全球公民社会时代中国女性NGO发展与转型
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摘要
20世纪90年代,全球公民社会时代到来,中国妇女NGO发展也进入了一个非常重要的转折时期。1995年,北京世界妇女大会触发了改革开放以来中国社会积蓄的能量,共同促成了中国女性NGO的大发展——以妇联为代表的GONGO开始改革转型;大量民间妇女NGO快速成长壮大,机制上日益走向成熟。十八大以来,女性NGO与中国经济社会发展状况、中国NGO整体发展格局相适应,在理念、体制、资源、能力、素质各个方面都迈出新步伐、取得新成就。这些女性NGO的各自发展状况、它们之间的互动关系将决定中国NGO的未来发展格局。
In the 1990 s, with the advent of the era of global civil society, the development of Chinese women's NGOs has entered a very important turning point. The United Nations' Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing triggered the energy accumulated by Chinese social organization since the Reform and Opening up, which led to the great development of Chinese women's NGOs—Government-operated NGOs re-presented by the All-China Women's Federation began to explore reform and transformation while semi-offi-cial NGOs and grass-roots NGOs grew rapidly with more mature mechanisms. Since the 18 th National Con-gress, female NGOs have made new strides and achievements in all aspects of ideas, systems, resources, a-bilities and qualities in line with China's economic and social development as well as the overall development of NGOs. The respective developments of these women's NGOs and their interaction will contribute to the fu-ture development pattern of NGOs in China.
In the 1990 s, with the advent of the era of global civil society, the development of Chinese women's NGOs has entered a very important turning point. The United Nations' Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing triggered the energy accumulated by Chinese social organization since the Reform and Opening up, which led to the great development of Chinese women's NGOs—Government-operated NGOs re-presented by the All-China Women's Federation began to explore reform and transformation while semi-offi-cial NGOs and grass-roots NGOs grew rapidly with more mature mechanisms. Since the 18 th National Con-gress, female NGOs have made new strides and achievements in all aspects of ideas, systems, resources, a-bilities and qualities in line with China's economic and social development as well as the overall development of NGOs. The respective developments of these women's NGOs and their interaction will contribute to the fu-ture development pattern of NGOs in China.
引文
[1]刘伯红.中国妇女非政府组织的发展[J].浙江学刊,2000(4):109-114.
[2]徐飞.潘多拉之盒放出的又一幽灵——“性骚扰”:困扰当代青年的社会问题[J].中国青年研究,1993(5):30-32.
[3]坚持中国特色社会主义妇女发展道路组织动员妇女走在时代前列建功立业[N].人民日报,2018-11-03.
[4]邓国胜.中国草根NGO发展的现状与障碍[J].社会观察,2010(5):12-13.
[5]张震环.新时期推进中国妇女发展的对策研究——基于国家与社会关系的视角[J].山东女子学院学报,2017(2):9-15.
(1)A. Westad(eds), Beyond the Cold War:New Dimensions in International Relations, Oslo:Scandinavian University Press, 1992; Ronnie D.Lipschutz,Reconstructing World Politics:The Emergence of Global Civil Society, Millennium:Journal of International Studies, 21(3), 1992;Various, Miguel Darcy De Oliveira and Rajesh Tandon, Citizens:Strengthening Global Civil Society, Washington:Civicus, 1994; Lester M.Salamon,The Rise of the Nonprofit Sector, Foreign Affairs, 73(4),1994.
(2)参见1995年北京世界妇女大会,中华人民共和国外交部网站,https://www. mfa. gov. cn/chn//pds/ziliao/wjs/2159/t8963. htm。
(1)参见李思磐的《中国女权:世妇会后二十年》,中国发展简报网,http://www. chinadevelopmentbrief. org. cn/news-9074. html。
(1)参见《贯彻基本国策实现性别平等》,《人民日报》,2015年10月13日;中国儿童少年基金会-春蕾计划,http://www. cctf. org. cn/zt/cljh/。
(1)参见《妇女工作简报》2018年第8期,厦门妇女网,http://www. xmwomen. org. cn/zlzhx/gzjb/3326419. htm。
(1)参见Bai Guimei的Development of Chinese Women.s NGOs since the 1995 World Women.s Conference, FICHL Policy Brief Series No. 57(2016), www. toaep. org/pbs-pdf/57-bai。
[2]徐飞.潘多拉之盒放出的又一幽灵——“性骚扰”:困扰当代青年的社会问题[J].中国青年研究,1993(5):30-32.
[3]坚持中国特色社会主义妇女发展道路组织动员妇女走在时代前列建功立业[N].人民日报,2018-11-03.
[4]邓国胜.中国草根NGO发展的现状与障碍[J].社会观察,2010(5):12-13.
[5]张震环.新时期推进中国妇女发展的对策研究——基于国家与社会关系的视角[J].山东女子学院学报,2017(2):9-15.
(1)A. Westad(eds), Beyond the Cold War:New Dimensions in International Relations, Oslo:Scandinavian University Press, 1992; Ronnie D.Lipschutz,Reconstructing World Politics:The Emergence of Global Civil Society, Millennium:Journal of International Studies, 21(3), 1992;Various, Miguel Darcy De Oliveira and Rajesh Tandon, Citizens:Strengthening Global Civil Society, Washington:Civicus, 1994; Lester M.Salamon,The Rise of the Nonprofit Sector, Foreign Affairs, 73(4),1994.
(2)参见1995年北京世界妇女大会,中华人民共和国外交部网站,https://www. mfa. gov. cn/chn//pds/ziliao/wjs/2159/t8963. htm。
(1)参见李思磐的《中国女权:世妇会后二十年》,中国发展简报网,http://www. chinadevelopmentbrief. org. cn/news-9074. html。
(1)参见《贯彻基本国策实现性别平等》,《人民日报》,2015年10月13日;中国儿童少年基金会-春蕾计划,http://www. cctf. org. cn/zt/cljh/。
(1)参见《妇女工作简报》2018年第8期,厦门妇女网,http://www. xmwomen. org. cn/zlzhx/gzjb/3326419. htm。
(1)参见Bai Guimei的Development of Chinese Women.s NGOs since the 1995 World Women.s Conference, FICHL Policy Brief Series No. 57(2016), www. toaep. org/pbs-pdf/57-bai。