掺拌不同废弃物对吹填土快速脱盐后土壤性质的影响
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摘要
试验选取了炉灰渣(LHZ)、锯末(JM)、粗砂(CS)、蘑菇棒(MGB)、诺沃肥(NWF)、腐殖酸(FZS)、秸秆(JG)、醋渣(CZ)、木糖醇渣(MTCZ)和稻壳(DK)等10种废弃物料,采用废弃物料掺拌改良与室内淋洗相结合的方法,研究不同废弃物料对吹填土快速脱盐后土壤性质的影响,筛选吹填土高效改良材料。结果表明,与未掺拌废弃物料处理(CK)相比较,滨海吹填土脱盐过程中掺拌废弃物料可降低快速脱盐后吹填土容重,以JM效果最好,较CK降低了40.66%;可提高土壤渗透速率、非毛管孔隙度,以LHZ效果最好,较CK分别提高了1.03 mm·min-1和3.43个百分点;亦可提高土壤毛管孔隙度,以JM效果最好,较CK提高了31.18%;在一定程度上有助于土壤pH值降低,以FZS效果最好,较CK降低7.74%。综合而言,掺拌废弃物料在一定程度上均提高了滨海吹填土快速脱盐后土壤性质,其中以锯末(JM)和炉灰渣(LHZ)改良土壤结构效果最佳,腐殖酸(FZS)抑制脱盐碱化效果最佳。
This study aims to explore effects of the industrial and agricultural waste as a soil conditioner to improve the soil property after soil rapid desalting.10 kinds of industrial and agricultural waste were selected,including furnace ash(LHZ),sawdust(JM),coarse sand(CS),mushroom rods(MGB),carbon(NWF),humic acid fertilizer(FZS),straw(JG),vinegar residue(CZ),xylose cinder(MTCZ) and rice husk(DK),and treatment without the industrial and agricultural waste was as control(CK).The results showed that,compared with CK,the industrial and agricultural waste could decrease the soil bulk and the pH,increase the soil capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity,and also could increase the soil penetration rate.In 10 kinds of industrial and agricultural waste,JM was better than the other wastes in decreasing the soil bulk that decreased by 40.66% compared to CK;LHZ was better in increasing the soil capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity that increased by 1.03 mm·min-1 and 3.43 percentages compared to CK;JM was better in increasing the soil penetration rate that increased by 31.18% compared to CK;FZS was better in decreasing the pH that decreased by 7.74% compared to CK.In conclusion,adding the industrial and agricultural waste could effectively improve the soil property after soil rapid desalting,and it worked best with JM and LHZ to improve soil structure,and it worked best with FZS to decrease pH.
This study aims to explore effects of the industrial and agricultural waste as a soil conditioner to improve the soil property after soil rapid desalting.10 kinds of industrial and agricultural waste were selected,including furnace ash(LHZ),sawdust(JM),coarse sand(CS),mushroom rods(MGB),carbon(NWF),humic acid fertilizer(FZS),straw(JG),vinegar residue(CZ),xylose cinder(MTCZ) and rice husk(DK),and treatment without the industrial and agricultural waste was as control(CK).The results showed that,compared with CK,the industrial and agricultural waste could decrease the soil bulk and the pH,increase the soil capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity,and also could increase the soil penetration rate.In 10 kinds of industrial and agricultural waste,JM was better than the other wastes in decreasing the soil bulk that decreased by 40.66% compared to CK;LHZ was better in increasing the soil capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity that increased by 1.03 mm·min-1 and 3.43 percentages compared to CK;JM was better in increasing the soil penetration rate that increased by 31.18% compared to CK;FZS was better in decreasing the pH that decreased by 7.74% compared to CK.In conclusion,adding the industrial and agricultural waste could effectively improve the soil property after soil rapid desalting,and it worked best with JM and LHZ to improve soil structure,and it worked best with FZS to decrease pH.
引文
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[13]李霞,张志华,韩桂鸥,等.土壤调理剂对滨海吹填土脱盐过程及效果的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017(10):84-88.
[14]武俊俊,刘霞,马彩莲,等.风化煤基肥对改良土壤及长山药产量和质量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018(6):938-941.
[15]范定慷,王永亮,张强,等.不同含硫物料对盐碱地的改良效果[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(5):786-790.
[16]刘维廉,崔长旺.发挥滨海盐碱地优势搞好多种经营发展商品生产——河北省中捷农场盐碱地改良利用的经验[J].河北农学报,1982,7(S1):191-195.
[17]周岩,武继承.土壤改良剂的研究现状、问题与展望[J].河南农业科学,2010(8):152-155.
[18]樊丽琴,杨建国.工业废弃物在盐碱地改良中的应用研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(1):21-24.
[2]张万钧.盐渍土绿化[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999.
[3]戈敢.盐碱地改良[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1984.
[4]王艳,王正祥,廉晓娟,等.曹妃甸吹填土脱盐动态规律研究[J].天津农业科学,2010,16(5):6-8.
[5]王素君,魏剑,苏亚勋,等.滨海吹填土快速脱盐技术的初步研究[J].天津农业科学,2011,17(6):52-55.
[6]钱丹,尹建道,田苗,等.近20年天津海泥吹填土改良与绿化研究进展[J].土壤通报,2014,45(6):1533-1536.
[7]毛建华,刘太祥.曹妃甸填海造地新陆地的土壤及其改良与绿化[J].天津农业科学,2010,16(2):1-4.
[8]尹建道,田苗,钱丹,等.工农业废弃物改良吹填土机理与效果研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):281-284, 291.
[9]龙明杰,曾繁森.高聚物土壤改良剂的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2000,31(5):199-202, 223-241.
[10]张凌云.土壤盐碱改良剂对滨海盐渍土的治理效果及配套技术研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2004.
[11]吴增芳.土壤结构改良剂[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1986:68-74.
[12]张洋,李素艳,孙向阳,等.不同改良剂对滨海盐渍土的改良效果[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(5):67-73.
[13]李霞,张志华,韩桂鸥,等.土壤调理剂对滨海吹填土脱盐过程及效果的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017(10):84-88.
[14]武俊俊,刘霞,马彩莲,等.风化煤基肥对改良土壤及长山药产量和质量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018(6):938-941.
[15]范定慷,王永亮,张强,等.不同含硫物料对盐碱地的改良效果[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(5):786-790.
[16]刘维廉,崔长旺.发挥滨海盐碱地优势搞好多种经营发展商品生产——河北省中捷农场盐碱地改良利用的经验[J].河北农学报,1982,7(S1):191-195.
[17]周岩,武继承.土壤改良剂的研究现状、问题与展望[J].河南农业科学,2010(8):152-155.
[18]樊丽琴,杨建国.工业废弃物在盐碱地改良中的应用研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(1):21-24.