我国科技伦理评估初探——以调查公众伦理选择为路径
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摘要
科技评估分事实和价值两个维度,当前我国科技评估重视事实意义上的效果评估,忽视价值层面的伦理评估。科研人员面对伦理困境时的选择行为是伦理评估的直接对象。科技伦理评估要回应公众的伦理诉求,调查公众伦理选择是必然路径。为了使公众的伦理选择更真实,应使公众置身于设定的科技伦理困境中进行选择。以真性伦理困境和假性伦理困境两个维度设计量表,探明公众伦理选择情况,结合理论分析,对我国科技伦理评估提出六项建议。
S&T evaluation consists of two dimensions of the fact and the value. At present,S&T evaluation in China attaches great importance to the effect evaluation of the fact level,but neglects the ethical evaluation of the value level. The choice behavior of scientific researchers in the face of ethical dilemmas is the direct object of ethical evaluation. The S&T Ethical Evaluation should respond to the ethical demands of the public. It is an inevitable path to investigate the ethical choice of public. In order to make the public's ethical choices more real,the public should be placed in the predicament of science and technology ethics. On the basis of theoretical analysis,six pieces of suggestion is put forward for the S&T ethical evaluation of China.
S&T evaluation consists of two dimensions of the fact and the value. At present,S&T evaluation in China attaches great importance to the effect evaluation of the fact level,but neglects the ethical evaluation of the value level. The choice behavior of scientific researchers in the face of ethical dilemmas is the direct object of ethical evaluation. The S&T Ethical Evaluation should respond to the ethical demands of the public. It is an inevitable path to investigate the ethical choice of public. In order to make the public's ethical choices more real,the public should be placed in the predicament of science and technology ethics. On the basis of theoretical analysis,six pieces of suggestion is put forward for the S&T ethical evaluation of China.
引文
[1]欧阳进良,杨云,韩军,施筱勇.英国双重科研资助体系下的科技评估及其经验借鉴[J].科学学研究,2009(7):1027-1034.
[2]曹晟,田大山.美国科技评估立法实践及其对中国的借鉴意义[J].自然辩证法通讯,2004(6):57-61,111.
[3]李萌.深化科技体制改革推进科技评估工作[J].中国行政管理,2016(12):6-7.
[4]欧阳进良,张俊清,李有平.我国科技评估与评价实践的分析与探讨[J].中国科技论坛,2010(5):5-8,35.
[5]盛承发.科技评估的效率原理与模型探讨[J].科研管理,2003(01):40-43.
[6]徐耀玲,唐五湘,吴秉坚.科技评估指标体系设计的原则及其应用研究[J].中国软科学,2000(2)48-51.
[7][英]菲利普·夏皮拉,[德]斯蒂芬·库尔曼.科技政策评估:来自美国与欧洲的经验[M].方衍,邢怀滨,译.北京:科学技术文献出版社,2015:19-20.
[8]Resnik D B. The Ethics of Science:An Introduction[M]. London;New York:Routledge,1998:64.
[2]曹晟,田大山.美国科技评估立法实践及其对中国的借鉴意义[J].自然辩证法通讯,2004(6):57-61,111.
[3]李萌.深化科技体制改革推进科技评估工作[J].中国行政管理,2016(12):6-7.
[4]欧阳进良,张俊清,李有平.我国科技评估与评价实践的分析与探讨[J].中国科技论坛,2010(5):5-8,35.
[5]盛承发.科技评估的效率原理与模型探讨[J].科研管理,2003(01):40-43.
[6]徐耀玲,唐五湘,吴秉坚.科技评估指标体系设计的原则及其应用研究[J].中国软科学,2000(2)48-51.
[7][英]菲利普·夏皮拉,[德]斯蒂芬·库尔曼.科技政策评估:来自美国与欧洲的经验[M].方衍,邢怀滨,译.北京:科学技术文献出版社,2015:19-20.
[8]Resnik D B. The Ethics of Science:An Introduction[M]. London;New York:Routledge,1998:64.