南海中南部区域储层分布规律及油气成藏模式
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摘要
目前鲜有以南海中南部区域作为整体开展油气成藏模式研究.在前人研究基础上,结合构造演化、烃源岩研究,重点分析了油气分布特征,解剖了大中型油气田,开展了南海中南部区域碎屑岩储层和碳酸盐岩储层分布规律及油气成藏模式的系统研究.碎屑岩储层主要分布于万安盆地西侧、曾母盆地南侧和文莱-沙巴盆地,渐新世至上新世自南海中南部西南缘-南缘-东南缘主力碎屑岩储层分布层位逐渐变新;碳酸盐岩储层主要分布于万安盆地东部、曾母盆地中北部、礼乐盆地和巴拉望盆地.南海中南部区域迄今发现的54个特大型-大型油气田中,有碎屑岩油气田32个,碳酸盐岩油气田22个,储量合计为46.7×10~8 t,占油气总储量的81%.依据烃源岩特征、储层分布特点及典型油气田的成藏规律认识,将南海中南部的成藏模式分为3类:自生自储、砂岩储层富油为主、早期成藏;下生上储、碳酸盐岩储层富气为主、晚期成藏;自生自储、砂岩储层内油气并存、晚期成藏.
Few of researchers take the central-southern South China Sea(SCS)as a whole to study the oil and gas accumulation model.The hydrocarbon distribution features and accumulation models of both clastic reservoirs and carbonate reservoirs in central-southern SCS have been studied,based on both the previous research but also comprehensive analyses of tectonic evolution,source rock and key oil and gas field analysis.The results indicate that clastic reservoirs are mainly distributed in western Wan'an Basin,southern Zengmu Basin and Brunei-Sabah Basin.Carbonate reservoirs are mainly distributed in eastern Wan'an Basin,central-northern Zengmu Basin,Liyue Basin and Palawan Basin.There are 54 giant-supergiant oil and gas fields in central-southern SCS,among which 32 are clastic reservoirs while others are carbonate reservoirs.Reserves of these 54 fields are 4.67 billion tons,accounting for 81% of the total reserves of the whole area.Based on the characteristic analysis of source rocks,reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation of the key oil and gas fields,there are 3 kinds of accumulation patterns,and their features are as follows:source and reservoir in same layer,oil-rich clastic reservoirs,early-stage accumulation;lowersource and upper-reservoirs;gas-rich carbonate reservoirs,late-stage accumulation;source and reservoirs in same layer,oil and gas-rich clastic reservoirs,and late-stage accumulation.
Few of researchers take the central-southern South China Sea(SCS)as a whole to study the oil and gas accumulation model.The hydrocarbon distribution features and accumulation models of both clastic reservoirs and carbonate reservoirs in central-southern SCS have been studied,based on both the previous research but also comprehensive analyses of tectonic evolution,source rock and key oil and gas field analysis.The results indicate that clastic reservoirs are mainly distributed in western Wan'an Basin,southern Zengmu Basin and Brunei-Sabah Basin.Carbonate reservoirs are mainly distributed in eastern Wan'an Basin,central-northern Zengmu Basin,Liyue Basin and Palawan Basin.There are 54 giant-supergiant oil and gas fields in central-southern SCS,among which 32 are clastic reservoirs while others are carbonate reservoirs.Reserves of these 54 fields are 4.67 billion tons,accounting for 81% of the total reserves of the whole area.Based on the characteristic analysis of source rocks,reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation of the key oil and gas fields,there are 3 kinds of accumulation patterns,and their features are as follows:source and reservoir in same layer,oil-rich clastic reservoirs,early-stage accumulation;lowersource and upper-reservoirs;gas-rich carbonate reservoirs,late-stage accumulation;source and reservoirs in same layer,oil and gas-rich clastic reservoirs,and late-stage accumulation.
引文
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Wang,L.,Xie,X.J.,Liu,S.X.,et al.,2017.Analysis of Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Diversity of the Major Basins in Mid-Southern Part of the South China Sea.Natural Gas Geoscience,28(10):1546-1554(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Yao,B.C.,Liu,Z.H.,2006.Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Resources in Nansha Offshore Area,South China Sea.China Offshore Oil and Gas,18(3):150-160(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Yao,Y.J.,Liu,H.L.,Yang,C.P.,et al.,2012.Characteristics and Evolution of Cenozoic Sediments in the Liyue Basin,SE South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,60:114-129.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.08.003
Yao,Y.J.,Yang,C.P.,Li,X.J.,et al.,2013.The Seismic Reflection Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of the Tectonic Revolutionary Surface of Mid-Miocene(T3Seismic Interface)in the Southern South China Sea.ChineseJournalofGeophysics,56(4):1274-1286(in Chinese with English abstract).
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谢晓军,张功成,赵志刚,等,2015.曾母盆地油气地质条件、分布特征及有利勘探方向.中国海上油气,27(1):19-26.
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Abdullah,W.H.,Togunwa,O.S.,Makeen,Y.M.,et al.,2017.Hydrocarbon Source Potential of Eocene-Miocene Sequence of Western Sabah,Malaysia.Marine and Petroleum Geology,83:345-361.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.02.031
Cullen,A.,2014.Nature and Significance of the West Baram and Tinjar Lines,NW Borneo.Marine and Petroleum Geology,51:197-209.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.11.010
Cullen,A.B.,2010.Transverse Segmentation of the BaramBalabac Basin,NW Borneo:Refining the Model of Borneo's Tectonic Evolution.Petroleum Geoscience,16(1):3-29.https://doi.org/10.1144/1354-079309-828
Franke,D.,Barckhausen,U.,Baristeas,N.,et al.,2011.The Continent-Ocean Transition at the Southeastern Margin of the South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,28(6):1187-1204.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.01.004
Gao,H.F.,2011.A Tentative Discussion on Strike-Slipping Character and Formation Mechanism of Western-Edge Fault Belt in South China Sea.Geology in China,38(3):537-543(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hakimi,M.H.,Abdullah,W.H.,Alias,F.L.,et al.,2013.Organic Petrographic Characteristics of Tertiary(Oligocene-Miocene)Coals from Eastern Malaysia:Rank and Evidence for Petroleum Generation.International Journal of Coal Geology,120:71-81.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.10.003
Holdgate,G.R.,Sluiter,I.R.K.,Taglieri,J.,2017.EoceneOligocene Coals of the Gippsland and Australo-Antarctic Basins-Paleoclimatic and Paleogeographic Context and Implications for the Earliest Cenozoic Glaciations.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,472:236-255.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.01.035
Hu,G.Y.,Peng,W.L.,Yu,C.,2017.Insight into the C8 Light Hydrocarbon Compositional Differences between CoalDerived and Oil-Associated Gases.Journal of Natural Gas Geoscience,2(3):157-163.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnggs.2017.08.001
Jamaludin,S.N.F.,Pubellier,M.,Menier,D.,2018.Structural Restoration of Carbonate Platform in the Southern Part of Central Luconia,Malaysia.Journal of Earth Science,29(1):155-168.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-017-0812-y
Ko2a,E.,2015.Sea-Level Changes,Shoreline Journeys,and the Seismic Stratigraphy of Central Luconia,MiocenePresent,Offshore Sarawak,NW Borneo.Marine and Petroleum Geology,59:35-55.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.005
Lambiase,J.J.,Cullen,A.B.,2013.Sediment Supply Systems of the Champion“Delta”of NW Borneo:Implications for Deepwater Reservoir Sandstones.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,76:356-371.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.12.004
Liu,S.X.,Zhang,G.C.,Zhao,Z.G.,et al.,2016.Control of Tectonic Cycle in South China Sea over Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Zengmu Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,21(2):37-44(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lü,C.L.,Wu,S.G.,Yao,Y.J.,et al.,2013.Development and Controlling Factors of Miocene Carbonate Platform in the Nam Con Son Basin,Southwestern South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,45:55-68.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.04.014
Ma,B.J.,Wu,S.G.,Mi,L.J.,et al.,2018.Mixed CarbonateSiliciclastic Deposits in a Channel Complex in the Northern South China Sea.Journal of Earth Science,29(3):707-720.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-018-0830-4
Shao,L.,Cao,L.C.,Qiao,P.J.,et al.,2017.Cretaceous-Eocene Provenance Connections between the Palawan Continental Terrane and the Northern South China Sea Margin.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,477:97-107.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.08.019
Steuer,S.,Franke,D.,Meresse,F.,et al.,2013.Time Constraints on the Evolution of Southern Palawan Island,Philippines from Onshore and Offshore Correlation of Miocene Limestones.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,76:412-427.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.01.007
Suggate,S.M.,Cottam,M.A.,Hall,R.,et al.,2014.South China Continental Margin Signature for Sandstones and Granites from Palawan,Philippines.Gondwana Research,26(2):699-718.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.07.006
Tang,X.Y.,Chen,L.,Hu,S.B.,et al.,2014.Tectono-Thermal E-volution of the Reed Bank Basin,Southern South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,96:344-352.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.09.030
Vijayan,V.R.,Foss,C.,Stagg,H.,2013.Crustal Character and Thickness over the Dangerous Grounds and beneath the Northwest Borneo Trough.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,76:389-398.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.06.004
Wan,Z.F.,Xia,B.,Shi,Q.H.,et al.,2013.The Wan-An Fault and Its Relationship with the Wan-An Basin,Western South China Sea.Journal of the Geological Society of India,81(3):415-421.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-013-0052-4
Wang,D.,Xu,Y.H.,Wen,Z.G.,et al.,2013.Geochemical Characteristics and Origin of Natural Gas and Condensate in the Central Zone of Zengmu Basin.Natuarl Gas Geoscience,24(6):1205-1213(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,L.,Xie,X.J.,Liu,S.X.,et al.,2017.Analysis of Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Diversity of the Major Basins in Mid-Southern Part of the South China Sea.Natural Gas Geoscience,28(10):1546-1554(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Y.B.,Zhang,G.C.,Zhao,Z.G.,et al.,2016.The Control for Tectonic Cycle of Marginal Sea on Sedimentary Fill in South China Sea:A Case Study of Cenozoic Sediment in Lile Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,37(4):474-482(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xie,X.J.,Zhang,G.C.,Zhao,Z.G.,et al.,2015.Hydrocarbon Geology,Distribution and Favorable Exploration Direction in Zengmu Basin,South China Sea.China Offshore Oil and Gas,27(1):19-26(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xie,X.J.,Zhao,Z.G.,Zhang,G.C.,et al.,2018.Hydrocarbon Geological Differences of Three Basins in Southern South China Sea.Earth Science,43(3):802-811(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.508
Yang,Z.,Zhang,G.X.,Zhang,L.,2016.The Evolution and Main Controlling Factors of Reef and Carbonate Platform in Wan'an Basin.Earth Science,41(8):1349-1360(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2016.107
Yao,B.C.,Liu,Z.H.,2006.Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Resources in Nansha Offshore Area,South China Sea.China Offshore Oil and Gas,18(3):150-160(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao,B.C.,Wan,L.,2006.Three-Dimensional Structure of Lithosphere and Its Evolution in South China Sea.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Yao,Y.J.,Liu,H.L.,Yang,C.P.,et al.,2012.Characteristics and Evolution of Cenozoic Sediments in the Liyue Basin,SE South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,60:114-129.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.08.003
Yao,Y.J.,Yang,C.P.,Li,X.J.,et al.,2013.The Seismic Reflection Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of the Tectonic Revolutionary Surface of Mid-Miocene(T3Seismic Interface)in the Southern South China Sea.ChineseJournalofGeophysics,56(4):1274-1286(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ye,Q.,Shi,H.S.,Mei,L.F.,et al.,2017.Post-Rift Faulting Migration,Transition and Dynamics in ZhuⅠDepression,Pearl River Mouth Basin.Earth Science,42(1):105-118(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.008
Zhang,G.C.,Wang,P.J.,Wu,J.F.,et al.,2015.Tectonic Cycle of Marginal Oceanic Basin:A New Evolution Model of the South China Sea.Earth Science Frontiers,22(3):27-37(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao,Z.G.,Liu,S.X.,Xie,X.J.,et al.,2016.Hydrocarbon Geological Characteristics and Reservoir Forming Conditions in Wan'an Basin,South China.China Offshore Oil and Gas,28(4):9-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
高红芳,2011.南海西缘断裂带走滑特征及其形成机理初步研究.中国地质,38(3):537-543.
刘世翔,张功成,赵志刚,等,2016.南海构造旋回对曾母盆地油气成藏的控制作用.中国石油勘探,21(2):37-44.
王登,徐耀辉,文志刚,等,2013.曾母盆地中部地区天然气与凝析油地球化学特征及成因.天然气地球科学,24(6):1205-1213.
王龙,谢晓军,刘世翔,等,2017.南海南部主要盆地油气分布规律及主控因素.天然气地球科学,28(10):1546-1554.
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(1)https://ihsmarkit.com;2019-01-17.