用户应急信息搜寻行为研究评述
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摘要
[目的/意义]用户信息搜寻行为是其他信息行为研究的基础,既有信息搜寻行为研究成果在应急情景下的适用性有待进一步验证与明晰。[研究设计/方法]从WoS和CSSCI数据库获取并分析题录数据,确定从"不同主体信息搜寻行为"和"应急信息搜寻行为影响因素"两个维度进行综述。[结论/发现]探究不同行为主体应急信息搜寻行为的差异发现,越是有经验的人,越倾向于通过经验或既往认知而非信息搜寻结果来进行决策;信息搜寻有时发生在应急决策行为之后,只为验证决策的合理性,而非为消除不确定性;社交媒介、搜寻环境等决定搜寻主体的搜寻逻辑及搜寻语境,对用户应急信息选择及决策具有重要影响。[创新/价值]该研究评述将为探索应急情景下新型信息搜寻行为提供理论参考。
[Purpose/Significance]User information seeking behavior is the basis for other information behavior research. However, the applicability of existent research on information search behavior in emergencies needs further verification and clarification.[Design/Methodology]Bibliographic data from WoS and CSSCI has been obtained and analyzed, with which we decided to do the review from two dimensions, including information searching behavior of different seekers and impact factors of information seeking behavior in emergencies.[Findings/Conclusion]By exploring the differences of various seekers, it has been found that the people with more experience are more likely to make decisions by using their experience and cognition instead of the searching results; information seeking behavior sometimes happens after the decision-making in emergencies, which is just to verify the reasonability of the decision rather than eliminate the uncertainty. Social media and searching environments have impacts on seekers' search logics and context, which have great influence on users' information selection and decision in emergencies.[Originality/Value]This study could provide theoretical reference for exploring new information seeking behavior in emergencies.
[Purpose/Significance]User information seeking behavior is the basis for other information behavior research. However, the applicability of existent research on information search behavior in emergencies needs further verification and clarification.[Design/Methodology]Bibliographic data from WoS and CSSCI has been obtained and analyzed, with which we decided to do the review from two dimensions, including information searching behavior of different seekers and impact factors of information seeking behavior in emergencies.[Findings/Conclusion]By exploring the differences of various seekers, it has been found that the people with more experience are more likely to make decisions by using their experience and cognition instead of the searching results; information seeking behavior sometimes happens after the decision-making in emergencies, which is just to verify the reasonability of the decision rather than eliminate the uncertainty. Social media and searching environments have impacts on seekers' search logics and context, which have great influence on users' information selection and decision in emergencies.[Originality/Value]This study could provide theoretical reference for exploring new information seeking behavior in emergencies.
引文
1 Jarvelin K ,Ingwersen P .The Turn:Integration of Information Seeking and Retrieval in Context[J].Journal of Documentation,2005,43(2):821-822.
2 Shah C.Collaborative Information Seeking.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,2014,65(2):215-236.
3 Shah C,Marchionini G.Awareness in Collaborative Information Seeking [J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2010,61(10):1970-1986.
4 Curran J A,Murphy A L,Abidi S S R,et al.Bridging the Gap:Knowledge Seeking and Sharing in a Virtual Community of Emergency Practice [J].Evaluation & the Health Professions,2009,32(3):314-327.
5 Reddy M C,Spence P R.Collaborative Information Seeking:A field Study of a Multidisciplinary PatientCare Team [J].Information Processing & Management,2008,44(1):242-255.
6 Fitneva S A,Dunfield K A.Selective Information Seeking after a Single Encounter [J].Developmental Psychology,2010,46(5):1380.
7,22 Gu Q,Mendonca D,Wu D.An Exploration of Information-seeking Behavior in Emergency Management[C]//IEEE.Proceedings of 2003 IEEE International Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetics.Piscataway:IEEE,2003:1798-1803.
8 Bunce S,Partridge H,Davis K.Exploring Information Experience Using Social Media during the 2011 Queensland Floods:A Pilot Study [J].The Australian Library Journal,2012,61(1):34-45.
9 Genuis S K.Social Positioning Theory as a Lens for Exploring Health Information Seeking and Decision Making[J].Qual Health Res,2013,23(4):555-567.
10 Kuhlthau C C.Inside the Search Process:Information Seeking from the User's Perspective[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology,1991,42(5):361-371.
11 牛春华.社区应急管理人员的信息需求研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2012.
12 Ellis D.A Behavioral Approach to Information Retrieval System Design[J].Journal of Documentation,1989,45(3):171-212.
13 孙多勇.突发性社会公共危机事件下个体与群体行为决策研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2005.
14 Shah C.Effects of Awareness on Coordination in Collaborative Information Seeking[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology,2013,64(6):1122-1143.
15 Mishra S K.Flood in Thailand:Assessing Institutionalized Capacities to Reduce Vulnerability[J].Social Change,2012,42(42):411-423.
16 Gu Q,Mendonca D.Patterns of Group Information Seeking in a Simulated Emergency Response Environment[C]//Van de Walle B,Carle B.Proceedings of the 2nd International Association for Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management World Conference.Belgium:ISCRAM Community,2005:109-116.
17 Marcella R,Pirie T,Lockerbie H.The Information Seeking Behavior of Oil and Gas Industry Workers in the Context of Health,Safety and Emergency Response:A Discussion of the Value of Models of Information Behavior[J].Information Research,2013,18(3):965-991.
18 肖花,刘春年,郭韫丽.突发事件中虚拟社区用户应急信息行为研究[J].现代情报,2016,36(11):32-36.
19 Osatuyi B,Mendon A D.Temporal Modeling of Group Information Foraging:An Application to Emergency Response[J].Information Processing & Management,2013,49(1):169-178.
20 Li J,Li Q,Liu C,et al.Community-based Collaborative Information System for Emergency Management[J].Computers & Operations Research,2014,42(42):116-124.
21,42 Ley B,Ludwig T,Pipek V,et al.Information and Expertise Sharing in Inter-Organizational Crisis Management[J].Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2014,23(4-6):347-387.
23 Cahyanto I,Pennington-Gray L,Thapa B,et al.Predicting Information Seeking Regarding Hurricane Evacuation in the Destination[J].Tourism Management,2016,52:264-275.
24 Khosrowjerdi M,Iranshahi M.Prior Knowledge and Information-seeking Behavior of PhD and MA Students[J].Library & Information Science Research,2011,33(4):331-335.
25 Mishra J,Allen D,Pearman A.Information Seeking,Use,and Decision Making[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology,2015,66(4):662-673.
26 Richter T,Schroeder S,W?hrmann B.You Don't have to Believe Everything You Read:Background Knowledge Permits Fast and Efficient Validation of Information [J].Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,2009,96(3):538-58.
27 林平忠.论图书馆用户的信息行为及其影响因素[J].图书馆论坛,1996(6):7-9.
28 Buntain C,Golbeck J,Liu B,et al.Evaluating Public Response to the Boston Marathon Bombing and Other Acts of Terrorism through Twitter[C]//AAAI.Proceedings of the 10th Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence’s International Conference on Web and Social Media,Cologne:AAAI,2016:555-558.
29 袁靖华,郝文琦.中美政府社交媒体的公共危机传播比较研究——以天津爆炸、波士顿爆炸等突发公共危机事件的传播为例[J].浙江传媒学院学报,2016,23(4):22-32.
30 刘兆明.社会化媒体时代的突发事件新闻传播图景——波士顿爆炸案的传播分析与启示[J].新闻记者,2013(6):65-70.
31 Ehnis C,Bunker D.The Impact of Disaster Typology on Social Media Use by Emergency Services Agencies:The Case of the Boston Marathon Bombing[C]// Deng H,Standing C.Proceedings of the 24th Australasian Conference on Information Systems.Melbourne:ACIS.2013:1-12.
32 Cassa C A,Chunara R,Mandl K,et al.Twitter as a Sentinel in Emergency Situations:Lessons from the Boston Marathon Explosions[J/OL].Plos Curr,2013,5,doi:10.1371/currents.dis.ad70cd1c8bc585e9470046cde334ee4b.
33 Sutton J,Gibson C B,Spiro E S,et al.What it Takes to Get Passed On:Message Content,Style,and Structure as Predictors of Retransmission in the Boston Marathon Bombing Response[J].Plos One,2015,10(8):e0134452.
34 Starbird K,Maddock J,Orand M,et al.Rumors,False Flags,and Digital Vigilantes:Misinformation on Twitter after the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombing[C]// Proceedings of iConference 2014.Urbana-Champaign:IDEALS,2014:654-662.
35,41 Huang Y L,Starbird K,Orand M,et al.Connected Through Crisis:Emotional Proximity and the Spread of Misinformation Online[C]//ACM.Proceedings of 2015 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing.New York:ACM,2015:969-980.
36 金志敏.基于情景的应急信息需求分析研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2013.
37 叶光辉,李纲,夏立新.面向应急决策的虚拟参考咨询要素分析[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(20):5-12.
38 刘春年,刘宇庆,刘孚清.应急产品消费者信息搜索行为研究[J].图书馆学研究,2015(9):63-73.
39 李月琳,刘冰凌.中美网络用户信息搜寻行为比较研究:基于跨文化视角[J].情报理论与实践,2015,38(3):116-121.
40 申博.社交媒体在突发事件信息传播过程中的作用分析—以美国波士顿爆炸案为例[J].华中人文论丛,2013,4(1):263-265.
43 黄亭亭.文化差异对中俄大学生网购信息搜寻行为影响比较研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.
44 宋晶,陈菊红,孙永磊.不同地域文化下网络搜寻对合作创新绩效的影响[J].管理科学,2014,27(3):39-49.
(1)体裁分析法(genre analysis method)是集语言学、社会学和心理学方法为一体的一种语篇分析方法,它超越了对语篇语言特征的简单描述,将语篇分析从表层推进到深层。本文体裁分析对象为Twitter上的新闻文本,分析内容为灾害类型及社交信息传播渠道对应急服务机构社交信息搜寻行为的影响。
2 Shah C.Collaborative Information Seeking.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,2014,65(2):215-236.
3 Shah C,Marchionini G.Awareness in Collaborative Information Seeking [J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2010,61(10):1970-1986.
4 Curran J A,Murphy A L,Abidi S S R,et al.Bridging the Gap:Knowledge Seeking and Sharing in a Virtual Community of Emergency Practice [J].Evaluation & the Health Professions,2009,32(3):314-327.
5 Reddy M C,Spence P R.Collaborative Information Seeking:A field Study of a Multidisciplinary PatientCare Team [J].Information Processing & Management,2008,44(1):242-255.
6 Fitneva S A,Dunfield K A.Selective Information Seeking after a Single Encounter [J].Developmental Psychology,2010,46(5):1380.
7,22 Gu Q,Mendonca D,Wu D.An Exploration of Information-seeking Behavior in Emergency Management[C]//IEEE.Proceedings of 2003 IEEE International Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetics.Piscataway:IEEE,2003:1798-1803.
8 Bunce S,Partridge H,Davis K.Exploring Information Experience Using Social Media during the 2011 Queensland Floods:A Pilot Study [J].The Australian Library Journal,2012,61(1):34-45.
9 Genuis S K.Social Positioning Theory as a Lens for Exploring Health Information Seeking and Decision Making[J].Qual Health Res,2013,23(4):555-567.
10 Kuhlthau C C.Inside the Search Process:Information Seeking from the User's Perspective[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology,1991,42(5):361-371.
11 牛春华.社区应急管理人员的信息需求研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2012.
12 Ellis D.A Behavioral Approach to Information Retrieval System Design[J].Journal of Documentation,1989,45(3):171-212.
13 孙多勇.突发性社会公共危机事件下个体与群体行为决策研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2005.
14 Shah C.Effects of Awareness on Coordination in Collaborative Information Seeking[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology,2013,64(6):1122-1143.
15 Mishra S K.Flood in Thailand:Assessing Institutionalized Capacities to Reduce Vulnerability[J].Social Change,2012,42(42):411-423.
16 Gu Q,Mendonca D.Patterns of Group Information Seeking in a Simulated Emergency Response Environment[C]//Van de Walle B,Carle B.Proceedings of the 2nd International Association for Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management World Conference.Belgium:ISCRAM Community,2005:109-116.
17 Marcella R,Pirie T,Lockerbie H.The Information Seeking Behavior of Oil and Gas Industry Workers in the Context of Health,Safety and Emergency Response:A Discussion of the Value of Models of Information Behavior[J].Information Research,2013,18(3):965-991.
18 肖花,刘春年,郭韫丽.突发事件中虚拟社区用户应急信息行为研究[J].现代情报,2016,36(11):32-36.
19 Osatuyi B,Mendon A D.Temporal Modeling of Group Information Foraging:An Application to Emergency Response[J].Information Processing & Management,2013,49(1):169-178.
20 Li J,Li Q,Liu C,et al.Community-based Collaborative Information System for Emergency Management[J].Computers & Operations Research,2014,42(42):116-124.
21,42 Ley B,Ludwig T,Pipek V,et al.Information and Expertise Sharing in Inter-Organizational Crisis Management[J].Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2014,23(4-6):347-387.
23 Cahyanto I,Pennington-Gray L,Thapa B,et al.Predicting Information Seeking Regarding Hurricane Evacuation in the Destination[J].Tourism Management,2016,52:264-275.
24 Khosrowjerdi M,Iranshahi M.Prior Knowledge and Information-seeking Behavior of PhD and MA Students[J].Library & Information Science Research,2011,33(4):331-335.
25 Mishra J,Allen D,Pearman A.Information Seeking,Use,and Decision Making[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology,2015,66(4):662-673.
26 Richter T,Schroeder S,W?hrmann B.You Don't have to Believe Everything You Read:Background Knowledge Permits Fast and Efficient Validation of Information [J].Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,2009,96(3):538-58.
27 林平忠.论图书馆用户的信息行为及其影响因素[J].图书馆论坛,1996(6):7-9.
28 Buntain C,Golbeck J,Liu B,et al.Evaluating Public Response to the Boston Marathon Bombing and Other Acts of Terrorism through Twitter[C]//AAAI.Proceedings of the 10th Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence’s International Conference on Web and Social Media,Cologne:AAAI,2016:555-558.
29 袁靖华,郝文琦.中美政府社交媒体的公共危机传播比较研究——以天津爆炸、波士顿爆炸等突发公共危机事件的传播为例[J].浙江传媒学院学报,2016,23(4):22-32.
30 刘兆明.社会化媒体时代的突发事件新闻传播图景——波士顿爆炸案的传播分析与启示[J].新闻记者,2013(6):65-70.
31 Ehnis C,Bunker D.The Impact of Disaster Typology on Social Media Use by Emergency Services Agencies:The Case of the Boston Marathon Bombing[C]// Deng H,Standing C.Proceedings of the 24th Australasian Conference on Information Systems.Melbourne:ACIS.2013:1-12.
32 Cassa C A,Chunara R,Mandl K,et al.Twitter as a Sentinel in Emergency Situations:Lessons from the Boston Marathon Explosions[J/OL].Plos Curr,2013,5,doi:10.1371/currents.dis.ad70cd1c8bc585e9470046cde334ee4b.
33 Sutton J,Gibson C B,Spiro E S,et al.What it Takes to Get Passed On:Message Content,Style,and Structure as Predictors of Retransmission in the Boston Marathon Bombing Response[J].Plos One,2015,10(8):e0134452.
34 Starbird K,Maddock J,Orand M,et al.Rumors,False Flags,and Digital Vigilantes:Misinformation on Twitter after the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombing[C]// Proceedings of iConference 2014.Urbana-Champaign:IDEALS,2014:654-662.
35,41 Huang Y L,Starbird K,Orand M,et al.Connected Through Crisis:Emotional Proximity and the Spread of Misinformation Online[C]//ACM.Proceedings of 2015 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing.New York:ACM,2015:969-980.
36 金志敏.基于情景的应急信息需求分析研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2013.
37 叶光辉,李纲,夏立新.面向应急决策的虚拟参考咨询要素分析[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(20):5-12.
38 刘春年,刘宇庆,刘孚清.应急产品消费者信息搜索行为研究[J].图书馆学研究,2015(9):63-73.
39 李月琳,刘冰凌.中美网络用户信息搜寻行为比较研究:基于跨文化视角[J].情报理论与实践,2015,38(3):116-121.
40 申博.社交媒体在突发事件信息传播过程中的作用分析—以美国波士顿爆炸案为例[J].华中人文论丛,2013,4(1):263-265.
43 黄亭亭.文化差异对中俄大学生网购信息搜寻行为影响比较研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.
44 宋晶,陈菊红,孙永磊.不同地域文化下网络搜寻对合作创新绩效的影响[J].管理科学,2014,27(3):39-49.
(1)体裁分析法(genre analysis method)是集语言学、社会学和心理学方法为一体的一种语篇分析方法,它超越了对语篇语言特征的简单描述,将语篇分析从表层推进到深层。本文体裁分析对象为Twitter上的新闻文本,分析内容为灾害类型及社交信息传播渠道对应急服务机构社交信息搜寻行为的影响。