造纸企业化学需氧量的排放现状与达标评估
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摘要
以统计学方法分析了我国22家造纸企业COD的排放情况及其日均值的频率分布规律,并据此估算造纸企业达标现状。某造纸企业COD日均值的波动范围为34.68~100.81mg/L,月均值的波动范围为61.55~72.97mg/L。单个造纸企业的全年有效日均值的频率分布通常为正态分布或近似于正态分布,22家造纸企业全年有效日均值的分布近似于正态分布。将22家造纸企业全年有效日均值与《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 3544-2008)中新建造纸企业COD排放限值(80mg/L)进行比较,19家企业达到新建造纸企业排放限值。将1家企业的达标情况看作伯努利试验,根据T-分布检验估算我国造纸企业日均值的达标率在71.4%~100.5%(95%的置信区间)。
The COD discharge concentrations of 22 papermaking plants were analyzed using statistic methods and their daily average discharge concentrations were compared with the emission regulation.The daily average concentration of a typical plant fluctuated between 34.68~100.81mg/L,while the monthly average concentration fluctuated between 61.55~72.97mg/L.The frequency distributions of the daily average COD concentrations were plotted and tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov method,indicating that the daily average COD concentrations of a single plant follow the normal distribution or approximately normal distribution.The freqwency distributions of the daily average COD concentrations for the 22 plants were approximately normal distribution.The daily average COD concentrations of the 22 plants were compared with the emission limit(80mg/L)in the"Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry"(GB 3544-2008).19 plants met the COD discharge limit.Treating the regulation compliance of a plant as a Bernoulli distribution and based on the T-test,the probability of papermaking plants to meet the COD discharge limit was about 71.4%~100.5%(95% confidence interval).
The COD discharge concentrations of 22 papermaking plants were analyzed using statistic methods and their daily average discharge concentrations were compared with the emission regulation.The daily average concentration of a typical plant fluctuated between 34.68~100.81mg/L,while the monthly average concentration fluctuated between 61.55~72.97mg/L.The frequency distributions of the daily average COD concentrations were plotted and tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov method,indicating that the daily average COD concentrations of a single plant follow the normal distribution or approximately normal distribution.The freqwency distributions of the daily average COD concentrations for the 22 plants were approximately normal distribution.The daily average COD concentrations of the 22 plants were compared with the emission limit(80mg/L)in the"Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry"(GB 3544-2008).19 plants met the COD discharge limit.Treating the regulation compliance of a plant as a Bernoulli distribution and based on the T-test,the probability of papermaking plants to meet the COD discharge limit was about 71.4%~100.5%(95% confidence interval).
引文
1环境保护部.环境统计年报(2014年).http://zls.mep.gov.cn/hjtj/nb/
2 GB 3544-2008制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准
3国务院.国务院关于印发水污染防治行动计划的通知(国发[2015]17号).http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-04/16/content_9613.htm
4环境保护部.以改善环境质量为核心全力打好补齐环保短板攻坚战──陈吉宁部长在2016年全国环境保护工作会议上的讲话.http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/qt/201601/t20160114_326153.htm
5 IPPC Reference Document of Best available techniques in the pulp and paper industry.European Commission
6 HJ/T 91-2002地表水和污水监测技术规范
7 US EPA.NPDES permit writer’s manual.Washington DC:Office of Wastewater Management.2010
8 Kim I J,Hong S H,Jung J Y.Establishment of Effluent Standards for Industrial Wastewaters in Korea:Current Issues and Suggestions for Future Plan.Journal of Water and Environment Technology,2010,8(3):151~165
9周羽化,卢延娜,张虞,等.某城市城镇污水处理厂COD排放现状评价分析.环境科学,2014,35(10):3998~4002
2 GB 3544-2008制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准
3国务院.国务院关于印发水污染防治行动计划的通知(国发[2015]17号).http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-04/16/content_9613.htm
4环境保护部.以改善环境质量为核心全力打好补齐环保短板攻坚战──陈吉宁部长在2016年全国环境保护工作会议上的讲话.http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/qt/201601/t20160114_326153.htm
5 IPPC Reference Document of Best available techniques in the pulp and paper industry.European Commission
6 HJ/T 91-2002地表水和污水监测技术规范
7 US EPA.NPDES permit writer’s manual.Washington DC:Office of Wastewater Management.2010
8 Kim I J,Hong S H,Jung J Y.Establishment of Effluent Standards for Industrial Wastewaters in Korea:Current Issues and Suggestions for Future Plan.Journal of Water and Environment Technology,2010,8(3):151~165
9周羽化,卢延娜,张虞,等.某城市城镇污水处理厂COD排放现状评价分析.环境科学,2014,35(10):3998~4002