黄腐酸钾和黄腐酸锌对夏玉米的增产效果
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摘要
在夏玉米拔节期叶面喷施黄腐酸锌溶液,试验设黄腐酸锌施用浓度0(清水,CK)、200、500和1 000 mg/L计4个处理,研究不同施用浓度对夏玉米生长和产量的影响,以筛选黄腐酸锌的适宜施用浓度;在夏玉米大喇叭口期采用穴施的方式进行土壤追肥,以施尿素298.5 kg/hm2为对照,研究在尿素中添加不同比例的黄腐酸钾(尿素与黄腐酸钾的配施比例为400∶1、200∶1、133∶1、100∶1)对玉米产量性状和产量的影响,以筛选黄腐酸钾的最佳添加比例。结果表明:喷施适宜浓度的黄腐酸锌能够明显促进植株生长,显著提高产量性状和籽粒产量,本研究条件下黄腐酸锌的适宜施用浓度为200 mg/L,该浓度处理下穗粒数(543.0粒)和产量(8636.9 kg/hm2)均达到最大,千粒重(296.3 g)明显提高,增产率为8.31%;尿素中添加黄腐酸钾进行追肥能够促进玉米穗粒数增多,极显著地提高千粒重和产量,本研究条件下尿素与黄腐酸钾配施的最佳比例为200∶1,该处理下玉米产量性状和产量均最好,穗粒数653.0粒,千粒重273.48 g,产量9075 kg/hm2,增产率为19.56%。
Zinc fulvate solution was sprayed at the jointing stage of summer maize,the test set 4 zinc fulvate concentration treatments including 0 mg /L( clean water,control),200 mg /L,500 mg /L and 1 000 mg /L,the effects of different concentrations on the growth and yield of maize were studied to select the optimum zinc fulvate concentration. The fertilizer was used by spot application at the big trumpet period,the urea of 298. 5 kg /hm2 was used as control,the test studied the effects of different ratios( 400 ∶ 1,200 ∶ 1,133 ∶ 1,100 ∶ 1) of combined application of urea and potassium fulvate on the yield traits and yield of maize to select the optimum ratio of combined application of urea and potassium fulvate. The results showed that spraying zinc fulvate with compatible concentration could enhance the plants growth,significantly improve the yield traits and the seeds yield. Under the conditions of this study,the optimum zinc fulvate concentration was 200 mg /L,with this treatment,the the grain number per spike( 543. 0 seeds) and the yield( 8 636. 9 kg /hm2) were highest,the thousand-grain weight was increased significantly,the yield was improved by 8. 31%. Combined application of urea and potassium fulvate could increase the grain number per spike,significanly improve the thousand-grain weight and the yield,under the conditions of this study the best ratio of urea and potassium fulvate was 200∶ 1,with this treatment the yield traits and the yield were the best,the grain number per spike was 653. 0 seeds,the thousand-grain weight was273. 48 g,the yield was 9 075 kg /hm2,and the yield was improved by 19.56%.
Zinc fulvate solution was sprayed at the jointing stage of summer maize,the test set 4 zinc fulvate concentration treatments including 0 mg /L( clean water,control),200 mg /L,500 mg /L and 1 000 mg /L,the effects of different concentrations on the growth and yield of maize were studied to select the optimum zinc fulvate concentration. The fertilizer was used by spot application at the big trumpet period,the urea of 298. 5 kg /hm2 was used as control,the test studied the effects of different ratios( 400 ∶ 1,200 ∶ 1,133 ∶ 1,100 ∶ 1) of combined application of urea and potassium fulvate on the yield traits and yield of maize to select the optimum ratio of combined application of urea and potassium fulvate. The results showed that spraying zinc fulvate with compatible concentration could enhance the plants growth,significantly improve the yield traits and the seeds yield. Under the conditions of this study,the optimum zinc fulvate concentration was 200 mg /L,with this treatment,the the grain number per spike( 543. 0 seeds) and the yield( 8 636. 9 kg /hm2) were highest,the thousand-grain weight was increased significantly,the yield was improved by 8. 31%. Combined application of urea and potassium fulvate could increase the grain number per spike,significanly improve the thousand-grain weight and the yield,under the conditions of this study the best ratio of urea and potassium fulvate was 200∶ 1,with this treatment the yield traits and the yield were the best,the grain number per spike was 653. 0 seeds,the thousand-grain weight was273. 48 g,the yield was 9 075 kg /hm2,and the yield was improved by 19.56%.
引文
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[12]高同国,姜峰,李召虎,杨金水,袁红莉.微生物降解褐煤产生的黄腐酸对玉米幼苗生长的影响[J].腐植酸,2009,(1):14-18.
[13]袁瑞江,姚银娟,王丽乔,孟小莽,安进军,封志明,张麦收,袁林,王永卫.生物腐植酸(黄腐酸)及其在农业中的应用[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(7):36-38,133.
[14]陈伟龙.黄腐酸钾在香菇生产中的应用技术及前景[J].现代农业科技,2010,(23):143-144,146.
[15]朱京涛,曹霞,王学东.生物黄腐酸对番茄幼苗发育及产量品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(3):964-965,968.
[16]陈玉玲,李建华.黄腐酸和赤霉素对冬小麦种子萌发的影响[J].河北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(1):115-118.
[17]王贵林,张玉保.抗旱剂1号(黄腐酸)在玉米上的研究应用[J].山西气象,1997,(1):28-32.
[18]杨轶囡,窦森.风化煤FA对玉米幼苗生长的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(5):78-80.
[19]程尚军,王小宁.旱地玉米采用抗旱剂拌种的增产效果简报[J].甘肃农业科技,2005,(4):20-21.
[20]李品著,于广武,刘峰,高鹏,李晓冰.腐植酸聚合缓释肥对玉米产量及相关性状的影响[J].腐植酸,2013,(3):22-25.
[21]汪洪,金继运,周卫.不同土壤水分供应与施锌对玉米水分代谢的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(4):367-373.
[2]陈玉玲.腐植酸对植物生理活动的影响[J].植物学通报,2000,17(1):64-72.
[3]肖艳,曹一平.黄腐酸、水扬酸浸种对冬小麦种子活力的影响[J].腐植酸,2005,(1):23-26.
[4]李丽,曲东.腐殖酸对水稻土中异化铁还原的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(6):322-328.
[5]卢林纲.黄腐酸及其在农业上的应用[J].现代化农业,2001,(5):9-10.
[6]陈玉玲,曹敏,李云荫,周燮.干旱条件下黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗中内源ABA和IAA水平以及SOD和POD活性的影响(简报)[J].植物生理学通讯,2000,36(4):311-314.
[7]陈玉玲,曹敏,周燮,李云荫.黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗IAA、ABA水平的影响及作用机理的探讨[J].植物学通报,1999,16(5):587-590.
[8]陈玉玲,李建华,沈金宝.黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗iPA和GAs含量的影响[J].河北师范大学学报:自然科学版,1999,23(4):554-557.
[9]祝国强,刘合民,郭玉华.发酵黄腐酸对小麦生长影响的研究[J].邯郸农业高等专科学校学报,1998,15(1):14-15,4.
[10]陈玉玲,曹敏,李云萌,周燮.黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗一些生理过程的影响及作用机理的探讨[J].华北农学报,1999,14(1):143.
[11]周莉娜,孙丽蓉,毛晖,曲东.黄腐酸抗旱营养剂对小麦和玉米生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):154-158.
[12]高同国,姜峰,李召虎,杨金水,袁红莉.微生物降解褐煤产生的黄腐酸对玉米幼苗生长的影响[J].腐植酸,2009,(1):14-18.
[13]袁瑞江,姚银娟,王丽乔,孟小莽,安进军,封志明,张麦收,袁林,王永卫.生物腐植酸(黄腐酸)及其在农业中的应用[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(7):36-38,133.
[14]陈伟龙.黄腐酸钾在香菇生产中的应用技术及前景[J].现代农业科技,2010,(23):143-144,146.
[15]朱京涛,曹霞,王学东.生物黄腐酸对番茄幼苗发育及产量品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(3):964-965,968.
[16]陈玉玲,李建华.黄腐酸和赤霉素对冬小麦种子萌发的影响[J].河北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(1):115-118.
[17]王贵林,张玉保.抗旱剂1号(黄腐酸)在玉米上的研究应用[J].山西气象,1997,(1):28-32.
[18]杨轶囡,窦森.风化煤FA对玉米幼苗生长的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(5):78-80.
[19]程尚军,王小宁.旱地玉米采用抗旱剂拌种的增产效果简报[J].甘肃农业科技,2005,(4):20-21.
[20]李品著,于广武,刘峰,高鹏,李晓冰.腐植酸聚合缓释肥对玉米产量及相关性状的影响[J].腐植酸,2013,(3):22-25.
[21]汪洪,金继运,周卫.不同土壤水分供应与施锌对玉米水分代谢的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(4):367-373.