吸油压力对外啮合齿轮泵空化特性的影响
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摘要
为了研究高海拔和高空作业环境对齿轮泵工作性能的影响,分析了吸油压力对外啮合齿轮泵空化特性的影响规律。采用数值模拟和可视化试验的方法,针对农业机械液压系统中常用的渐开线外啮合齿轮泵进行分析研究。分别在0. 05、0. 10、0. 15 MPa的吸油压力下,数值模拟该泵内部流场的气体体积分数分布;利用高速摄像设备,试验观测记录该泵内的实际流动状态、气泡大小、气泡数量及空化程度等。结果表明:在3种不同的吸油压力下,泵内的油液均会出现不同程度的空化现象,空化强度由大到小依次表现为漩涡流、雾化流、气泡;随着吸油压力的升高,泵内油液中出现的气泡数目逐渐减少、气泡体积逐渐减小,泵内油液的最大气体体积分数和空化程度逐渐减小,使得泵内油液的流动状态越来越平稳,进而改善了齿轮泵出口流量的连续性和稳定性。
External gear pumps are mostly used in open hydraulic circuit,such as transmission,pressurization,fuel injection and lubrication,etc. Because of the low suction pressure of the pump,air will be mixed into oil inevitably,which has a negative impact on the hydraulic system. In some special occasions,such as high altitude hydraulic system, because the equipment works at high altitude environment,the suction pressure of the fuel pump( e. g. gear pump) will be lower than the ordinary atmospheric pressure,which will undoubtedly lead to under-pressure suction of the gear pump and aggravate the cavitation phenomenon. In order to study the influence of high altitude working environment on the performance of gear pump,it is very important to fully understand the flow law of oil in gear pump and analyze the influence of oil suction pressure on its cavitation characteristics. In order to study the influence of suction pressure on cavitation characteristics of external gear pump,numerical simulation and visualization test method were used to analyze an involute external gear pump. The gear pump was widely used in fuel injection system. The simulation and test were carried out at 0. 05 MPa,0. 10 MPa and0. 15 MPa,respectively. The vapor volume fraction distribution of the gear pump's internal flow field was numerically simulated. The actual flow state,bubble size,number of bubbles and cavitation degree in the gear pump were recorded and observed. The results showed that at different suction pressures,the fluid in the gear pump would have different degrees of cavitation. The cavitation intensity from strong to weak was as following: vortex flow,veil flow and bubbles. With the increase of suction pressure,the number and volume of bubbles of the oil would be decreased gradually,which would reduce the max value of vapor volume fraction and cavitation degree of the oil,made the flow state of the oil more and more stable,and then improved the continuity and stability of gear pump's outlet flow.
External gear pumps are mostly used in open hydraulic circuit,such as transmission,pressurization,fuel injection and lubrication,etc. Because of the low suction pressure of the pump,air will be mixed into oil inevitably,which has a negative impact on the hydraulic system. In some special occasions,such as high altitude hydraulic system, because the equipment works at high altitude environment,the suction pressure of the fuel pump( e. g. gear pump) will be lower than the ordinary atmospheric pressure,which will undoubtedly lead to under-pressure suction of the gear pump and aggravate the cavitation phenomenon. In order to study the influence of high altitude working environment on the performance of gear pump,it is very important to fully understand the flow law of oil in gear pump and analyze the influence of oil suction pressure on its cavitation characteristics. In order to study the influence of suction pressure on cavitation characteristics of external gear pump,numerical simulation and visualization test method were used to analyze an involute external gear pump. The gear pump was widely used in fuel injection system. The simulation and test were carried out at 0. 05 MPa,0. 10 MPa and0. 15 MPa,respectively. The vapor volume fraction distribution of the gear pump's internal flow field was numerically simulated. The actual flow state,bubble size,number of bubbles and cavitation degree in the gear pump were recorded and observed. The results showed that at different suction pressures,the fluid in the gear pump would have different degrees of cavitation. The cavitation intensity from strong to weak was as following: vortex flow,veil flow and bubbles. With the increase of suction pressure,the number and volume of bubbles of the oil would be decreased gradually,which would reduce the max value of vapor volume fraction and cavitation degree of the oil,made the flow state of the oil more and more stable,and then improved the continuity and stability of gear pump's outlet flow.
引文
[1]何存兴,林建亚.液压元件[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[2]许贤良,赵连香,王传礼.复合齿轮泵[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
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[4]李家宁.高原环境下小断面隧道用凿岩台车液压系统设计与钻臂轻量化研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2016.LI Jianing. Design of hydraulic system and lightweight research of drill arm of drill jumbo used in small section tunnel of plateau[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[5]李国权.航空发动机滑油泵高空性分析[J].航空发动机,2008,34(1):46-47.LI Guoquan. Analysis of altitude performance of aeroengine oil pump[J]. Aeroengine,2008,34(1):46-47.(in Chinese)
[6]靳生盛.高原环境对工程机械动力系统的影响及措施[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,20(4):48-50.JIN Shengsheng. The influence and measure of plateau's environment for engineering mechanical power system[J]. Journal of Qinghai Normal University(Natural Science),2004,20(4):48-50.(in Chinese)
[7] RIEMSLAGH K,VIERENDEELS J,DICK E. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite volume method for the simulation of rotary dis-placement pump flow[J]. Applied Numerical Mathematics,2000,32(4):419-433.
[8]杜睿龙,谢安桓,周华,等.基于集中参数法的内啮合齿轮泵仿真[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(9):101-106.DU Ruilong,XIE Anhuan,ZHOU Hua,et al. Simulation on internal gear pumps utilizing lumped parameter approach[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2018,46(9):101-106.(in Chinese)
[9] CAMPO D,CASTILLA R,RAUSH A,et al. Numerical analysis of external gear pumps including cavitation[J]. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering,2012,134(8):081105.
[10]文昌明,李玉龙,钟飞.齿轮泵入口侧的空化性能研究与分析[J].机床与液压,2018,46(19):50-52,22.WEN Changming,LI Yulong,ZHONG Fei. Research on cavitation performance on the inlet side of the gear pump[J].Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2018,46(19):50-52,22.(in Chinese)
[11]刘巍,王安麟,张小路,等.高压齿轮泵过渡区阻尼结构参数化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(6):280-286.LIU Wei,WANG Anlin,ZHANG Xiaolu,et al. Parametric on transition zone damping structure in high-pressure gear pumps[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(6):280-286. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20130649&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2013. 06. 049.(in Chinese)
[12]吕亚国,刘振侠,黄健.外啮合齿轮泵内部两相流动的数值模拟[J].润滑与密封,2012,37(1):17-21.LYaguo,LIU Zhenxia,HUANG Jian. Numerical simulation of the two-phase flow in external gear pump[J]. Lubrication Engineering,2012,37(1):17-21.(in Chinese)
[13] ZHOU Junjie,VACCA A,CASOLI P. A novel approach for predicting the operation of external gear pumps under cavitating conditions[J]. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,2014,45(6):35-49.
[14] ANTONIAK P,STRYCZEK J. Visualization study of the flow processes and phenomena in the external gear pump[J].Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering,2018,18(4):1103-1115.
[15]许燕,郭津津,刘杰.基于FLUENT的齿轮泵内流场分析[J].机床与液压,2013,41(7):189-191.XU Yan,GUO Jinjin,LIU Jie. Analysis of internal flow field of gear pump based on FLUENT[J]. Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2013,41(7):189-191.(in Chinese)
[16]杨元模,胡兵,曾名嵩,等.进一步探究外啮合齿轮泵产生噪声和振动的机理及解决方法[J].机床与液压,2007,35(12):114-116.YANG Yuanmo,HU Bing,ZENG Mingsong,et al. Cause and solution for noise and vibration of external rotary gear pump[J]. Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2007,35(12):114-116.(in Chinese)
[17]吕正农,刘杰.外啮合齿轮泵产生噪声的原因及解决方法[J].流体传动与控制,2008(3):47-48.LZhengnong,LIU Jie. Noise caused from external gear pump and its solution[J]. Fluid Power Transmission&Control,2008(3):47-48.(in Chinese)
[18] MUCCHI E,RIVOLA A,DAIPIAZ G. Modelling dynamic behaviour and noise generation in gear pumps:procedure and validation[J]. Applied Acoustics,2014,77:99-111.
[19]赵伟国,翟利静,夏添,等.离心泵叶片开槽抑制空化数值模拟[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(12):150-157.ZHAO Weiguo,ZHAI Lijing,XIA Tian,et al. Numerical simulation of slotted blade in centrifugal pump on cavitation suppression[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(12):150-157. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20181219&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 12.019.(in Chinese)
[20]张人会,陈学炳,郭广强,等.低比转数离心泵叶轮内流场重构与模态分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(12):143-149.ZHANG Renhui,CHEN Xuebing,GUO Guangqiang,et al. Reconstruction and modal analysis for flow field of low specific speed centrifugal pump impeller[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(12):143-149. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20181218&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn.1000-1298. 2018. 12. 018.(in Chinese)
[21]李贝贝,刘秀梅,龙正,等.基于Fluent的节流阀油液空化流场数值分析[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(21):54-58.LI Beibei,LIU Xiumei,LONG Zheng,et al. Simulation and analysis for cavitation flow field in a throttle valve based on Fluent[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(21):54-58.(in Chinese)
[22]高红.溢流阀阀口气穴与气穴噪声的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.GAO Hong. The study on cavitation near the orifice of relief valve and cavitation induced noise[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2003.(in Chinese)
[23]李玉龙,刘焜.外啮合齿轮泵动态困油模型及其参数影响分析[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(9):214-219.LI Yulong,LIU Kun. Dynamic model of trapped oil and effect of related variables on trapped oil pressure in external spur-gear pump[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(9):214-219.(in Chinese)
[24]陈庆光,吴玉林,刘树红,等.轴流式水轮机全流道内非定常空化湍流的数值模拟[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(6):211-216.CHEN Qingguang,WU Yulin,LIU Shuhong,et al. Numerical simulation of unsteady cavitating turbulent flow in the whole flow passage of a Kaplan turbine[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2006,42(6):211-216.(in Chinese)
[2]许贤良,赵连香,王传礼.复合齿轮泵[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[3]周俊杰.齿轮泵多连通容积内空化演变过程及其影响研究[D].北京:北京理工大学,2015.ZHOU Junjie. Study on cavitation in multi-connected volumes and its effects on the operation of gear pumps[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology,2015.(in Chinese)
[4]李家宁.高原环境下小断面隧道用凿岩台车液压系统设计与钻臂轻量化研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2016.LI Jianing. Design of hydraulic system and lightweight research of drill arm of drill jumbo used in small section tunnel of plateau[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[5]李国权.航空发动机滑油泵高空性分析[J].航空发动机,2008,34(1):46-47.LI Guoquan. Analysis of altitude performance of aeroengine oil pump[J]. Aeroengine,2008,34(1):46-47.(in Chinese)
[6]靳生盛.高原环境对工程机械动力系统的影响及措施[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,20(4):48-50.JIN Shengsheng. The influence and measure of plateau's environment for engineering mechanical power system[J]. Journal of Qinghai Normal University(Natural Science),2004,20(4):48-50.(in Chinese)
[7] RIEMSLAGH K,VIERENDEELS J,DICK E. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite volume method for the simulation of rotary dis-placement pump flow[J]. Applied Numerical Mathematics,2000,32(4):419-433.
[8]杜睿龙,谢安桓,周华,等.基于集中参数法的内啮合齿轮泵仿真[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(9):101-106.DU Ruilong,XIE Anhuan,ZHOU Hua,et al. Simulation on internal gear pumps utilizing lumped parameter approach[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2018,46(9):101-106.(in Chinese)
[9] CAMPO D,CASTILLA R,RAUSH A,et al. Numerical analysis of external gear pumps including cavitation[J]. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering,2012,134(8):081105.
[10]文昌明,李玉龙,钟飞.齿轮泵入口侧的空化性能研究与分析[J].机床与液压,2018,46(19):50-52,22.WEN Changming,LI Yulong,ZHONG Fei. Research on cavitation performance on the inlet side of the gear pump[J].Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2018,46(19):50-52,22.(in Chinese)
[11]刘巍,王安麟,张小路,等.高压齿轮泵过渡区阻尼结构参数化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(6):280-286.LIU Wei,WANG Anlin,ZHANG Xiaolu,et al. Parametric on transition zone damping structure in high-pressure gear pumps[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(6):280-286. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20130649&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2013. 06. 049.(in Chinese)
[12]吕亚国,刘振侠,黄健.外啮合齿轮泵内部两相流动的数值模拟[J].润滑与密封,2012,37(1):17-21.LYaguo,LIU Zhenxia,HUANG Jian. Numerical simulation of the two-phase flow in external gear pump[J]. Lubrication Engineering,2012,37(1):17-21.(in Chinese)
[13] ZHOU Junjie,VACCA A,CASOLI P. A novel approach for predicting the operation of external gear pumps under cavitating conditions[J]. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,2014,45(6):35-49.
[14] ANTONIAK P,STRYCZEK J. Visualization study of the flow processes and phenomena in the external gear pump[J].Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering,2018,18(4):1103-1115.
[15]许燕,郭津津,刘杰.基于FLUENT的齿轮泵内流场分析[J].机床与液压,2013,41(7):189-191.XU Yan,GUO Jinjin,LIU Jie. Analysis of internal flow field of gear pump based on FLUENT[J]. Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2013,41(7):189-191.(in Chinese)
[16]杨元模,胡兵,曾名嵩,等.进一步探究外啮合齿轮泵产生噪声和振动的机理及解决方法[J].机床与液压,2007,35(12):114-116.YANG Yuanmo,HU Bing,ZENG Mingsong,et al. Cause and solution for noise and vibration of external rotary gear pump[J]. Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2007,35(12):114-116.(in Chinese)
[17]吕正农,刘杰.外啮合齿轮泵产生噪声的原因及解决方法[J].流体传动与控制,2008(3):47-48.LZhengnong,LIU Jie. Noise caused from external gear pump and its solution[J]. Fluid Power Transmission&Control,2008(3):47-48.(in Chinese)
[18] MUCCHI E,RIVOLA A,DAIPIAZ G. Modelling dynamic behaviour and noise generation in gear pumps:procedure and validation[J]. Applied Acoustics,2014,77:99-111.
[19]赵伟国,翟利静,夏添,等.离心泵叶片开槽抑制空化数值模拟[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(12):150-157.ZHAO Weiguo,ZHAI Lijing,XIA Tian,et al. Numerical simulation of slotted blade in centrifugal pump on cavitation suppression[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(12):150-157. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20181219&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 12.019.(in Chinese)
[20]张人会,陈学炳,郭广强,等.低比转数离心泵叶轮内流场重构与模态分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(12):143-149.ZHANG Renhui,CHEN Xuebing,GUO Guangqiang,et al. Reconstruction and modal analysis for flow field of low specific speed centrifugal pump impeller[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(12):143-149. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20181218&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn.1000-1298. 2018. 12. 018.(in Chinese)
[21]李贝贝,刘秀梅,龙正,等.基于Fluent的节流阀油液空化流场数值分析[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(21):54-58.LI Beibei,LIU Xiumei,LONG Zheng,et al. Simulation and analysis for cavitation flow field in a throttle valve based on Fluent[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(21):54-58.(in Chinese)
[22]高红.溢流阀阀口气穴与气穴噪声的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.GAO Hong. The study on cavitation near the orifice of relief valve and cavitation induced noise[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2003.(in Chinese)
[23]李玉龙,刘焜.外啮合齿轮泵动态困油模型及其参数影响分析[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(9):214-219.LI Yulong,LIU Kun. Dynamic model of trapped oil and effect of related variables on trapped oil pressure in external spur-gear pump[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(9):214-219.(in Chinese)
[24]陈庆光,吴玉林,刘树红,等.轴流式水轮机全流道内非定常空化湍流的数值模拟[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(6):211-216.CHEN Qingguang,WU Yulin,LIU Shuhong,et al. Numerical simulation of unsteady cavitating turbulent flow in the whole flow passage of a Kaplan turbine[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2006,42(6):211-216.(in Chinese)