节水抗旱稻与高产水稻不同叶位光合特征对土壤水分变化的响应
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摘要
为明确节水灌溉下节水抗旱稻与高产水稻不同叶位光合特征变化规律以及对同化物形成的贡献能力,通过盆栽试验,以节水抗旱稻旱优113(HY113)与高产水稻扬两优6(YLY6)为研究材料,以传统淹灌处理(F:全生育期保持4cm的水层)为对照,研究湿润处理(S:保持土壤水分处于饱和状态,但不建立水层)和干旱处理(D:返青至水稻成熟期收获前1周,控制土壤水势在-30kPa左右)下,2个水稻品种在不同生育时期(拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期、乳熟期)功能叶与孕穗期和乳熟期不同叶位的叶片水势、SPAD值、叶片气体交换、水分利用效率与产量的变化。结果表明:与其他处理相比,S处理下高产水稻YLY6产量显著升高,从产量构成来看,具有较高的有效穗数、每穗粒数与结实率。相关分析表明,乳熟期与成熟期的干物质积累量与产量极显著正相关,并且孕穗期和抽穗开花期的净光合速率与乳熟期及成熟期的干物质量极显著正相关。S处理下YLY6干物质积累量在孕穗期、乳熟期与成熟期显著高于HY113,水分利用效率在抽穗开花期也显著高于HY113;S处理下YLY6在生育后期(乳熟期)不同叶位均维持较高的净光合速率,主要是具有较高的SPAD值、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,使植株维持较高的光合生产潜力。因此,S处理下YLY6在生育后期(乳熟期)不同叶位均维持较高的光合生产能力,是该处理节水高产的基础。
In order to reveal the change in photosynthetic characteristics and responsive mechanisms of different leaf positions in water-saving drought-resistant rice and high-yield rice under watersaving irrigation,water-saving and drought-resistant rice Hanyou113(HY113)and high-yield rice Yangliangyou 6(YLY6)were used to conduct a pot experiment in 2015.The effects of traditional flooding(F),saturated treatment(S)and drought treatment(D)on the leaf water potential,SPAD values,leaf gas exchange,instantaneous water use efficiency of function leaf at four important growth stages including jointing stage,booting stage,heading stage and milky stage and yield of rice varieties were studied.The results showed that the yield of YLY6 in S treatment was significantly increased compared with other treatments,contributed by higher effective panicles,grains per panicle and filled grains rate.Correlation analyses showed that there was a significant positive correlation between dry matter accumulation and yield heading stage and milky stage,and a significant positive correlation between net photosynthetic rate at the booting stage and heading stage and the dry matter quality at heading stage and milky stages.The dry matter accumulation of YLY6 at booting stage,heading stage and milky stage under saturated treatment was significantly higher than that of HY113.The instantaneous water use efficiency of YLY6 at heading stage was significantly higher than that of HY113.Under S treatment,YLY6 maintained high net photosynthetic rate with high SPAD value,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate at the postfertility stage(from milky stage to mature stage)to maintain a high photosynthetic productive potential.Therefore,YLY6 maintains high photosynthetic capacity in different leaf positions at the late growth stage(milky period)under S treatment,which is the basis for water-saving and high-yield rice.
In order to reveal the change in photosynthetic characteristics and responsive mechanisms of different leaf positions in water-saving drought-resistant rice and high-yield rice under watersaving irrigation,water-saving and drought-resistant rice Hanyou113(HY113)and high-yield rice Yangliangyou 6(YLY6)were used to conduct a pot experiment in 2015.The effects of traditional flooding(F),saturated treatment(S)and drought treatment(D)on the leaf water potential,SPAD values,leaf gas exchange,instantaneous water use efficiency of function leaf at four important growth stages including jointing stage,booting stage,heading stage and milky stage and yield of rice varieties were studied.The results showed that the yield of YLY6 in S treatment was significantly increased compared with other treatments,contributed by higher effective panicles,grains per panicle and filled grains rate.Correlation analyses showed that there was a significant positive correlation between dry matter accumulation and yield heading stage and milky stage,and a significant positive correlation between net photosynthetic rate at the booting stage and heading stage and the dry matter quality at heading stage and milky stages.The dry matter accumulation of YLY6 at booting stage,heading stage and milky stage under saturated treatment was significantly higher than that of HY113.The instantaneous water use efficiency of YLY6 at heading stage was significantly higher than that of HY113.Under S treatment,YLY6 maintained high net photosynthetic rate with high SPAD value,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate at the postfertility stage(from milky stage to mature stage)to maintain a high photosynthetic productive potential.Therefore,YLY6 maintains high photosynthetic capacity in different leaf positions at the late growth stage(milky period)under S treatment,which is the basis for water-saving and high-yield rice.
引文
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[22]李霞,焦德茂,刘友良.不同水稻品种各层叶片光合能力的比较[J].江苏农业学报,2004,20(4):213-219.
[23]江元元.节水抗旱稻旱优113的产量与生理特性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[24]杨晓龙,汪本福,陈亮,等.抽穗期干旱对水稻生理性状和产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(4):138-141,146.
[25]丁雷,李英瑞,李勇,等.梯度干旱胁迫对水稻叶片光合和水分状况的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(1):65-70.
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[30]曹生奎,冯起,司建华,等.植物叶片水分利用效率研究综述[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3882-3892.
[2] LIU Z Y,WANG G L,WANG H L.Development status and improvement progress of low yield farmland in China[J].North Hortic,2013,15:188-190.
[3] YE Y S,LIANG X Q,CHEN Y X,et al.Alternate wetting and drying irrigation and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in late-season rice:effects on dry matter accumulation,yield,water and nitrogen use[J].Field crops resarch,2013,144:212-224.
[4] SUNY J,MA J,SUN Y Y,et al.The effects of different water and nitrogen managements on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in hybrid rice of China[J].Field crops resarch,2012,127:85-98.
[5]杨建昌,丁艳峰.节水灌溉对水稻产量形成的影响[J].江苏农学院学报,1992(4):7-12.
[6]茆智,崔远来,董斌,等.水稻高效节水与持续高产的灌排技术[J].水利水电技术,2002(2):65-67.
[7]姚林,郑华斌,刘建霞,等.中国水稻节水灌溉技术的现状及发展趋势[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(5):1381-1387.
[8]杨建昌,王志琴,朱庆森.水稻品种的抗旱性及其生理特性的研究[J].中国农业科学,1995,28(5):65-72.
[9]徐芬芬,曾晓春,石庆华.干湿交替灌溉方式下水稻节水增产机理研究[J].杂交水稻,2009,24(3):72-75.
[10]孙小淋.结实期干-湿交替灌溉对水稻产量和品质的影响及其生理机制[D].扬州:扬州大学,2011.
[11]黄新宇.不同地表覆盖旱作水稻的生长与水分利用效率的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2004.
[12]张荣萍.不同灌水方式对水稻生育特性和产量及其水分利用率的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2006.
[13]汪强,樊小林,KLAUS D,等.华南地区覆盖旱种水稻节水及其水分利用效率研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(4):89-92.
[14]沙依然·外力,李晨,葛道阔,等.干旱胁迫下水稻光合特性、冠层-空气温差及水分利用效率的变化[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(1):86-89.
[15]褚光,展明飞,朱宽宇,等.干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量与水分利用效率的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(7):1026-1036.
[16]张荣萍,马均,王贺正,等.不同灌水方式对水稻结实期一些生理性状和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(3):486-495.
[17]周峥嵘,傅志强.不同水分管理方式对水稻生长及产量的影响[J].作物研究,2012,26(s1):5-8.
[18]余新桥,刘国兰,李明寿,等.节水抗旱杂交稻新组合旱优73[J].杂交水稻,2016,31(4):79-81.
[19]赵步洪,王朋,张洪熙,等.两系杂交稻扬两优6号源库特征与结实特性的分析[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(1):65-72.
[20]陈国林,王兆骞.水稻湿润灌溉的节水效应研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1997,23(2):123-127.
[21]金松恒,蒋德安,王品美,等.水稻孕穗期不同叶位叶片的气体交换与叶绿素荧光特性[J].中国水稻科学,2004,18(5):443-448.
[22]李霞,焦德茂,刘友良.不同水稻品种各层叶片光合能力的比较[J].江苏农业学报,2004,20(4):213-219.
[23]江元元.节水抗旱稻旱优113的产量与生理特性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[24]杨晓龙,汪本福,陈亮,等.抽穗期干旱对水稻生理性状和产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(4):138-141,146.
[25]丁雷,李英瑞,李勇,等.梯度干旱胁迫对水稻叶片光合和水分状况的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(1):65-70.
[26]YAO F X,HUANG J L,CUI K H,et al.Agronomic performance of high-yielding rice variety grown under alternate wetting and drying irrigation[J].Field crops research,2012,126(1):16-22.
[27]CHU G,WANG Z Q,ZHANG H,et al.Alternate wetting and moderate drying increases rice yield and reduces methane emission in paddy field with wheat straw residue incorporation[J].Food&energy security,2015,4(3):238-254.
[28]YANG J C,LIU K,WANG Z Q,et al.Water-saving and highyielding irrigation forlow land rice by controlling limiting values of soil water potential[J].Journal of integrative of plant biology,2007,49(10):1445-1454.
[29]RICHARDS R A,REBETZKE G J,CONDON A G,et al.Breeding opportunities for increasing the efficiency of water use and crop yield in temperate cereals[J].Crop science,2002,42(1):111-121.
[30]曹生奎,冯起,司建华,等.植物叶片水分利用效率研究综述[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3882-3892.