基于最小数据集的东北风沙土农田耕层土壤质量评价指标
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摘要
2015年10月—2017年10月玉米收获期,在位于东北风沙土区的黑龙江省杜尔伯特蒙古自治县域内,调查采集了53个样点耕层土壤,测定了21项土壤理化性状指标和玉米产量。采用聚类分析法建立了东北风沙土农田耕层质量诊断最小数据集(MDS),利用全量数据集(TDS)、土壤质量指数(SQI-TDS)、玉米产量、最小数据集土壤质量指数(SQI-MDS)对风沙土耕层特征进行了分析评价。SQI-TDS、玉米产量与SQI-MDS呈极显著正相关(r~2分别为0.451 5,0.557 9),这表明MDS适合替代TDS对风沙土农田耕层土壤质量进行评价。调查区域东北风沙土平均土壤质量指数为0.46,基于MDS,根据土壤质量评价指数土壤地力划分为5级,野外调查53个点中34.0%样点土壤属于地力Ⅳ级,52.8%样点土壤属于地力Ⅲ级,11.2%样点土壤属于地力Ⅱ级,研究区域没有Ⅰ级和Ⅴ级地力分布。调查区域平均玉米产量7.6 Mg/hm~2,根据玉米产量土壤地力划分5级,野外调查53个点中1.9%样点属于地力Ⅴ级,35.8%样点土壤地力属于Ⅳ级,41.5%样点土壤地力属于Ⅲ级,18.9%样点土壤地力属于Ⅱ级,1.9%样点土壤地力属于Ⅰ级。利用最小数据集SQI-MDS能够较准确地定量描述风沙土农田耕层质量,为东北风沙土农田耕层土壤质量诊断、合理耕层评价提供理论依据。
In maize harvest periods in Octobers of years from 2015 to 2017, soil samples of plough layer in aeolian sandy land were collected from 53 sites located in Durbert Mongolian Autonomous County, Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. 21 chemical and physical indicators and maize yields were determined. The minimum data set(MDS) was constructed by cluster analysis, and soil quality characteristics of ploug layer were evaluated with total data set(TDS), SQI-TDS, maize yield and SQI-MDS. The results showed that coefficients of determination(r~2) between SQI-MDS and SQI-TDS, maize yield were 0.451 5 and 0.557 9, respectively, indicating that MDS could substitute TDS to evaluate the quality of plough layer soil of aeolian sandy land. Soil fertility was divided into five grades based on MDS with mean value of 0.46, 34.0% of 53 sampling site belonged to grade Ⅳ, 52.8% of them was grade Ⅲ, and 11.2% was grade Ⅱ, no sites fell into in gradeⅠ and grade Ⅴ. Based on maize yield with mean value of 7.6 Mg/hm~2, soil fertility was also be divided into five grades, the sites belonging to gradeⅠ, gradeⅡ, gradeⅢ, gradeⅣ and gradeⅤ were 1.9%, 18.9%, 41.5%, 35.8% and 1.9% of 53 sampling sites, respectively. All these indicated that SQI-MDS could accurately describe the quality of plough layer in aeolian sandy land, and provide a theoretical basis for soil quality diagnosis and reasonable tillage evaluation of farmland in northeast China.
In maize harvest periods in Octobers of years from 2015 to 2017, soil samples of plough layer in aeolian sandy land were collected from 53 sites located in Durbert Mongolian Autonomous County, Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. 21 chemical and physical indicators and maize yields were determined. The minimum data set(MDS) was constructed by cluster analysis, and soil quality characteristics of ploug layer were evaluated with total data set(TDS), SQI-TDS, maize yield and SQI-MDS. The results showed that coefficients of determination(r~2) between SQI-MDS and SQI-TDS, maize yield were 0.451 5 and 0.557 9, respectively, indicating that MDS could substitute TDS to evaluate the quality of plough layer soil of aeolian sandy land. Soil fertility was divided into five grades based on MDS with mean value of 0.46, 34.0% of 53 sampling site belonged to grade Ⅳ, 52.8% of them was grade Ⅲ, and 11.2% was grade Ⅱ, no sites fell into in gradeⅠ and grade Ⅴ. Based on maize yield with mean value of 7.6 Mg/hm~2, soil fertility was also be divided into five grades, the sites belonging to gradeⅠ, gradeⅡ, gradeⅢ, gradeⅣ and gradeⅤ were 1.9%, 18.9%, 41.5%, 35.8% and 1.9% of 53 sampling sites, respectively. All these indicated that SQI-MDS could accurately describe the quality of plough layer in aeolian sandy land, and provide a theoretical basis for soil quality diagnosis and reasonable tillage evaluation of farmland in northeast China.
引文
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[23] 丁文斌,蒋光毅,史东梅,等.紫色土坡耕地土壤属性差异对耕层土壤质量的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(19):1-14.
[24] 史东梅,蒋光毅,蒋平,等.土壤侵蚀因素对紫色丘陵区坡耕地耕层质量影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(13):270-279.
[2] 乔云发,苗淑杰,陆欣春,等.耕作方式和有机肥对风沙土区玉米产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(4):124-127.
[3] 金慧芳,史东梅,陈正发,等.基于聚类及PCA分析的红壤坡耕地耕层土壤质量评价指标[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(7):155-164.
[4] 刘占锋,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):901-913.
[5] 贡璐,张雪妮,冉启洋.基于最小数据集的塔里木河上游绿洲土壤质量评价[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):682-689.
[6] Gil-sotres F,Trasar-cepeda C,Leiros M C,et al.Different approaches to evaluating soil quality using biochemical properties[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2005,37(5):877-887.
[7] Velasquez E,Lavelle P,Barrio E,et al.Evaluating soil quality in tropical agroecosystems of Colombia using NIRS[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2005,37(5):889-898.
[8] Duraisamy V,Surendar K S.Soil quality index as a tool to evaluate crop productivity in semi-arid Deccan Plateau India [J].Geoderma,2016,282(11):70-79.
[9] 王飞,李清华,林诚,等.福建冷浸田土壤质量评价因子的最小数据集[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1461-1468.
[10] 邓绍欢,曾令涛,关强,等.基于最小数据集的南方地区冷浸田土壤质量评价[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1326-1333.
[11] 吴玉红,田霄鸿,南雄雄,等.基于因子和聚类分析的保护性耕作土壤质量评价研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):223-228.
[12] Govaerts B,Sayre K D,Deckers J.A minimum data set for soil quality assessment of wheat and maize cropping in the highlands of Mexico[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2006,87(2):163-174.
[13] D′House T,Cougnon M,De vliegher A,et al.The positive relationship between soil quality and crop production:A case study on the effect of farm compost application[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,75:189-198.
[14] Liu Z J,Zhou W,Shen J B,et al.Soil quality assessment of acid sulfate paddy soils with different productivities in Guangdong Province,China[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13(1):177-186.
[15] 刘金山,胡承孝,孙学成,等.基于最小数据集和模糊数学法的水旱轮作区土壤肥力质量评价[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1145-1150.
[16] 徐尚起,张明园,孙国峰,等.应用耕作指数评价耕作措施对双季稻田土壤质量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(19):3999-4006.
[17] Tripathi R P,Sharma P,Singh S.Tilth index:an approach to optimize tillage in rice-wheat system[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2005,80(1/2):125-137.
[18] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[19] 徐建明,张甘霖,谢正苗.土壤质量指标与评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[20] Nash J E,Sutcliffe J V.River flow forecasting through conceptual models part Ⅰ:A discussion of principles[J].Journal of Hydrology,1970,10(3):282-290.
[21] 谢坚,郑圣先,杨曾平,等.湖南双季稻种植区不同生产力水稻土质量综合评价[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(23):4840-4851.
[22] 张子龙,王文全,缪作清,等.主成分分析在三七连作土壤质量综合评价中的应用[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(6):1636-1644.
[23] 丁文斌,蒋光毅,史东梅,等.紫色土坡耕地土壤属性差异对耕层土壤质量的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(19):1-14.
[24] 史东梅,蒋光毅,蒋平,等.土壤侵蚀因素对紫色丘陵区坡耕地耕层质量影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(13):270-279.