短叶对齿藓可培养内生细菌的分离及其发酵产物对宿主植物的影响
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摘要
采用传统培养法分离内蒙古黄土丘陵区生物结皮的藓类植物优势种——短叶对齿藓(Didymodon tectorum)的内生细菌,并观察代表菌株的发酵产物对宿主植物孢子萌发及原丝体生长的影响.共分离出68株内生细菌,基于16S r DNA序列同源性分析及构建的系统发育树显示,它们分属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)下的7个种,其中优势种为枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis).枯草芽孢杆菌菌株DT-1和蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株DT-9的石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相萃取物在1μg/m L、10μg/m L及100μg/m L三种浓度下对孢子萌发均无显著影响;石油醚相萃取物在3种浓度下不同程度地抑制原丝体生长;而乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相萃取物则促进原丝体的生长.本研究表明苔藓植物原丝体阶段的生长发育与内生细菌的次生代谢物密切相关,可为干旱、半干旱区藓类生物结皮人工促建提供参考资料和实验依据.
Didymodon tectorum, the dominant species in a community of biological soil crusts in the hilly Loess Plateau region, was selected for investigation. Using traditional culture-dependent methods, we isolated endophytic bacteria from D. tectorum and examined the effects of extracts from the fermentation broth of representative strains on host spore germination and protonema growth. Sixty-eight endophytic bacteria strains were classified into Bacillus using 16 S r DNA sequence analysis, including B. subtilis, B. simplex, B. cereus, B. niacini, B. aryabhattai, B. pumilus, and Bacillus sp. The dominant species was B. subtilis. Host spore germination was not significantly affected by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butyl alcohol extracts of B. subtilis DT-1 and B. cereus DT-9 at concentrations of 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL. Host protonema growth was inhibited to differing extents by petroleum ether extract and promoted to differing extents by ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol extracts at the three investigated concentrations. These results indicate that growth and development of bryophytes at the protonema stage are closely related to the secondary metabolites of endophytic bacteria. This study provides a valuable insight into the formation of artificial moss-dominated biotic crusts in arid and semi-arid regions.
Didymodon tectorum, the dominant species in a community of biological soil crusts in the hilly Loess Plateau region, was selected for investigation. Using traditional culture-dependent methods, we isolated endophytic bacteria from D. tectorum and examined the effects of extracts from the fermentation broth of representative strains on host spore germination and protonema growth. Sixty-eight endophytic bacteria strains were classified into Bacillus using 16 S r DNA sequence analysis, including B. subtilis, B. simplex, B. cereus, B. niacini, B. aryabhattai, B. pumilus, and Bacillus sp. The dominant species was B. subtilis. Host spore germination was not significantly affected by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butyl alcohol extracts of B. subtilis DT-1 and B. cereus DT-9 at concentrations of 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL. Host protonema growth was inhibited to differing extents by petroleum ether extract and promoted to differing extents by ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol extracts at the three investigated concentrations. These results indicate that growth and development of bryophytes at the protonema stage are closely related to the secondary metabolites of endophytic bacteria. This study provides a valuable insight into the formation of artificial moss-dominated biotic crusts in arid and semi-arid regions.
引文
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2 Eldridge DJ,Greene R.Microbiotic soil crusts-a review of their roles in soil and ecological processes in the rangelands of Australia[J].Soil Res,1994,32(3):389-415
3 Blahuta J,Soukup T,萫rm醟P.Biological soil crusts as an integral component of desert environments[J].Ecol Processes,2013,2(1):1-2.
4张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.干旱与半干旱地区苔藓植物生态学研究综述[J].生态学报,2002,22(7):1129-1134[Zhang YM,Cao T,Pang BR.A review on the studies of bryophye ecology in arid and semi-arid[J]Acta Ecol Sin,2002,22(7):1129-1134]
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6陈彦芹,赵允格,冉茂勇.4种营养物质对藓结皮形成发育的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报自然科学版,2011(5):44-50[Chen YQ,Zhao YG,Ran MY.Influnce of 4 nutrients on the development of moss crust[J].J NW A&F Univ(Nat Sci Ed),2011(5):44-50]
7白学良,王瑶,徐杰,李新荣,张景光.沙坡头地区固定沙丘结皮层藓类植物的繁殖和生长特性研究[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(2):171-173[Bai XL,Wang Y,Xu J,Li XR,Zhang JG.Study on reproduction and growth characteristics of mosses in the crust layer of fixed dune in Shapotou Area[J].J Desert Res,2003,23(2):171-173]
8杨雪伟.黄土丘陵半干旱区优势耐干藓生态适应性[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016[Yang XW.Ecological adaptation of dominant desiccation-tolerant mosses in semi-arid hilly loess plateau region[D].Yanglin:Master’s Thesis of Northwest A&F University,2016]
9赵小丹.短叶对齿藓组织培养及其复合群的分类学研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2015[Zhao XD.A morphometric and molecular study in Didymodon tectorum complex and the tisscu cultivation of Didymodon tectorum[D].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia University,2015]
10胡人亮.苔藓植物学[M].上海:高等教育出版社,1987:1-465[Hu RL.Bryological Bontany[M].Shanghai:Higher Education Press,1987:1-465]
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12杨雪伟,赵允格,许明祥.黄土丘陵区藓结皮优势种形态结构差异[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(2):370-377[Yang XW,Zhao YG,Xu MX.Variation of morphological structure of dominant species in moss crusts in hilly Loess Plateau region[J].Chin J Ecol,2016,35(2):370-377]
13周雯娜,吴远双,初龙,李伟,李海燕.云南大围山四种苔藓植物内生真菌多样性[J].微生物学报,2015,55(6):764-771[Zhou WN,Wu SY,Chu Long,Li W,Li HY.Endophytic fungal diversity of four bryophyte species in Dawei Mountain,Southwest of China[J].Acta Microbiol Sin,2015,55(6):764-771]
14 Opelt K,Berg G.Diversity and antagonistic potential of bacteria associated with bryophytes from nutrientpo-or habitats of the Baltic Sea Coast[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2004,70(11):6569-6579
15 Opelt K,Chobot V,Hadacek F,Sch鰊mann S,Eberl L,Berg G.Investigations of the structure and function of bacterial communities associated with Sphagnum mosses[J].Environ Microbiol,2007,9(11):2795-2809
16 Shcherbakov AV,Bragina AV,Kuzmina EY,Berg C,Muntyan AN,Makarova NM,Malfanova NV,Cardinale M,Berg G,Chebotar VK,Tikhonovich IA.Endophytic bacteria of Sphagnum mosses as promising objects of agricultural microbiology[J].Microbiology,2013,82(3):306-315
17 Park M,Lee H,Hong SG,Kim OS.Endophytic bacterial diversity of an Antarctic moss,Sanionia uncinata[J].Antarctic Sci,2013,25(1):1-4
18 Liu XL,Liu SL,Liu M,Kong BH,Liu L,Li YH.A primary assessment of the endophytic bacterial community in a xerophilous moss(Grimmia montana)using molecular method and cultivated isolates[J].Brazilian JMicrobiol,2014,45(1):163-173
19 Li XJ,Crosby MR,He S.Moss Flora of China(Vol.2.)[M].Beijing,New York:Science Press&Saint Louis:Missouri Botanical Garden Press,2001:114-249
20 Weisburg WG,Barns SM,Pelletier DA,Lane DJ.16S ribosomal DNAamplification for phylogenetic study[J].J Bacteriol,1991,173(2):697-703
21 Saitou N,Nei M.The neighbor-joining method:a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees[J].Mol Biol Evol,1987,4(6):406-425
22孙浩峰,陈天林.半干旱黄土丘陵区水平阶整地规格与降雨量的关系[J].水土保持通报,2013(6):28-31[Sun HF,Chen TL.Relationship between specification of level-terrace preparation and rainfall in semiarid loess hill region[J].Bull Soil Water Conserv,2013(6):28-31]
23 Nicholson WL,Mu na kat a N,Hor neck G,Melosh H J,Setlow P.Resistance of Bacillus endospores to extreme terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments[J].Microbiol Mol Biol Rev,2000,64(3):548-572
24 Amann RI,Ludwig W,Schleifer KH.Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation[J].Microbiol Rev,1995,59(1):143-169
25张彦杰,罗俊彩,武燕萍,杨合同.生防枯草芽孢杆菌研究进展[J].生命科学仪器,2009,7(4):19-23[Zhang YJ,Luo JC,Wu YP,Yang HT.Research advancement of the biological control bacteria B.subtilies[J].Life Sci Instrum,2009,7(4):19-23]
26王东明.蜡样芽胞杆菌6371的多效性及发酵条件的研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2004[Wang DM.Biological funetion and fermentation coniditons study in Bacillus cereus 6371[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University,2004]
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