刈割次数对甘肃庆阳地区光敏型高丹草产量及品质的影响
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摘要
在甘肃庆阳黄土高原雨养农业区,以光敏型高丹草品种"大卡BMR"和"海牛"为对象,采用全生育期刈割一茬和两茬处理,测定各茬次产草量、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和糖锤度(BX),计算总可消化养分(TDN)含量,分析刈割茬次和品种对产草量、品质的影响。结果表明:品种对鲜草产量影响极显著(P<0.01);刈割茬次对鲜草和干物质产量影响极显著(P<0.01);总鲜草产量以刈割两茬最高,平均为128.87t/hm~2;总干物质产量以刈割一茬最高,平均为27.65t/hm~2;品种间鲜草和干物质产量对刈割茬次的响应程度不一致。品种对CP、ADF和TDN含量影响极显著(P<0.01),对NDF和BX影响显著(P<0.05);刈割茬次对各营养成分含量均影响极显著(P<0.01);不同品种的CP、NDF和TDN含量对刈割茬次响应不一致。品种对CP和TDN产量影响不显著,刈割茬次对二者影响极显著(P<0.01);CP产量以刈割两茬之和最高,平均为2.52t/hm~2;TDN产量以刈割一茬最高,平均为14.07t/hm~2。综合分析表明,从生产优质饲草料和单位面积营养物质产出的角度考虑,以粗蛋白质和总可消化养分产量为目标时,选择品种大卡BMR并采用刈割两茬的生产方式最佳;以干物质和总可消化养分产量为目标时,选择品种大卡BMR并采用刈割一茬的生产方式最佳。
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cutting frequency on the yield and quality of photoperiod-sensitive sorghum-sudan hybrids in the rain-fed agriculture region on the loess plateau in Qingyang city, Gansu. Two hybrids cultivars(Big Kahuna BMR and Monster) were grown under two cutting regime(Forced once and twice in the whole growth period), the content of crude protein(CP), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and brix scale(BX) were measured and total digestible nutrient(TDN) was calculated. Results showed that the fresh yield of different variety was different(P<0.01); the effect of cutting frequency on the fresh and dry matter yield was significant(P<0.01); the total fresh yield was the highest under cutting twice treatments, and the average yield was 128.87 t/hm~2, but the one-cut total dry matter yield was the highest and the average was 27.65 t/hm~2. The response of the fresh yield and the dry matter yield of different cultivars to cutting frequency was different. CP, ADF and TDN content of different cultivars were significantly different(P<0.01), and the contents of NDF and BX were significantly different(P<0.05); the effect of cutting frequency on the content of nutrient components was significant(P<0.01); The response of the response of CP, NDF and TDN contents of different cultivars to cutting frequency was not consistent. The yield of CP and TDN was not significantly affected by the cultivars, but significantly affected by cutting frequency(P<0.01). The CP yield was highest with the sum of cutting twice with an average 2.52 t/hm~2, and the TDN yield was highest in cutting once with an average 14.07 t/hm~2. In conclusion, considering the production of high quality forage and nutrient output per unit area, when taking the CP and TDN yield as the target, Big Kahuna BMR should be selected and cut twice in growth period; when the target was the yield of DM and TDN, the optima selection was the variety of Big Kahuna BMR with the cutting at one time.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cutting frequency on the yield and quality of photoperiod-sensitive sorghum-sudan hybrids in the rain-fed agriculture region on the loess plateau in Qingyang city, Gansu. Two hybrids cultivars(Big Kahuna BMR and Monster) were grown under two cutting regime(Forced once and twice in the whole growth period), the content of crude protein(CP), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and brix scale(BX) were measured and total digestible nutrient(TDN) was calculated. Results showed that the fresh yield of different variety was different(P<0.01); the effect of cutting frequency on the fresh and dry matter yield was significant(P<0.01); the total fresh yield was the highest under cutting twice treatments, and the average yield was 128.87 t/hm~2, but the one-cut total dry matter yield was the highest and the average was 27.65 t/hm~2. The response of the fresh yield and the dry matter yield of different cultivars to cutting frequency was different. CP, ADF and TDN content of different cultivars were significantly different(P<0.01), and the contents of NDF and BX were significantly different(P<0.05); the effect of cutting frequency on the content of nutrient components was significant(P<0.01); The response of the response of CP, NDF and TDN contents of different cultivars to cutting frequency was not consistent. The yield of CP and TDN was not significantly affected by the cultivars, but significantly affected by cutting frequency(P<0.01). The CP yield was highest with the sum of cutting twice with an average 2.52 t/hm~2, and the TDN yield was highest in cutting once with an average 14.07 t/hm~2. In conclusion, considering the production of high quality forage and nutrient output per unit area, when taking the CP and TDN yield as the target, Big Kahuna BMR should be selected and cut twice in growth period; when the target was the yield of DM and TDN, the optima selection was the variety of Big Kahuna BMR with the cutting at one time.
引文
[1] 贺春贵,何振富,王斐.光敏型高丹草复种穴播高效栽培模式研究[J].草业学报, 2017, 26(5): 70-80.He Chungui, He Zhenfu, Wang Fei. Efficient double cropping pattern of photoperiod-sensitive sorghum-sudangrass hybrids in summer after winter wheat[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(5): 70-80.
[2] Ketterings Q M, Godwin G, Cherney J H, et al. Potassium management for brown midrib Sorghum×sudangrass as replacement for corn silage in the north-eastern USA[J]. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science, 2010, 191(1):41-46.
[3] T?lle M, Deák B, Poschlod P, et al. Grazing vs. mowing: A meta-analysis of biodiversity benefits for grassland management[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2016, 222:200-212.
[4] 包乌云,赵萌莉,红梅,等.刈割对人工草地产量和补偿性生长的影响[J].中国草地学报, 2015, 37(5): 46-51.Bao Wuyun, Zhao Mengli, Hong Mei, et al. Effect of cutting on yield and compensatory growth of artificial pasture[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2015, 37(5): 46-51.
[5] 丁成龙,顾洪如,许能祥,等.不同刈割期对多花黑麦草饲草产量及品质的影响[J].草业学报, 2011, 20(6): 186-194.Ding Chenglong, Gu Hongru, Xu Nengxiang, et al. Effect of cutting time on the biomass production and forage quality of Lolium multiflorum[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(6): 186-194.
[6] 王丽华,刘尉,王金牛,等.不同刈割强度下草地群落、层片及物种的补偿性生长[J].草业学报, 2015, 24(6): 35-42.Wang Lihua, Liu Wei, Wang Jinniu, et al. The compensatory growth of plant community, synusia and species under different clipping intensity[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(6):35-42.
[7] 郭孝,邓红雨,胡华锋,等.不同刈割组合方式对皇竹草生长和生产特点的影响[J].草业学报, 2017, 26(1): 72-80.Guo Xiao, Deng Hongyu, Hu Huafeng, et al. Effects of different cutting height and frequency combinations on growth and production performance of hybrid giant napie[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(1): 72-80.
[8] 吴姝菊.刈割次数与施肥水平对高丹草产量和品质的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2006(6): 36-38.Wu Shuju. The effect of cutting number of times and applying fertilizer level on yield and quality of S.bicolor×S.sudanese[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2006(6): 36-38.
[9] 牟芝兰.刈割周期对苏丹草叶片生长的影响[J].草业科学, 1994, 11(6): 29-31.Mu Zhilan. The effect of cutting cycle on leaves growth of sudangrass[J]. Pratacultural Science, 1994,11(6): 29-31.
[10] 王鹏,权金鹏,王南,等.种植密度和多茬收割对不同品种饲用型甜高粱产量的影响[J].畜牧兽医杂志, 2017, 36(5):1-5.Wang Peng, Quan Jinpeng, Wang Nan, et al. Effect of plant density and cutting frequence on different sorghum cultivars forage yield[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2017, 36(5): 1-5.
[11] 中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,浙江大学,内蒙古畜牧科学院,等.GB/T20806-2006, 饲料中中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的测定[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2007.Institute of Animal Sciences of CAAS, Zhejiang University, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, et al. GB/T20806-2006, determination of neutral detergent fiber in feedstuffs[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2007.
[12] 中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T1459-2007, 饲料中酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的测定[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China. NY/T1459-2007, determination of acid detergentfiber in feedstuff(ADF)[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008.
[13] 国家技术监督局. GB/T6432-1994, 饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 1995.State Bureau of Technical Supervision. GB/T6432-1994, method for the determination of crude protein in feedstuffs[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1995.
[14] 张吉鵾.反刍家畜粗饲料品质评定的指标及其应用比较[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2006, 42(5): 47-50.Zhang Jikun. Quality evaluation parameters of ruminant coarse fodder and their application comparison[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2006, 42(5): 47-50.
[15] 夏景新,樊奋成.刈牧对禾草草地的再生和生产力影响的研究进展[J].草地学报, 1994, 2(1):45-55.Xia Jingxin, Fan Fengcheng. Progress in studies of the effects of defoliationon regrowth and production in grass pasture[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 1994, 2(1):45-55.
[16] 常玉卉,赵威军,张阳,等.不同刈割次数对甜高粱产草量的影响[J].山西农业科学, 2017, 45(5): 753-755.Chang Yuhui, Zhao Weijun, Zhang Yang, et al. Effect of different cutting times on the grass yield of sweet sorghum[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(5): 753-755.
[17] 刘丽华,曾宪国,李红宇,等.青刈对饲用甜高粱产量和品质的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2011, 23(1): 5-7.Liu Lihua, Zeng Xianguo, Li Hongyu, et al. Influence of harvest by stages on the sweet sorghum yield and quality[J]. Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2011, 23(1): 5-7.
[18] 何振富,贺春贵,魏玉明,等.光敏型高丹草在陇东旱塬的生物学特性和营养成分比较研究[J].草业学报, 2015, 24(10): 166-174.He Zhenfu,He Chungui,Wei Yuming,et al. Biological characteristics and nutrients of the photoperiod-sensitive sorghum × sudangrass varieties in the arid land of east Gansu[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(10): 166-174.
[19] 刘景辉,赵宝平,焦立新,等.刈割次数与留茬高度对内农1号苏丹草产草量和品质的影响[J].草地学报, 2005, 13(2): 93-96.Liu Jinghui, Zhao Baoping, Jiao Lixin, et al. Effect of different clipping frequencies and stubble height on the yield and quality of Sorghum sudanense Stapf. cv. Neinong No. 1[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2005, 13(2):93-96.
[20] 李春宏,苏衍菁,张培通,等.不同刈割时期对甜高粱产量和品质的影响[J].南方农业学报, 2018(2): 239-245.Li Chunhong, Su Yanjing, Zhang Peitong, et al. Effects of different mowing times on yield and quality of sweet sorghum[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2018(2): 239-245.
[21] 郑庆福,杨恒山,赵兰坡.刈割次数对杂交甜高梁草产量及品质的影响[J].草业科学, 2009, 26(2): 76-79.Zheng Qingfu, Yang Hengshan, Zhao Lanpo. Effects of clipping frequency on yield and quality of hybrid sweet sorghum[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2009, 26(2): 76-79.
[22] 沈艳,杨鹏,覃强.不同刈割处理对苏丹草生产性能的影响[J].草原与草坪, 2009(2): 25-28.Shen Yan, Yang Peng, Qin Qiang. Effect of different clipping frequencies on stubble height and yield of Sorghum sudanense[J]. Grassland and Turf, 2009(2): 25-28.
[23] 李春喜,冯海生,闫慧颖,等.不同海拔生态区甜高粱和玉米及甜高粱不同刈割次数的养分含量[J].草地学报, 2016, 24(2):425-432.Li Chunxi, Feng Haisheng, Yan Huiying, et al. Nutrient content of sweet sorghum and corns in different altitude regions and sweet sorghum in different clipping frequency[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2016, 24(2): 425-432.
[24] 于辉,贠静,张青青,等.不同刈割次数对奇台苏丹草营养水平的影响[J].饲料研究, 2015(13): 1-3.Yu Hui, Yun Jing, Zhang Qingqing, et al. Effects of different cutting times on nutrient level of Sultan grass in Qitai[J]. Feed Research, 2015(13): 1-3.
[25] 何振富,贺春贵,王国栋,等.种植密度对光敏型高丹草营养成分及动态变化的影响[J].草业学报, 2018, 27(10): 93-104.He Zhenfu, He Chungui, Wang Guodong, et al. Effect of planting density on nutrients and their dynamic changes of PPS sorghum-sudangrass hybrids[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(10): 93-104.
[26] 张鲜花,穆肖芸,董乙强,等.刈割次数对不同混播组合草地产量及营养品质的影响[J].新疆农业科学, 2014, 51(5): 951-956.Zhang Xianhua, Mu Xiaoyun, Dong Yiqiang, et al. Effect on the yield and nutrition quality of the mixed grassland with different cutting frequencies[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 51(5): 951-956.
[2] Ketterings Q M, Godwin G, Cherney J H, et al. Potassium management for brown midrib Sorghum×sudangrass as replacement for corn silage in the north-eastern USA[J]. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science, 2010, 191(1):41-46.
[3] T?lle M, Deák B, Poschlod P, et al. Grazing vs. mowing: A meta-analysis of biodiversity benefits for grassland management[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2016, 222:200-212.
[4] 包乌云,赵萌莉,红梅,等.刈割对人工草地产量和补偿性生长的影响[J].中国草地学报, 2015, 37(5): 46-51.Bao Wuyun, Zhao Mengli, Hong Mei, et al. Effect of cutting on yield and compensatory growth of artificial pasture[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2015, 37(5): 46-51.
[5] 丁成龙,顾洪如,许能祥,等.不同刈割期对多花黑麦草饲草产量及品质的影响[J].草业学报, 2011, 20(6): 186-194.Ding Chenglong, Gu Hongru, Xu Nengxiang, et al. Effect of cutting time on the biomass production and forage quality of Lolium multiflorum[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(6): 186-194.
[6] 王丽华,刘尉,王金牛,等.不同刈割强度下草地群落、层片及物种的补偿性生长[J].草业学报, 2015, 24(6): 35-42.Wang Lihua, Liu Wei, Wang Jinniu, et al. The compensatory growth of plant community, synusia and species under different clipping intensity[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(6):35-42.
[7] 郭孝,邓红雨,胡华锋,等.不同刈割组合方式对皇竹草生长和生产特点的影响[J].草业学报, 2017, 26(1): 72-80.Guo Xiao, Deng Hongyu, Hu Huafeng, et al. Effects of different cutting height and frequency combinations on growth and production performance of hybrid giant napie[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(1): 72-80.
[8] 吴姝菊.刈割次数与施肥水平对高丹草产量和品质的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2006(6): 36-38.Wu Shuju. The effect of cutting number of times and applying fertilizer level on yield and quality of S.bicolor×S.sudanese[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2006(6): 36-38.
[9] 牟芝兰.刈割周期对苏丹草叶片生长的影响[J].草业科学, 1994, 11(6): 29-31.Mu Zhilan. The effect of cutting cycle on leaves growth of sudangrass[J]. Pratacultural Science, 1994,11(6): 29-31.
[10] 王鹏,权金鹏,王南,等.种植密度和多茬收割对不同品种饲用型甜高粱产量的影响[J].畜牧兽医杂志, 2017, 36(5):1-5.Wang Peng, Quan Jinpeng, Wang Nan, et al. Effect of plant density and cutting frequence on different sorghum cultivars forage yield[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2017, 36(5): 1-5.
[11] 中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,浙江大学,内蒙古畜牧科学院,等.GB/T20806-2006, 饲料中中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的测定[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2007.Institute of Animal Sciences of CAAS, Zhejiang University, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, et al. GB/T20806-2006, determination of neutral detergent fiber in feedstuffs[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2007.
[12] 中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T1459-2007, 饲料中酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的测定[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China. NY/T1459-2007, determination of acid detergentfiber in feedstuff(ADF)[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008.
[13] 国家技术监督局. GB/T6432-1994, 饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 1995.State Bureau of Technical Supervision. GB/T6432-1994, method for the determination of crude protein in feedstuffs[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1995.
[14] 张吉鵾.反刍家畜粗饲料品质评定的指标及其应用比较[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2006, 42(5): 47-50.Zhang Jikun. Quality evaluation parameters of ruminant coarse fodder and their application comparison[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2006, 42(5): 47-50.
[15] 夏景新,樊奋成.刈牧对禾草草地的再生和生产力影响的研究进展[J].草地学报, 1994, 2(1):45-55.Xia Jingxin, Fan Fengcheng. Progress in studies of the effects of defoliationon regrowth and production in grass pasture[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 1994, 2(1):45-55.
[16] 常玉卉,赵威军,张阳,等.不同刈割次数对甜高粱产草量的影响[J].山西农业科学, 2017, 45(5): 753-755.Chang Yuhui, Zhao Weijun, Zhang Yang, et al. Effect of different cutting times on the grass yield of sweet sorghum[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(5): 753-755.
[17] 刘丽华,曾宪国,李红宇,等.青刈对饲用甜高粱产量和品质的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2011, 23(1): 5-7.Liu Lihua, Zeng Xianguo, Li Hongyu, et al. Influence of harvest by stages on the sweet sorghum yield and quality[J]. Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2011, 23(1): 5-7.
[18] 何振富,贺春贵,魏玉明,等.光敏型高丹草在陇东旱塬的生物学特性和营养成分比较研究[J].草业学报, 2015, 24(10): 166-174.He Zhenfu,He Chungui,Wei Yuming,et al. Biological characteristics and nutrients of the photoperiod-sensitive sorghum × sudangrass varieties in the arid land of east Gansu[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(10): 166-174.
[19] 刘景辉,赵宝平,焦立新,等.刈割次数与留茬高度对内农1号苏丹草产草量和品质的影响[J].草地学报, 2005, 13(2): 93-96.Liu Jinghui, Zhao Baoping, Jiao Lixin, et al. Effect of different clipping frequencies and stubble height on the yield and quality of Sorghum sudanense Stapf. cv. Neinong No. 1[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2005, 13(2):93-96.
[20] 李春宏,苏衍菁,张培通,等.不同刈割时期对甜高粱产量和品质的影响[J].南方农业学报, 2018(2): 239-245.Li Chunhong, Su Yanjing, Zhang Peitong, et al. Effects of different mowing times on yield and quality of sweet sorghum[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2018(2): 239-245.
[21] 郑庆福,杨恒山,赵兰坡.刈割次数对杂交甜高梁草产量及品质的影响[J].草业科学, 2009, 26(2): 76-79.Zheng Qingfu, Yang Hengshan, Zhao Lanpo. Effects of clipping frequency on yield and quality of hybrid sweet sorghum[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2009, 26(2): 76-79.
[22] 沈艳,杨鹏,覃强.不同刈割处理对苏丹草生产性能的影响[J].草原与草坪, 2009(2): 25-28.Shen Yan, Yang Peng, Qin Qiang. Effect of different clipping frequencies on stubble height and yield of Sorghum sudanense[J]. Grassland and Turf, 2009(2): 25-28.
[23] 李春喜,冯海生,闫慧颖,等.不同海拔生态区甜高粱和玉米及甜高粱不同刈割次数的养分含量[J].草地学报, 2016, 24(2):425-432.Li Chunxi, Feng Haisheng, Yan Huiying, et al. Nutrient content of sweet sorghum and corns in different altitude regions and sweet sorghum in different clipping frequency[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2016, 24(2): 425-432.
[24] 于辉,贠静,张青青,等.不同刈割次数对奇台苏丹草营养水平的影响[J].饲料研究, 2015(13): 1-3.Yu Hui, Yun Jing, Zhang Qingqing, et al. Effects of different cutting times on nutrient level of Sultan grass in Qitai[J]. Feed Research, 2015(13): 1-3.
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