魂归何处——回看辛亥至五四时期的中国艺术
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摘要
有必要把五四文学同辛亥文学联系起来并扩展为五四艺术去分析。伴随政体由古典帝制向现代共和制的根本改变,现代中国艺术逐渐开始自身的现代性转变:徐枕亚的断魂之痛,苏曼殊的无魂之殇,吴昌硕的强骨向生,鲁迅的丧魂之狂语和胡适的白话文乌托邦等,相继成为辛亥至五四时段中国艺术中引人瞩目的风景带。它们的共同点之一在于要在丧魂落魄的年代为现代中国艺术寻找和建构新灵魂,尽管魂归何处仍是一个待解的疑难。
It is necessary to link the May Fourth literature with the Xinhai literature and to expand them into the May Fourth art for analysis. With the fundamental change of the political system from traditional monarchy to modern republic, modern Chinese art began its own modern transformation. For example, Xu Zhenya's pain of soul breaking, Su Manshu's mourning of soullessness, Wu Changshuo's endless growth of strong spirit, Lu Xun's madness of wounded soul, and Hu Shi's vernacular Utopia, have successively become the spotlights of Chinese art from the Xinhai Revolution to the May Fourth Movement. They shared the common objective to seek and construct new souls for modern Chinese art in the era when people lost souls and spirits, although where the souls went remained an intractable problem to be solved.
It is necessary to link the May Fourth literature with the Xinhai literature and to expand them into the May Fourth art for analysis. With the fundamental change of the political system from traditional monarchy to modern republic, modern Chinese art began its own modern transformation. For example, Xu Zhenya's pain of soul breaking, Su Manshu's mourning of soullessness, Wu Changshuo's endless growth of strong spirit, Lu Xun's madness of wounded soul, and Hu Shi's vernacular Utopia, have successively become the spotlights of Chinese art from the Xinhai Revolution to the May Fourth Movement. They shared the common objective to seek and construct new souls for modern Chinese art in the era when people lost souls and spirits, although where the souls went remained an intractable problem to be solved.
引文
方玉润:《诗经原始》,李先耕点校。北京:中华书局,1986年。[Fang,Yurun.Origin of The Book of Songs.Ed.Li Xiangeng.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1986.]
胡适:《尝试集》,《胡适全集》第10卷。合肥:安徽教育出版社,2003年。3—147。[Hu,Shi.A Collection of Experimental Modern Vernacular Poems.Complete Works of Hu Shi.Vol.10.Hefei:Anhui Education Press,2003.3-147.]
金克木:“玉梨魂不散,金锁记重来——谈历史的荒诞”,《文化卮言》。北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006年。164—73。[Jin,Kemu.“Soul of Jade Pear Never Dies,Legend of Golden Lock Returns:Talking about the Absurdity of History.”Essay of Culture.Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2006.164-73.]
鲁迅:“儗播布美术意见书”,《鲁迅全集》第八卷。北京:人民文学出版社,1981年。43—48。[Lu,Xun.“A Proposal of Defining and Spreading Art.”Complete Works of Lu Xun.Vol.8.Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House,1981.43-48.]
——:“热风·随感录三十六”,《鲁迅全集》第一卷。北京:人民文学出版社,1981年。310—11。[——.“Hot Wind·Essay Thirty-Six.” Complete Works of Lu Xun.Vol.1.Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House,1981.310-11.]
——:“狂人日记”,《鲁迅全集》第一卷。北京:人民文学出版社,1981年。423—34。[——.“A Madman's Diary.” Complete Works of Lu Xun.Vol.1.Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House,1981.423-34.]
卡尔·马克思:“路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日”,《马克思恩格斯选集》第一卷。北京:人民出版社,1995年。584—689。[Marx,Karl.“The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte.”Selected Works of Marx and Engels.Vol.1.Beijing:People's Publishing House,1995.584-689.]
潘天寿:“谈谈吴昌硕先生”,《潘天寿艺术随笔》,徐建融编。上海:上海文艺出版社,2012年。115—23。[Pan,Tianshou.“Talking about Mr.Wu Changshuo.”Pan Tianshou's Essays on Art.Ed.Xu Jianrong.Shanghai:Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House,2012.115-23.]
苏曼殊:“断鸿零雁记”,《苏曼殊集》,张竟无编。北京:东方出版社,2008年。59—112。[Su,Manshu.“The Lone Swan.”A Collection of Su Manshu.Ed.Zhang Jingwu.Beijing:Oriental Publish-ing House,2008.59-112.]
徐枕亚:《玉梨魂》,《中国近代文学大系小说集》第6卷。上海:上海书店,1991年。426—595。[Xu,Zhenya.Soul of Jade Pear.A Treasury of Modern Chinese Literature.Vol.6.Shanghai:Shanghai Bookstore,1991.426-595.]
胡适:《尝试集》,《胡适全集》第10卷。合肥:安徽教育出版社,2003年。3—147。[Hu,Shi.A Collection of Experimental Modern Vernacular Poems.Complete Works of Hu Shi.Vol.10.Hefei:Anhui Education Press,2003.3-147.]
金克木:“玉梨魂不散,金锁记重来——谈历史的荒诞”,《文化卮言》。北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006年。164—73。[Jin,Kemu.“Soul of Jade Pear Never Dies,Legend of Golden Lock Returns:Talking about the Absurdity of History.”Essay of Culture.Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2006.164-73.]
鲁迅:“儗播布美术意见书”,《鲁迅全集》第八卷。北京:人民文学出版社,1981年。43—48。[Lu,Xun.“A Proposal of Defining and Spreading Art.”Complete Works of Lu Xun.Vol.8.Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House,1981.43-48.]
——:“热风·随感录三十六”,《鲁迅全集》第一卷。北京:人民文学出版社,1981年。310—11。[——.“Hot Wind·Essay Thirty-Six.” Complete Works of Lu Xun.Vol.1.Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House,1981.310-11.]
——:“狂人日记”,《鲁迅全集》第一卷。北京:人民文学出版社,1981年。423—34。[——.“A Madman's Diary.” Complete Works of Lu Xun.Vol.1.Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House,1981.423-34.]
卡尔·马克思:“路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日”,《马克思恩格斯选集》第一卷。北京:人民出版社,1995年。584—689。[Marx,Karl.“The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte.”Selected Works of Marx and Engels.Vol.1.Beijing:People's Publishing House,1995.584-689.]
潘天寿:“谈谈吴昌硕先生”,《潘天寿艺术随笔》,徐建融编。上海:上海文艺出版社,2012年。115—23。[Pan,Tianshou.“Talking about Mr.Wu Changshuo.”Pan Tianshou's Essays on Art.Ed.Xu Jianrong.Shanghai:Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House,2012.115-23.]
苏曼殊:“断鸿零雁记”,《苏曼殊集》,张竟无编。北京:东方出版社,2008年。59—112。[Su,Manshu.“The Lone Swan.”A Collection of Su Manshu.Ed.Zhang Jingwu.Beijing:Oriental Publish-ing House,2008.59-112.]
徐枕亚:《玉梨魂》,《中国近代文学大系小说集》第6卷。上海:上海书店,1991年。426—595。[Xu,Zhenya.Soul of Jade Pear.A Treasury of Modern Chinese Literature.Vol.6.Shanghai:Shanghai Bookstore,1991.426-595.]