多轴数控机床的在机测量方案创成及优化方法
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摘要
多轴数控机床的在机测量会存在冗余运动自由度,由此导致一个测量任务会有多个与之对应的伺服运动方案,而确定最优的伺服运动方案,是保证在机测量性能的前提。针对这一问题,提出一种基于机床功能且面向测量任务的在机测量运动方案创成方法:采用多体系统理论及齐次坐标变换方法对被测对象的几何特征及数控机床的运动形式进行数学解析;建立以被测几何特征为自变量、以机床伺服运动为因变量的函数方程;求解该方程获得所有可能的测量运动方案。在此基础上,通过分析方程解的取值范围,验证所有测量运动方案的功能;考虑到数控机床的结构及伺服特性对测量精度的影响,提出了测量方案性能评价准则,并据此确定最优的测量方案。在某数控成形砂轮磨齿机上进行了齿形偏差的在机测量,试验结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。利用该方法确定的最优在机测量方案测量精度高、重复性好。
The multi-axis CNC machine tool may have some redundant freedoms for being used in on-machine measurement(OMM), which will result in that one measurement task could be done by different servo motion schemes. Thus, how to determine metering schemes to check a workpiece with high accuracy and efficiency is an important problem and also a focus for researchers. To solve this problem, a generation method of task-oriented OMM scheme is proposed. Utilizing multi-body system theory and homogeneous coordinate transformation, geometrical characteristic of workpiece and movements of machine tool are analyzed mathematically. A function relationship between the geometrical characteristic of workpiece as independent variables and motions of machine tool as dependent variables is established. All possible metering schemes are obtained based on the solutions of functional equation and their feasibilities are verified by analyzing the value range of the solution. Considering the influences of the configuration and servo characteristics of CNC machine tool on measuring accuracy, some assessment criterions are presented and so the optimal metering scheme is selected in the end. Finally, the experiment of profile error was carried on a CNC gear forming grinding machine, and the feasibility and efficiency of the methodology has been verified by the experimental resultants. The optimal OMM scheme gained by the method presented in the paper has good characteristic of accuracy and repeatability.
The multi-axis CNC machine tool may have some redundant freedoms for being used in on-machine measurement(OMM), which will result in that one measurement task could be done by different servo motion schemes. Thus, how to determine metering schemes to check a workpiece with high accuracy and efficiency is an important problem and also a focus for researchers. To solve this problem, a generation method of task-oriented OMM scheme is proposed. Utilizing multi-body system theory and homogeneous coordinate transformation, geometrical characteristic of workpiece and movements of machine tool are analyzed mathematically. A function relationship between the geometrical characteristic of workpiece as independent variables and motions of machine tool as dependent variables is established. All possible metering schemes are obtained based on the solutions of functional equation and their feasibilities are verified by analyzing the value range of the solution. Considering the influences of the configuration and servo characteristics of CNC machine tool on measuring accuracy, some assessment criterions are presented and so the optimal metering scheme is selected in the end. Finally, the experiment of profile error was carried on a CNC gear forming grinding machine, and the feasibility and efficiency of the methodology has been verified by the experimental resultants. The optimal OMM scheme gained by the method presented in the paper has good characteristic of accuracy and repeatability.
引文
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[8]王志永,于水琴,曾韬.基于展成原理的大规格螺旋锥齿轮在机测量[J].仪器仪表学报,2009,30(8):1739-1744.WANG Zhiyong,YU Shuiqin,ZENG Tao.On-machine measurement of large-scale spiral bevel gears based on generation principle[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Intrument,2009,30(8):1739-1744.
[9]ZHAO Bohan,GAO Feng,LI Yan.Study on pre-travel behaviour of touch trigger probe under actual measuring conditions[J].Procedia CIRP,2015,27:53-58.
[10]高峰,赵柏涵,李艳,等.基于误差隔离的触发式测头预行程标定方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(7):142-148.GAO Feng,ZHAO Bohan,LI Yan,et al.Novel pre-travel calibration method of touch trigger probe based on error separation[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Intrument,2013,34(7):142-148.
[11]王立成,黄信达,丁汉.原位检测系统中触发式测头的误差分析与补偿[J].中国机械工程,2012,23(15):1774-1778.WANG Licheng,HUANG Xinda,DING Han.Error analysis and compensation for touch trigger probe of On-Mchine Measurement system[J].China Mechanical engineering,2012,23(15):1774-1778.
[12]WOZNIAK A,BYSZEWSKI M,JANKOWSKI M.Setup for triggering force testing of touch probes for CNC machine tools and CMMs[J].Measurement Science Review,2013,13(1):29-33.
[13]JANKOWSKI M,WO?NIAK A,BYSZEWSKI M.Machine tool probes testing using a moving inner hemispherical master artefact[J].Precision Engineering,2014,38(2):421-427.
[14]CHEN F J,YIN S H,HUANG H,et al.Profile error compensation in ultra-precision grinding of aspheric surfaces with on-machine measurement[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2010,50(5):480-486.
[15]IBARAKI S,IRITANI T,MATSUSHITA T.Calibration of location errors of rotary axes on five-axis machine tools by on-the-machine measurement using a touch-trigger probe[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2012,58:44-53.
[16]IBARAKI S,IRITANI T,MATSUSHITA T.Error map construction for rotary axes on five-axis machine tools by on-the-machine measurement using a touch-trigger probe[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2013,68:21-29.
[17]GIVI M,MAYER J R R.Validation of volumetric error compensation for a five-axis machine using surface mismatch producing tests and on-machine touch probing[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2014,87:89-95.
[2]MEARS L,ROTH J T,DJURDJANOVIC D,et al.Quality and inspection of machining operations:CMM integration to the machine tool[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering-Transactions of the ASME,2009,131(5):1-13.
[3]裘祖荣,石照耀,李岩.机械制造领域测量技术的发展研究[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(14):1-11.QIU Zhurong,SHI Zhaoyao,LI Yan.Research on the development of measurement technology mechanical manufacture[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(14):1-11.
[4]高峰,李艳,田沙,等.数控成形砂轮磨齿机的在机测量方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(3):540-544.GAO Feng,LI Yan,TIAN Sha,et al.Study on the On-Machine Measurement method of NC wheel gear form grinding machine[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2008,29(3):540-544.
[5]高峰,李艳,黄玉美,等.数控齿轮加工机床的在机测量系统[J].机械科学与技术,2008,27(10):1225-1227,1232.GAO Feng,LI Yan,HUANG Yumei,et al.On-machine measurement system for a NC gear machine[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2008,27(10):1225-1227,1232.
[6]陈岳坪,高健,邓海祥,等.复杂曲面零件在线检测与误差补偿方法[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(23):143-151.CHEN Yueoing,GAO Jian,DENG Haixiang,et al.On-line inspecetion and machining error compensation for complex surfaces[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(23):143-151.
[7]SAZEDUR R M,SALEH T,LIM H S,et al.Development of an on-machine profile measurement system in ELID grinding for machining aspheric surface with software compensation[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2008,48:887-895.
[8]王志永,于水琴,曾韬.基于展成原理的大规格螺旋锥齿轮在机测量[J].仪器仪表学报,2009,30(8):1739-1744.WANG Zhiyong,YU Shuiqin,ZENG Tao.On-machine measurement of large-scale spiral bevel gears based on generation principle[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Intrument,2009,30(8):1739-1744.
[9]ZHAO Bohan,GAO Feng,LI Yan.Study on pre-travel behaviour of touch trigger probe under actual measuring conditions[J].Procedia CIRP,2015,27:53-58.
[10]高峰,赵柏涵,李艳,等.基于误差隔离的触发式测头预行程标定方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(7):142-148.GAO Feng,ZHAO Bohan,LI Yan,et al.Novel pre-travel calibration method of touch trigger probe based on error separation[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Intrument,2013,34(7):142-148.
[11]王立成,黄信达,丁汉.原位检测系统中触发式测头的误差分析与补偿[J].中国机械工程,2012,23(15):1774-1778.WANG Licheng,HUANG Xinda,DING Han.Error analysis and compensation for touch trigger probe of On-Mchine Measurement system[J].China Mechanical engineering,2012,23(15):1774-1778.
[12]WOZNIAK A,BYSZEWSKI M,JANKOWSKI M.Setup for triggering force testing of touch probes for CNC machine tools and CMMs[J].Measurement Science Review,2013,13(1):29-33.
[13]JANKOWSKI M,WO?NIAK A,BYSZEWSKI M.Machine tool probes testing using a moving inner hemispherical master artefact[J].Precision Engineering,2014,38(2):421-427.
[14]CHEN F J,YIN S H,HUANG H,et al.Profile error compensation in ultra-precision grinding of aspheric surfaces with on-machine measurement[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2010,50(5):480-486.
[15]IBARAKI S,IRITANI T,MATSUSHITA T.Calibration of location errors of rotary axes on five-axis machine tools by on-the-machine measurement using a touch-trigger probe[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2012,58:44-53.
[16]IBARAKI S,IRITANI T,MATSUSHITA T.Error map construction for rotary axes on five-axis machine tools by on-the-machine measurement using a touch-trigger probe[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2013,68:21-29.
[17]GIVI M,MAYER J R R.Validation of volumetric error compensation for a five-axis machine using surface mismatch producing tests and on-machine touch probing[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2014,87:89-95.