地质处置后期无氧阶段X65低碳钢腐蚀行为研究
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摘要
X65低碳钢在模拟地质处置后期50℃无氧模拟地下水溶液中的主要腐蚀类型为均匀腐蚀;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量散射谱(EDS)和微区X射线衍射仪(μ-XRD)表征X65低碳钢腐蚀产物的形貌、元素和物相组成。结果表明,腐蚀产物有针状和颗粒状两种类型,包含Fe和O两种元素,产物物相为Fe_3O_4;使用失重法测得X65低碳钢平均腐蚀速率在360 d内逐渐从4.17μm/a降低到1.42μm/a,腐蚀速率随时间的变化规律符合降幂函数关系式V_(50)=1.36t~(-0.56),腐蚀过程受扩散控制。
The corrosion type of X65 low carbon steel in an artificial 50 ℃ anaerobic groundwater,which aims to simulate the environment for the later stage of geological disposal of nuclear waste, was studied. It follows that the X65 steel suffered mainly from general corrosion in the simulated groundwater.The morphologies, compositions, and phases of the corrosion product scale formed on the carbon steel surface were examined by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and X-ray micro diffraction(μ-XRD). The results indicated that the scale was mainly composed of needle-and particle-oxides, which contain mainly elements of Fe and O, and they are all magnetite. The measured average corrosion rate of the X65 steel decreased gradually from 4.17 μm/a to1.42 μm/a in 360 d, which can be described as a power function V_(50)=1.36 t~(-0.56), indicating that the film growth process was controlled by diffusion.
The corrosion type of X65 low carbon steel in an artificial 50 ℃ anaerobic groundwater,which aims to simulate the environment for the later stage of geological disposal of nuclear waste, was studied. It follows that the X65 steel suffered mainly from general corrosion in the simulated groundwater.The morphologies, compositions, and phases of the corrosion product scale formed on the carbon steel surface were examined by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and X-ray micro diffraction(μ-XRD). The results indicated that the scale was mainly composed of needle-and particle-oxides, which contain mainly elements of Fe and O, and they are all magnetite. The measured average corrosion rate of the X65 steel decreased gradually from 4.17 μm/a to1.42 μm/a in 360 d, which can be described as a power function V_(50)=1.36 t~(-0.56), indicating that the film growth process was controlled by diffusion.
引文
[1]http://world-nuclear.org/information-library/facts-and-figures/worldnuclear-power-reactors-and-uranium-requireme.aspx
[2]http://www.gov.cn/ldhd/2012-10/24/content_2250357.htm
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[20]Chen J,Qin Z,Shoesmith D W.Kinetics of corrosion film growth on copper in neutral chloride solutions containing small concentrations of sulfide[J].J.Electrochem.Soc.,2010,157:C338
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[22]Wang J Z,Wang J Q.Influence of ethanolamine on corrosion of alloy 690 in simulated secondary water[J].J.Mater.Sci.Technol.,2015,31:1039
[23]Lu Y F,Dong J H,Ke W.Effects of Cl-ions on the corrosion behaviour of low alloy steel in deaerated bicarbonate solutions[J].J.Mater.Sci.Technol.,2016,32:341
[2]http://www.gov.cn/ldhd/2012-10/24/content_2250357.htm
[3]Wang J.Geological disposal of high level radio active waste:Progress and challenges[J].Eng.Sci.,2008,10(3):58(王驹.高放废物地质处置:进展与挑战[J].中国工程科学,2008,10(3):58)
[4]McMurry J,Dixon D A,Garroni J D,et al.Evolution of a canadian deep geologic repository:base scenario[R].Toronto,Canada:Nuclear Waste Management Division,2003
[5]King F,Shoesmith D W.Nuclear waste canister materials,corrosion behaviour and long-term performance in geological repository systems[A].Ahn J,Apted M J,eds,Geological Repository Systems for Safe Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuels and Radioactive Waste[M].Cambridge:Woodhead Publishing Limited,2010
[6]King F.Overview of a carbon steel container corrosion model for a deep geological repository in sedimentary rock[R].New Brunswic,Canada:Integrity Corrosion Consulting Limited,2007
[7]Johnson L H,King F.Canister options for the disposal of spent fuel[R].Nagra,Wettingen:National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste,2003
[8]Smart N R,Blackwood D J,Werme L.Anaerobic corrosion of carbon steel and cast iron in artificial groundwaters:Part 2-gas generation[J].Corrosion,2002,58:627
[9]Martin F A,Perrin S,Bataillon C.Evaluating the corrosion rate of low alloyed steel in Callovo-Oxfordian clay:Towards a complementary EIS,gravimetric and structural study[J].MRS Proc.,2012,1475:471
[10]Martin F,Perrin S,Fenart M,et al.On corrosion of carbon steels in Callovo-Oxfordian clay:Complementary EIS,gravimetric and structural study providing insights on long term behaviour in French geological disposal conditions[J].Corros.Eng.Sci.Technol.,2014,49:460
[11]Liu C S.Corrosion behaviour of X65 low carbon steel in the environment of high level nuclear waste disposal repository[D].Shenyang:Institute of Metal,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2018(刘灿帅.高放废物地质处置环境中X65低碳钢腐蚀行为研究[D].沈阳:中国科学院金属研究所,2018)
[12]Liu C S,Wang J Q,Zhang Z M,et al.Studies on corrosion behaviour of low carbon steel canister with and withoutγ-irradiation in China's HLW disposal repository[J].Corros.Eng.Sci.Technol.,2017,52:136
[13]Liu C S,Wang J Q,Zhang Z M,et al.Characterization of corrosion behavior of irradiated X65 low carbon steel in aerobic and unsaturated gaomiaozi bentonite[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2019,32:506
[14]Liu C S,Wang J Q,Zhang Z M,et al.Effect of cumulative gamma irradiation on microstructure and corrosion behaviour of X65 low carbon steel[J].J.Mater.Sci.Technol.,2018,34:2131
[15]Xue F,Wei X,Dong J H,et al.Research progress on corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in deep geological disposal of high level[J].Corros.Sci.Prot.Technol.,2015,27:497(薛芳,魏欣,董俊华等.高放废物深地质处置环境中低碳钢腐蚀行为的研究进展[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2015,27:497)
[16]Wei X,Dong J H,Ke W.Research progress on corrosion behavior of titanium disposal container in high-level waste disposal environment[J].Corro.Sci.Prot.Technol.,2013,25:160(魏欣,董俊华,柯伟.高放射性核废料地质处置环境中钛处置罐腐蚀研究的进展[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2013,25:160)
[17]Xu Q F,Wang W,Pang X L,et al.Investigation of corrosion behaviours of high level waste container materials in simulated groundwater in China[J].Corros.Eng.Sci.Technol.,2014,49:480
[18]Cao C N.Principles of Electrochemistry of Corrosion[M].3rd Ed.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2008:205(曹楚南.腐蚀电化学原理[M].第3版.北京:化学工业出版社,2008:205)
[19]Li D.Electrochemical Principle[M].3rd Ed.Beijing:Beihang University Press,2008:53(李荻.电化学原理[M].第3版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008:53)
[20]Chen J,Qin Z,Shoesmith D W.Kinetics of corrosion film growth on copper in neutral chloride solutions containing small concentrations of sulfide[J].J.Electrochem.Soc.,2010,157:C338
[21]Leygraf C,Wallinder I O,Tidblad J,et al.Atmospheric Corrosion[M].2nd Ed.Hoboken:John Wiley&Sons,2016:110
[22]Wang J Z,Wang J Q.Influence of ethanolamine on corrosion of alloy 690 in simulated secondary water[J].J.Mater.Sci.Technol.,2015,31:1039
[23]Lu Y F,Dong J H,Ke W.Effects of Cl-ions on the corrosion behaviour of low alloy steel in deaerated bicarbonate solutions[J].J.Mater.Sci.Technol.,2016,32:341