功能区与行政区“双轨制”:城市政府空间管理与创新——以南京市区为例
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摘要
以南京市区为例,研究了功能区发展的发展历程、功能区与行政区的特征差异和相互关系,及功能区涌现所折射的城市政府空间重组趋势。研究表明:(1)功能区具有区别于行政区的显著特征,这些特征使得它成为了传统行政区体系的重要补充,两者之间在空间上的互补关系、在职能上的分工与合作关系是主要的,不良竞争是相对次要的。(2)功能区的大量涌现折射和推动了城市政府空间组织的三重战略性转型趋势——城市政府空间组织的焦点从空间中生产转向空间生产的管理;政府空间组织的逻辑从适应总体性管理转向弹性专业化;政府空间组织结构从等级化转向准网络化。三重转型表征的结果是,中国城市政府空间并未经历类似西方的明显消退过程,甚至于出现了一定的扩张与强化态势。
it has been witnessed the rise of functional territory in urban China in the recent decade. Up to now, the functional territory has been a new institutional territory system in parallel with the administrative territory system. The functional territory has a series of features which are distinct from these of administrative territory. The particular features support it to be an important supplement to the administrative territory system in terms of its spatiality, and be a cooperator or partner in terms of its function and power. Although the functional territory system has not been mature and stable, it indeed reflects and promotes the networking of state space in urban China in three dimensions:(1) the foci of urban state spatial restructuring is transferred from the management for industrial production and social reproduction in space to the production of space;(2) the logic of urban state spatial restructuring is to serve for flexible & specialized management rather than comprehensive & mixed one;(3) the structure of urban state space is reorganized as quasinetworking from rigid hierarchical. The result could be, of the three restructurings, the urban state space in China has not been experienced a similar shrinking process in the western counterpart but a somewhat expansion in its scale and promotion in its effectiveness.
it has been witnessed the rise of functional territory in urban China in the recent decade. Up to now, the functional territory has been a new institutional territory system in parallel with the administrative territory system. The functional territory has a series of features which are distinct from these of administrative territory. The particular features support it to be an important supplement to the administrative territory system in terms of its spatiality, and be a cooperator or partner in terms of its function and power. Although the functional territory system has not been mature and stable, it indeed reflects and promotes the networking of state space in urban China in three dimensions:(1) the foci of urban state spatial restructuring is transferred from the management for industrial production and social reproduction in space to the production of space;(2) the logic of urban state spatial restructuring is to serve for flexible & specialized management rather than comprehensive & mixed one;(3) the structure of urban state space is reorganized as quasinetworking from rigid hierarchical. The result could be, of the three restructurings, the urban state space in China has not been experienced a similar shrinking process in the western counterpart but a somewhat expansion in its scale and promotion in its effectiveness.
引文
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[34]陈浩,张京祥,林存松.城市空间开发中的“反增长政治”研究——基于南京“老城南事件”的实证[J].城市规划,2015,39(4):19-26.
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[2]陈浩,张京祥,李响宇.国家空间分异与国家空间视角的中国城市研究思路初探[J].人文地理,2017,32(5):9-16.
[3]张京祥,陈浩,胡嘉佩.中国城市空间开发中的柔性尺度调整——南京河西新城区的实证研究[J].城市规划,2014,38(1):43-49.
[4]Brenner N.New State Spaces:Urban Governance and the Rescaling of Statehood[M].New York:Oxford University Press,2004.
[5]胡燕,孙羿.新自由主义与国家空间:反思与启示[J].经济地理,2012,32(10):1-6.
[6]李禕,吴缚龙,黄贤金.解析我国区域政策的演变:基于国家空间选择变化的视角[J].现代城市研究,2015(2):2-6.
[7]马学广,李鲁奇.新国家空间理论的内涵与评价[J].人文地理,2017,32(3):1-9.
[8]盖瑞.J.米勒.管理困境——科层的政治经济学[M].北京:上海三联书店,2002.
[9]Boje D,Gephart R,Thatchenkery T.Postmodern management and organization theory[M].London:Sage,1996.
[10]Qian Y.,Xu C.Why China’s economic reforms differ:the Mform hierarchy and entry/expansion of the non-state sector[J].The Economics of Transition,1993,1(2):135-170.
[11]周飞舟.锦标赛体制[J].社会学研究,2009(3):54-77.
[12]Qian,Y.,Weingast,R.China’s transition to markets:marketpreserving federalism,Chinese style[J].Journal of Policy Reform,1996(1):149-185.
[13]郑永年.中国的“行为联邦制”:中央—地方关系的变革与动力[M].邱道隆,译.北京:东方出版社,2012.
[14]朱光磊,张志红.“职责同构”批判[J].北京大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2005(1):101-112.
[15]Lieberthal K G.Introduction:the‘fragmented authoritarianism’model and its limitations[C]//Lieberthal K G,Lampton D M,eds.Bureaucracy,politics,and decision making in postMao China.California:University of California Press,1992,1-30.
[16]Nathan,A.authoritarian resilience in China’s changing of the guard[J].Journal of Democracy,2003,14(1):11.
[17]弗洛里妮·A,赖海榕,陈业灵.中国试验:从地方创新到全国改革[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2013.
[18]Shambaugh,D.China’s communist party:atrophy and adaptation[M].Washington:Woodrow Wilson Center Press,2009.
[19]舒庆,刘君德.一种奇异的区域经济现象——行政区经济[J].战略与管理,1994(5):82-87.
[20]刘君德.中国转型期“行政区经济”现象透视——兼论中国特色人文—经济地理学的发展[J].经济地理,2006,26(6):897-901.
[21]安树伟.行政区边缘经济论[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2004.
[22]魏后凯.从重复建设走向有序竞争[M].北京:人民出版社,2001.
[23]汪宇明,王玉芹,张凯.近十年来中国城市行政区划格局的变动与影响[J].经济地理,2008,28(2):196-200.
[24]张京祥,吴缚龙.从行政区兼并到区域管治——长江三角洲的实证与思考[J].城市规划,2004(5):25-30.
[25]罗震东.中国当前的行政区划改革及其机制[J].城市规划,2005,29(8):29-35.
[26]殷洁,罗小龙.从撤县设区到区界重组——我国区县级行政区划调整的新趋势[J].城市规划,2013,37(6):9-15.
[27]Ma L JC.Urban Administrative Restructuring,Changing Scale Relations and Local Economic Development in China[J].Political Geography 2005,24(4):477-497.
[28]Shen J.Scale,State and the City:Urban Transformation in Post-reform China[J].Habitat International,2007,31(3):303-316.
[29]Weber M.Essays from Max Weber[M].London:Routledge&Kegal Paul,1946.
[30]皮黔生,王恺.走出孤岛:中国经济技术开发区概论[M].北京:三联书店,2004.
[31]乐云,张云霞,李永奎.政府投资重大工程建设指挥部模式的形成、演化及发展趋势研究[J].项目管理技术,2014,12(9):9-13.
[32]王晓易.43号文落实难政府融资平台转型遇阻[N].中国经营报,2016.6.13.
[33]陈浩,张京祥,吴启焰.转型期城市空间再开发中非均衡博弈的透视——政治经济学的视角[J].城市规划学刊,2010(5):39-46.
[34]陈浩,张京祥,林存松.城市空间开发中的“反增长政治”研究——基于南京“老城南事件”的实证[J].城市规划,2015,39(4):19-26.
[35]徐巍,古国才,钟潍.商京市住宅建设五十年回顾与展望[J].现代城市研究,2000(3):31-33.
[36]范从来.论城市建设举债的理论基础和方式——对南京市的实证分析[J].南京社会科学,2002(z1):273-282.
[37]周黎安.行政发包制[J].社会,2014(6):1-38.
[38]Storper M,Christopherson S.Flexible Specialization and Regional Industrial Agglomerations:The Case of the U.S.Motion Picture Industry[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1987,77(1):104-117.
[39]Saad-Filho A,Johnston D.Neoliberalism:A Critical Reader[M].London:Pluto Press,2005.
[40]Rhodes R A W.The New Governance:Governing without Government[J].Political Studies,2006,44(4):652-667.