed Tube Tunnel[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2015.
[10]禹海涛,袁勇,刘洪洲,等.沉管隧道接头力学模型及刚度解析表达式[J].工程力学, 2014, 31(6):145-150.YU Haitao, YUAN Yong, LIU Hongzhou, et al. Mechanical Model and Analytical Solution for Stiffness in the Joints of anImmsered-tube Tunnel[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2014, 31(6):145-150.
[11]杨辉,陆建飞,王建华,等.黄浦江过江隧道的动力抗震分析[J].上海交通大学学报, 2001, 35(10):1512-1516.YANG Hui, LU Jianfei, WANG Jianhua, et al. Vibration Analysis of a Subaqueous Tunnel of Huangpu River during Earthquake[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2001, 35(10):1512-1516.
[12]严松宏,高峰,李德武,等.沉管隧道地震响应分析若干问题的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2004, 23(5):846-850.YAN Songhong, GAO Feng, LI Dewu, et al. Studies on Some Issues of Siesmic Response Analyses for Submerged Tunnel[J]. Chi?nese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004, 23(5):846-850.
[13] ANASTASOPOULOSI,GEROILMOSN,DROSOSV,etal.NonlinearResponseofDeepImmersedTunneltoStrongSeismicShaking[J]. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007, 133(9):1067-1090.
[14] ANASTASOPOULOS I, GEROILMOS N, D ROSOS V, et al. Behaviour of Deep Immersed Tunnel under Combined Normal FaultRupture Deformation and Subsequent Seismic Shaking[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2008, 6(2):213-239.
[15]张旭,赵国勇,叶冠林,等.沉管接头简化方法及三维抗震有限元分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2011,7(增1):1292-1297+402.ZHANG Xu, ZHAO Guoyong, YE Guanlin, et al. Simplified Method and Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Quake-proof for Immersed Tube Tunnel Joints[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2011, 7(S1):1292-1297+402.
[16]王艳宁,张兴业,袁有为,等.沉管隧道有限元与等效质点抗震分析比较[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2011, 7(5):869-876.WANG Yanning, ZHANG Xingye, YUAN Youwei, et al. Comparison of Seismic Analyses by Finite Element Method and EquivalentMass-springMethodonImmersedTubeTunnel[J].ChineseJournalofUndergroundSpaceandEngineering, 2011,7(5):869-876.
[17]刘鹏,丁文其,杨波.考虑接头力学特性的沉管隧道计算方法[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 45(6):1983-1991.LIU Peng, DING Wenqi, YANG Bo. Calculation Method of Immersed Tube Tunnel Considering Mechanical Characteristics ofJoints[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2014, 45(6):1983-1991.
[18]陈清军,朱合华,李彤,等.沉管隧道结构的空间受力性态分析[J].力学季刊, 2000, 21(2):237-242.CHEN Qingjun, ZHU Hehua, LI Tong, et al. The 3D Internal Force Analysis of Immersed Tunnel Structure[J]. Chinese Quarterly ofMechanics, 2000, 21(2):237-242.
[19]黄明华.甬江水底隧道运行性能分析与健康监测系统设计实现[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2008.HUANG Minghua. Running Performance Analysis and Health Monitoring System Design of Yongjiang Underwater Tunnel[D]. Har?bin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2008.
[20]刘建飞,贺维国,曾进群.静力作用下沉管隧道三维数值模拟[J].现代隧道技术, 2007, 44(1):5-9.LIUJianfei,HEWeiguo,ZENGJinqun.Three-dimensionalSimiulationfortheStaticBehaviorofImmersedTubeTunnels[J].ModernTunnelling Technology, 2007, 44(1):5-9.
[21]陈海军.沉管隧道主体结构设计关键技术分析研究[J].隧道建设, 2007, 27(1):46-50+69.CHEN Haijun. Analysis and Study on Key Technologies in Design of Main Body of Immersed Tunnels[J]. Tunnel Construction,2007, 27(1):46-50+69.
[22]宾胜林.沉管隧道节段接头力学行为试验研究与理论分析[D].西安:长安大学, 2013.BIN Shenglin. The Experimental Study and Theoretical Analysis on Mechanical Behavior of Immersed Tube Tunnel Section Joint[D]. Xi′an:Chang′an University, 2013.
[23]丁峻宏,金先龙,郭毅之,等.沉管隧道地震响应的三维非线性数值模拟方法及应用[J].振动与冲击, 2005, 24(5):18-22.DING Junhong, JIN Xianlong, GUO Yizhi, et al. 3D Numerical Simulation Method and Its Application in Calculation of Seismic Re?sponse of Immersed Tunnel[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2005, 24(5):18-22.
[24] DING J H, JIN X L, GUO Y Z, et al. Numerical Simulation for Large-scale Seismic Response Analysis of Immersed Tunnel[J]. En?gineering Structures, 2006, 28(10):1367-1377.
[25]郭毅之,金先龙,丁峻宏,等.沉管隧道地震响应分析中的三维接触模型与算法研究[J].应用力学学报, 2006, 23(1):48-52.GUO Yizhi, JIN Xianlong, DING Junhong, et al. Three-dimensional Contact Model and Algorithm for Earthquake Response of Im?mersed Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2006, 23(1):48-52.
[26]刘鹏,丁文其,杨波.深水超长沉管隧道接头及止水带地震响应[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 41(7):984-988.LIU Peng, DING Wenqi, YANG Bo. Joints and Gasket Seismic Response of Deepwater Long Immersed Tube Tunnels[J]. Journal ofTongji University(Natural Science), 2013, 41(7):984-988.
[27]胡指南,谢永利,张宏光,等.沉管节段接头剪力键三维数值力学特性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2015, 11(2):429-434.HU Zhinan, XIE Yongli, ZHANG Hongguang, et al. Research on Mechanical Characteristics of Segment Joint Shear Keys of Im?mersed Tunnel by Three Dimensional Numerical Method[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2015, 11(2):429-434.
[28]陈韶章,陈越,张弥.沉管隧道设计与施工[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002.CHEN Shaozhang, CHEN Yue, ZHANG Mi. Design and Construction of Immersed Tube Tunnels[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2002.
[29]薛勇.沉管隧道接头研究[J].特种结构, 2003, 20(3):4-8.XUE Yong. Study of Immersed Tube Tunnel Joint[J]. Special Structures, 2003, 20(3):4-8.
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