两阶段方法处理多并行机多缓冲炼钢连铸生产调度问题
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摘要
针对炼钢连铸生产调度问题具有多并行机、多缓冲、多约束的特点,提出了两阶段求解浇次序列的最小完工时间,并用启发式和遗传算法进行优化的方法。在第一阶段,以浇次为单位进行单个浇次内各炉次的分配、排序及定时,并通过有限、无限和可加工缓冲区的三类缓冲能力进行调整,获得单个浇次的初始调度;第二阶段对多个浇次调度进行合并重组,以最小完工时间为目标,运用三类缓冲区的储存能力,对各炉次的加工时间改进,优化浇次的最优序列,获得更好的调度方案。最后根据某钢厂的实例用启发式和遗传算法可获得可行性优化解。
Aiming at the characteristics of parallel-machine,multi-buffer and multi-constraint within the production of steelmaking-continuous casting,a two-phase approach which integrates heuristic rules and a genetic algorithm is proposed to minimize the makespan of casts. In the first phase,heuristic rules are adopted to determine which charges in the same cast should be scheduled on which machines in what sequence at what time. And,the scheduling plan for one single cast is further optimized through allocation of the buffers including finite capacity,infinite capacity and infinite stocking after processing. In the second phase,in order to address all casts scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing makespan,the timing of charges is further adjusted and the optimal sequence of casts is given by utilizing the storage ability of the buffers. Finally,according to the case in a steel plant,a feasible optimal solution is obtained by using the heuristic rules and a genetic algorithm.
Aiming at the characteristics of parallel-machine,multi-buffer and multi-constraint within the production of steelmaking-continuous casting,a two-phase approach which integrates heuristic rules and a genetic algorithm is proposed to minimize the makespan of casts. In the first phase,heuristic rules are adopted to determine which charges in the same cast should be scheduled on which machines in what sequence at what time. And,the scheduling plan for one single cast is further optimized through allocation of the buffers including finite capacity,infinite capacity and infinite stocking after processing. In the second phase,in order to address all casts scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing makespan,the timing of charges is further adjusted and the optimal sequence of casts is given by utilizing the storage ability of the buffers. Finally,according to the case in a steel plant,a feasible optimal solution is obtained by using the heuristic rules and a genetic algorithm.
引文
[1]马文强,唐秋华,张超勇.基于离散人工蜂群算法的炼钢连铸调度优化方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2014,20(3):586-594.(Ma Wen-qiang,Tang Qiu-hua,Zhang Chao-yong.Steel-making conti-nuous-casting scheduling method based on DABC algorithm[J].Compu-ter Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2014,20(3):586-594.)
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[4]何明,唐秋华,王盛龙.炼钢-连铸天车调度规则设计与评价[J].机械设计与制造,2012(9):257-259.(He Ming,Tang Qiu-hua,Wang Sheng-long.Rules Design and Evaluat-ion of crane scheduling in steelmaking-continuous casting plant[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2012(9):257-259.)
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[7]唐立新,杨自厚,王梦光.基于准时制的炼钢-连铸生产调度问题研究[J].自动化学报,1998,24(1):1-8.(Tang Li-xin,Yang Zi-hou,Wang Meng-guang.Research on steelmakingand continuous casting production scheduling[J].Acta Automation Sinica,1998,24(1):1-8.)
[8]刘晓强,顾佳晨,孙彦广.钢铁企业MES中的计划调度系统[J].冶金自动化,2004(1):22-25,29.(Liu Xiao-qiang,Gu Jia-chen,Sun Yan-guang.Planning and schedulingsystem of MES in iron and steel industry[J].Metallurgical Industry Au-tomation,2004(1):22-25,29.)
[9]张宇,孙宪鹏.基于多代理机构的Job Shop动态优化调度策略的研究[J].制造业自动化,2001,23(3):22-24.(Zhang Yu,Sun Xian-peng.Research on the job shop optimal schedul-ing strategy based on multi-agent architecture[J].Manufacturing Auto-mation,2001,23(3):22-24)
[10]唐秋华,郑鹏,张利平.融合启发式规则和文化基因算法的多缓冲炼钢-连铸生产调度[J].计算机集成制造系统,2015,21(11):2955-2963.(Tang Qiu-hua,Zheng Peng,Zheng Li-ping.Scheduling multi-bufferedsteelmaking production via heuristic rules and memetic algorithm[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2015,21(11):2955-2963.
[2]郑鹏,唐秋华,张启敏.基于离散粒子群算法的炼钢连铸生产调度[J].机械设计与制造,2016(7):49-52.(Zheng Peng,Tang Qiu-hua,Zhang Qi-min.Discrete particle swarmoptimization for steelmaking and continuous casting production[J].Mac-hinery Design&Manufacture,2016(7):49-52.)
[3]陈立,唐秋华,陈伟明.融合约束满足和遗传优化的炼钢连铸生产调度[J].计算机集成制造系统,2013,19(11):2834-2846.(Chen Li,Tang Qiu-hua,Chen Wei-ming.Production scheduling of stee-lmaking-continuous casting via hybridizing constraint satisfaction andgenetic optimization[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2013,19(11):2834-2846.)
[4]何明,唐秋华,王盛龙.炼钢-连铸天车调度规则设计与评价[J].机械设计与制造,2012(9):257-259.(He Ming,Tang Qiu-hua,Wang Sheng-long.Rules Design and Evaluat-ion of crane scheduling in steelmaking-continuous casting plant[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2012(9):257-259.)
[5]李铁克,周健,孙林.连铸连轧和冷装热轧并存环境下的炼钢-连铸生产调度模型与算法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2006(6):117-123.(Li Tie-ke,Zhou Jian,Sun Lin.Model and Algorithm for steelmaking-co-ntinuous casting scheduling in DHCR and CCR environment[J].SystemEngineering-Theory&Practice,2006(6):117-123.)
[6]庞新富,俞胜平,罗小川.混合Jobshop炼钢-连铸重调度方法及其应用[J].系统工程理论与实践,2012,32(4):826-838.(Pang Xin-fu,Yu Sheng-ping,Luo Xiao-chun.Hybrid job shop resche-duling method and its application for steelmaking-casting[J].SystemEngineering-Theory&Practice,2012,32(4):826-838.)
[7]唐立新,杨自厚,王梦光.基于准时制的炼钢-连铸生产调度问题研究[J].自动化学报,1998,24(1):1-8.(Tang Li-xin,Yang Zi-hou,Wang Meng-guang.Research on steelmakingand continuous casting production scheduling[J].Acta Automation Sinica,1998,24(1):1-8.)
[8]刘晓强,顾佳晨,孙彦广.钢铁企业MES中的计划调度系统[J].冶金自动化,2004(1):22-25,29.(Liu Xiao-qiang,Gu Jia-chen,Sun Yan-guang.Planning and schedulingsystem of MES in iron and steel industry[J].Metallurgical Industry Au-tomation,2004(1):22-25,29.)
[9]张宇,孙宪鹏.基于多代理机构的Job Shop动态优化调度策略的研究[J].制造业自动化,2001,23(3):22-24.(Zhang Yu,Sun Xian-peng.Research on the job shop optimal schedul-ing strategy based on multi-agent architecture[J].Manufacturing Auto-mation,2001,23(3):22-24)
[10]唐秋华,郑鹏,张利平.融合启发式规则和文化基因算法的多缓冲炼钢-连铸生产调度[J].计算机集成制造系统,2015,21(11):2955-2963.(Tang Qiu-hua,Zheng Peng,Zheng Li-ping.Scheduling multi-bufferedsteelmaking production via heuristic rules and memetic algorithm[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2015,21(11):2955-2963.