十字花科植物与食用菌共培养通过根系分泌物促进菌丝生长
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摘要
以十字花科植物芥菜为供体,6种食用菌(金针菇、凤尾菇、香菇、杏鲍菇、黑木耳、银耳)为受体,通过共培法,研究了芥菜及其化感物质黑芥子苷对食用真菌菌丝生长的影响.结果表明,芥菜对杏鲍菇、黑木耳和银耳菌丝生长无明显促生作用,但可以显著促进金针菇、凤尾菇和香菇菌丝的生长,从而有利于缩短菌株生长周期.进一步的试验发现不是因为芥菜幼苗产生的挥发物,而是其根系分泌物对菌丝生长有促进作用.将十字花科芥菜根系分泌的主要化感物质黑芥子苷加入培养基用来培养食用菌,当浓度等于1 mg·mL~(-1)时对金针菇、凤尾菇和香菇菌丝生长促生效果最佳.
To investigate the effect of sinigrin, one of the main allelochemicals in mustard [Brassica juncea(L.) Czern. and Coss.], on the mycelial growth of edible fungi, 6 kinds of edible fungi, namely Flammulina velutiper(Fr.) Sing, Pleurotus sajur-caju, Lentinus edodes(Berk.) Sing, Pleurotus eryngii(DC. ex. Fr.) Quél], Auricularia auricula(L.ex Hook.) Underwood and Tremella fuciformis Berk, and B.juncea were co-cultivated. The results showed that co-cultivation significantly promoted the mycelial growth of F.velutipes, P.sajor-caju and L.edodes, and significantly shortened the growth periods of these 3 strains. However, no significant effect was detected on the mycelial growth of the other 3 tested fungi. Further analysis revealed that it was the root exudates of mustard, instead of the volatiles produced by seedlings, promoted the growth. Addition of 1 mg·mL~(-1) sinigrin was the optimal dosage for the mycelial growth of F.velutipes, P.sajur-caju, and L.edodes.
To investigate the effect of sinigrin, one of the main allelochemicals in mustard [Brassica juncea(L.) Czern. and Coss.], on the mycelial growth of edible fungi, 6 kinds of edible fungi, namely Flammulina velutiper(Fr.) Sing, Pleurotus sajur-caju, Lentinus edodes(Berk.) Sing, Pleurotus eryngii(DC. ex. Fr.) Quél], Auricularia auricula(L.ex Hook.) Underwood and Tremella fuciformis Berk, and B.juncea were co-cultivated. The results showed that co-cultivation significantly promoted the mycelial growth of F.velutipes, P.sajor-caju and L.edodes, and significantly shortened the growth periods of these 3 strains. However, no significant effect was detected on the mycelial growth of the other 3 tested fungi. Further analysis revealed that it was the root exudates of mustard, instead of the volatiles produced by seedlings, promoted the growth. Addition of 1 mg·mL~(-1) sinigrin was the optimal dosage for the mycelial growth of F.velutipes, P.sajur-caju, and L.edodes.
引文
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[25] KHALID S, AHMAD T, SHAD R A. Use of allelopathy in agriculture[J]. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2002,1(3):292-297.
[26] ZENG RS, MALLIK A U, SETLIFF E. Growth stimulation of ectomycorrhizal fungi by root exudates of brassicaceae plants: role of degraded compounds of indole glucosinolates[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2003,29(6):1 337-1 355.
[27] MELIN E. Growth factor requirements of mycorrhizal fungi of forest trees[J]. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, 1954,48:86-94.
[28] 赵小亮,刘新虎,贺江舟,等.棉花根系分泌物对土壤速效养分和酶活性及微生物数量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(7):1 426-1 431.
[29] 潘凯,姚友.不同黄瓜品种根系分泌物对根际土壤微生物及土壤养分的影响[J].北方园艺,2008(8):18-20.
[30] 田龙青,赵建华.食用菌与蔬菜间作技术模式[J].现代农业,2014(8):19.
[2] 孔垂华,胡飞.植物化感相生相克作用及其应用[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[3] 曾任森.化感作用研究动态和对中国化感作用学科发展的几点建议[C]//生态学的新纪元——可持续发展的理论与实践.北京:中国生态学学会, 2000.
[4] 王树起,韩晓增,乔云发.根系分泌物的化感作用及其对土壤微生物的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(6):1 219-1 226.
[5] 魏莎,李素艳,孙向阳,等.根分泌物及其化感作用研究进展[J].北方园艺,2010(18):222-226.
[6] 杨阳,刘守伟,潘凯,等.分蘖洋葱根系分泌物对黄瓜幼苗生长及根际土壤微生物的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(4):1 109-1 117.
[7] WANG Y Y, WU F Z, ZHOU X A, et al. Allelopathic effects of wheat, soybean and oat residues on cucumber and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Owen.[J]. Allelopathy Journal, 2010,25(1):107-114.
[8] BELL D T, MULLER C H. Dominance of california annual grasslands by Brassica nigra[J]. American Midland Naturalist, 1973,90(2):277-299.
[9] 韩君,罗小勇.一些十字花科植物组织的化感活性研究[J].江西农业学报,2008,20(10):76-78.
[10] 鲍红春.沙芥化感作用的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
[11] 曹凤娟,姚庆智,闫伟.萝卜对土生空团菌菌丝生长的影响[J].微生物学通报,2011(7):1 000-1 006.
[12] RAHMANPOUR S, BACKHOUSE D. Inhibitory effects of volatile substances on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum[C]. International Rapeseed Congress, 2007.
[13] 李哲敏,刘用场.我国菌物资源保护和利用的现状及成因分析[J].中国食物与营养,2005(10):15-17.
[14] 张衍栋,吕阿芳,张业川.日光温室“菌、菜”间作立体高效栽培模式[J].农业工程技术(温室园艺),2007(1):45-46.
[15] 王尚堃,章进.菇、耳、菜日光温室一年四茬栽培技术[J].食用菌,2012(1):48-49.
[16] 李叶英,张秀芹,孙伟.菌菜间作技术模式[J].现代农业科技,2008(18):80.
[17] 李友丽,王兰清,刘宇.果类蔬菜冠层下微环境及其对秀珍菇生长的影响[J].蔬菜,2014(4):68-71.
[18] HOPKINS R J, VAN DAM N M, VAN LOON J J. Role of glucosinolates in insect-plant relationships and multitrophic interactions[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 2009,54(1):57.
[19] 陈亚州,阎秀峰.芥子油苷在植物-生物环境关系中的作用[J].生态学报,2007,27(6):2 584-2 593.
[20] BROECKLING C D, BROZ A K, BERGELSON J, et al. Root exudates regulate soil fungal community composition and diversity[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2008,74(3):738.
[21] REICHELT M, BROWN P D, SCHNEIDER B, et al. Benzoic acid glucosinolate esters and other glucosinolates from Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. Phytochemistry, 2002,59(6):663-671.
[22] 陈亚州,阎秀峰.芥子油苷在植物——生物环境关系中的作用[J].生态学报,2007,27(6):2 584-2 593.
[23] CAMPBELL A G. A germination inhibitor and root-growth retarder in chou moellier (Brassica oleracea var.)[J]. Nature, 1959,183,4670:1 263-1 264.
[24] GALLANDT E R, LIEBMAN M, HUGGINS D R. Improving soil quality: implications for weed management[J]. Journal of Crop Production, 1999,2(1):95-121.
[25] KHALID S, AHMAD T, SHAD R A. Use of allelopathy in agriculture[J]. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2002,1(3):292-297.
[26] ZENG RS, MALLIK A U, SETLIFF E. Growth stimulation of ectomycorrhizal fungi by root exudates of brassicaceae plants: role of degraded compounds of indole glucosinolates[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2003,29(6):1 337-1 355.
[27] MELIN E. Growth factor requirements of mycorrhizal fungi of forest trees[J]. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, 1954,48:86-94.
[28] 赵小亮,刘新虎,贺江舟,等.棉花根系分泌物对土壤速效养分和酶活性及微生物数量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(7):1 426-1 431.
[29] 潘凯,姚友.不同黄瓜品种根系分泌物对根际土壤微生物及土壤养分的影响[J].北方园艺,2008(8):18-20.
[30] 田龙青,赵建华.食用菌与蔬菜间作技术模式[J].现代农业,2014(8):19.