平治河岩溶流域退水规律分析与降雨径流模拟
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摘要
以平治河岩溶流域为研究对象,分析其地下退水规律,将其划分为9个子流域,在传统新安江模型基础上,将地下径流划分为慢速和快速地下径流,分别采用两个线性水库进行模拟,构建降雨-径流模拟方案,并选取2011-2015年期间的7场洪水作为率定期洪水,以确定性系数(DC)最大为优化目标,应用遗传算法率定模型参数,而以8场洪水作为验证期洪水进行验证分析,获得率定期合格率为85.71%,平均确定性系数为0.846,验证期合格率为75%,平均确定性系数为0.893,达到乙级精度。其结果表明所构建的模拟方案能够较好地模拟该流域的径流规律。
The karst area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is widespread,with complicated hydrogeological conditions and frequent flooding occurence.The Pingzhihe river basin,which is selected as the study area,originates from Baise City of Guangxi and is a first tributary of the Red River.The main stream of the Pingzhihe river is 81 km long,with a total drainage area of 963 km~2.Karst region accounts for about 50% of the drainage area and the average annual precipitation is 1,517 mm.Combined with the structural characteristics of the karst aquifer system and the measured data,in this paper,we analyzed the pattern of groundwater drainage in Pingzhihe river basin and built a rainfall-runoff simulation program suitable for this basin.ArcGIS software is used to construct the digital basin for the study area which is divided into nine sub-basins.At the same time,based on the hydrological data of Tonglao,Liming reservoir and other 8 rainfall stations and Fengwu hydrological stations from 2010 to 2015,the research work has been carried out.Among them,six uni-modal flooding events happened in 2010 to 2015 were selected,from which their recession curves were plotted on semilog coordinates.The curves collectively show that when the logarithm of the flow rate is close to 2.5,the turning point appears.Thus two sections of the curves are linearly fitted and their attenuation coefficients can be obtained from the curve fitting.The results show that the subsurface flow can be divided into rapid and slow underground runoffs.Simplified Boussinesq exponential decay equation was used to calculate the regression coefficients for the two parts of runoffs.The extinction coefficient of rapid underground runoff KQ was 0.988-0.995 and the slow runoff extinction coefficient KL was 0.997-0.999.Based on the traditional Xin'anjiang river model with one linear reservoir,a linear reservoir is added to simulate the rapid underground runoff and the slow underground runoff,respectively,to construct a rainfallrunoff simulation program.The calculation program was compiled with Matlab 2014 software.With the maximum of the deterministic coefficient as the optimization objective,the genetic algorithm is used to determine the model parameters.7 floods from 2011 to 2015 were selected as regular analog floods,and 8 floods were selected as verified floods for runoff simulation.According to the " hydrological forecasting code(GB/T22482-2008)" assessment criteria,the qualified rate of regular analog was 85.71%,and the average coefficient of determination was 0.846;the qualified rate of verification was 75%,the average deterministic coefficient of 0.893 reached B-grade accuracy.Compared with the traditional Xin'anjiang river model,the average deterministic coefficient and qualified rate of the improved Xin'anjiang river model have been improved.The simulation results show that the simulation scheme is suitable for the Pingzhihe river basin,and can provide reference for the rainfall-runoff simulation and flood forecasting in other similar karst areas in Guangxi.
The karst area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is widespread,with complicated hydrogeological conditions and frequent flooding occurence.The Pingzhihe river basin,which is selected as the study area,originates from Baise City of Guangxi and is a first tributary of the Red River.The main stream of the Pingzhihe river is 81 km long,with a total drainage area of 963 km~2.Karst region accounts for about 50% of the drainage area and the average annual precipitation is 1,517 mm.Combined with the structural characteristics of the karst aquifer system and the measured data,in this paper,we analyzed the pattern of groundwater drainage in Pingzhihe river basin and built a rainfall-runoff simulation program suitable for this basin.ArcGIS software is used to construct the digital basin for the study area which is divided into nine sub-basins.At the same time,based on the hydrological data of Tonglao,Liming reservoir and other 8 rainfall stations and Fengwu hydrological stations from 2010 to 2015,the research work has been carried out.Among them,six uni-modal flooding events happened in 2010 to 2015 were selected,from which their recession curves were plotted on semilog coordinates.The curves collectively show that when the logarithm of the flow rate is close to 2.5,the turning point appears.Thus two sections of the curves are linearly fitted and their attenuation coefficients can be obtained from the curve fitting.The results show that the subsurface flow can be divided into rapid and slow underground runoffs.Simplified Boussinesq exponential decay equation was used to calculate the regression coefficients for the two parts of runoffs.The extinction coefficient of rapid underground runoff KQ was 0.988-0.995 and the slow runoff extinction coefficient KL was 0.997-0.999.Based on the traditional Xin'anjiang river model with one linear reservoir,a linear reservoir is added to simulate the rapid underground runoff and the slow underground runoff,respectively,to construct a rainfallrunoff simulation program.The calculation program was compiled with Matlab 2014 software.With the maximum of the deterministic coefficient as the optimization objective,the genetic algorithm is used to determine the model parameters.7 floods from 2011 to 2015 were selected as regular analog floods,and 8 floods were selected as verified floods for runoff simulation.According to the " hydrological forecasting code(GB/T22482-2008)" assessment criteria,the qualified rate of regular analog was 85.71%,and the average coefficient of determination was 0.846;the qualified rate of verification was 75%,the average deterministic coefficient of 0.893 reached B-grade accuracy.Compared with the traditional Xin'anjiang river model,the average deterministic coefficient and qualified rate of the improved Xin'anjiang river model have been improved.The simulation results show that the simulation scheme is suitable for the Pingzhihe river basin,and can provide reference for the rainfall-runoff simulation and flood forecasting in other similar karst areas in Guangxi.
引文
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[8]陈才,陈喜,张志才,等.喀斯特流域降雨-径流人工神经网络模型结构分析及模拟[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(4):375-379.
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[12]郝庆庆,陈喜,马建良.新安江模型在贵州岩溶地区的改进与应用[J].水电能源科学,2009,27(4):4-6.
[13]Joodavi A,Zare M,Raeisi E,et al.A multi-compartment hydrologic model to estimate groundwater recharge in an alluvial-karst system[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2016,9(3):1-13.
[14]索立涛,万军伟,卢学伟.TOPMODEL模型在岩溶地区的改进与应用[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(1):67-70.
[15]章程,蒋勇军,袁道先,等.利用SWMM模型模拟岩溶峰丛洼地系统降雨径流过程:以桂林丫吉试验场为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2007,34(3):10-14.
[16]Brutsaert W,Nieber J L.Regionalized drought flow hydrographs from a mature glaciated plateau[J].Water Resources Research,1997,13(3):637-643.
[17]赵人俊,王佩兰.新安江模型参数的分析[J].水文,1988(6):2-9.
[2]宋万祯,雷晓辉,许波刘,等.岩溶地区水文模拟研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2015(7):54-57.
[3]代俊峰,郭纯青,方荣杰.西南岩溶灌区水文特性及其模拟模型的构建[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(4):11-15.
[4]毛亮,于青春,王敬霞,等.降雨对裂隙型岩溶含水系统演化影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(1):42-48.
[5]黄都熠.平治河流域洪水预报应用研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2016.
[6]蒙海花,王腊春.岩溶流域水文模型研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(11):1311-1318.
[7]常勇,刘玲.岩溶地区水文模型综述[J].工程勘察,2015,43(3):37-44.
[8]陈才,陈喜,张志才,等.喀斯特流域降雨-径流人工神经网络模型结构分析及模拟[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(4):375-379.
[9]黄庆宏,林三益.湿润地区岩溶流域确定性降雨径流水文模型[J].成都科技大学学报,1987(3):129-138.
[10]White W B.Conceptual models for karstic aquifers[J].Speleogenesis and Evolution of Karst Aquifers,2003,1(1):1-6.
[11]Rimmer A,Salingar Y.Modelling precipitation-streamflow processes in karst basin:The case of the Jordan River sources,Israel[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,331(3):524-542.
[12]郝庆庆,陈喜,马建良.新安江模型在贵州岩溶地区的改进与应用[J].水电能源科学,2009,27(4):4-6.
[13]Joodavi A,Zare M,Raeisi E,et al.A multi-compartment hydrologic model to estimate groundwater recharge in an alluvial-karst system[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2016,9(3):1-13.
[14]索立涛,万军伟,卢学伟.TOPMODEL模型在岩溶地区的改进与应用[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(1):67-70.
[15]章程,蒋勇军,袁道先,等.利用SWMM模型模拟岩溶峰丛洼地系统降雨径流过程:以桂林丫吉试验场为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2007,34(3):10-14.
[16]Brutsaert W,Nieber J L.Regionalized drought flow hydrographs from a mature glaciated plateau[J].Water Resources Research,1997,13(3):637-643.
[17]赵人俊,王佩兰.新安江模型参数的分析[J].水文,1988(6):2-9.