基于LiDAR数据不同插值算法DEM构建研究
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摘要
数字高程模型(DEM)是进行多种空间应用的基础,通常由地形三维坐标数据经内插得到,由于受插值算法性能的影响,因此本文对不同插值算法DEM生成结果进行对比研究。本研究以机载激光雷达数据为基础,基于常用插值算法,如:反距离加权插值算法、克里金插值算法、自然邻域插值算法和样条插值算法,生成城区、草地和林地3种不同地物类型DEM插值结果,并对所得插值结果进行对比研究。结果对于城区和草地较平坦区域而言,自然邻域插值算法结果较好,RMSE分别为0.433 m和0.052 m;而对于地形起伏较大的林地而言,样条插值结果较优,RMSE为0.748 m。结果表明,地形平坦区域DEM插值结果优于地形起伏较大区域,且不同插值算法在不同地物类型表现不同。
Digital elevation model( DEM) is the foundation of many spatial applications and usually obtained by interpolation of terrain's three-dimensional coordinates. And the accuracy of DEM is affected by the interpolation algorithm. Therefore,it is necessary to study the performance of different interpolation algorithms. In this paper,the commonly used interpolation methods,namely,inverse distance weighted interpolation,kriging interpolation,natural neighborhood interpolation and spline interpolation,were used to construction DEM based on airborne Li DAR data. And the results of different interpolation methods under urban,grassland and forest land use types were compared. It was showed that the results of natural neighborhood interpolation algorithm were better and RMSEs were 0. 433 m and 0. 052 m for the flat area of urban and grassland,respectively. While for the forest land with large terrain fluctuation,the result of spline interpolation method was better and the RMSE was 0. 748 m. It was concluded that the results of DEM interpolation in flat terrain area were better than those in large terrain fluctuation area,and different interpolation algorithms had different performances under different terrain types.
Digital elevation model( DEM) is the foundation of many spatial applications and usually obtained by interpolation of terrain's three-dimensional coordinates. And the accuracy of DEM is affected by the interpolation algorithm. Therefore,it is necessary to study the performance of different interpolation algorithms. In this paper,the commonly used interpolation methods,namely,inverse distance weighted interpolation,kriging interpolation,natural neighborhood interpolation and spline interpolation,were used to construction DEM based on airborne Li DAR data. And the results of different interpolation methods under urban,grassland and forest land use types were compared. It was showed that the results of natural neighborhood interpolation algorithm were better and RMSEs were 0. 433 m and 0. 052 m for the flat area of urban and grassland,respectively. While for the forest land with large terrain fluctuation,the result of spline interpolation method was better and the RMSE was 0. 748 m. It was concluded that the results of DEM interpolation in flat terrain area were better than those in large terrain fluctuation area,and different interpolation algorithms had different performances under different terrain types.
引文
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[2]WILSON J P.Digital terrain modeling[J].Geomorphology,2012,137(1):107-121.
[3]GONG J Y,LI Z L,ZHU Q,et al.Effects of various factors on the accuracy of DEMs:an intensive experimental investigation[J].Photogrammetric Engineering&Remote Sensing,2000,66(9):1113-1118.
[4]ARUN P V.A comparative analysis of different DEM interpolation methods[J].Geodezijos Darbai,2013,39(4):171-177.
[5]杜敏,李明会,颜萍,等.全数字摄影测量DEM在生产中的质量控制[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2009,32(4):222-224.DU M,LI M H,YAN P,et al.Quality control of full digital photographic surveying on DEM production[J].Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology,2009,32(4):222-224.
[6]高敏,韩聪.基于机载激光雷达技术的城市三维数据建设[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2014,37(11):135-136.GAO M,HAN C.Construction of 3D data in urban area based on airborne Li DAR[J].Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology,2014,37(11):135-136.
[7]张靓,欧阳永忠,滕惠忠.航测与机载Li DAR技术在海岸带遥感中的应用[J].海洋测绘,2017,37(6):62-65.ZHANG L,OUYANG Y Z,TENG H Z.Applications of aerial photogrammetry and airborne Li DAR in remote sensing monitoring of coastal zones[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2017,37(6):62-65.
[8]尤号田,邢艳秋,王萌,等.小光斑激光雷达数据估测森林生物量研究进展[J].森林工程,2014,30(3):39-42.YOU H T,XING Y Q,WANG M,et al.The progress on estimating forest biomass using small footprint Li DAR data[J].Forest Engineering,2014,30(3):39-42.
[9]邢艳秋,姚松涛,李梦颖,等.基于机载全波形Li DAR数据的森林地上生物量估测算法研究[J].森林工程,2017,33(4):21-26.XING Y Q,YAO S T,LI M Y,et al.Estimation algorithm of forest aboveground biomass based on airborne full waveform Li DAR data[J].Forest Engineering,2017,33(4):21-26.
[10]李鹏程,王慧,刘志青,等.一种从机载Li DAR点云数据获取DEM的方法[J].测绘通报,2012(5):59-62.LI P C,WANG H,LIU Z Q,et al.A method of deriving DEMfrom airborne Li DAR points cloud data[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2012(5):59-62.
[11]HILL J.M,GRAHAM L.A,HENRY R.J,et al.Wide-area topographic mapping and application using airborne light detection and ranging(LIDAR)technology[J].Photogrammetric Engineering&Remote Sensing,2000,66(8):908-914.
[12]HODGSON M E,BRESNAHAN P.Accuracy of airborne LIDAR-derived elevation:empirical assessment and error budget[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2004,70(3):331-339.
[13]靳克强,龚志辉,王勃,等.机载激光雷达数据提取DEM的关键技术分析[J].测绘工程,2010,19(6):39-42.JIN K Q,GONG Z H,WANG B,et al.Key step analysis of extraction DEM based on Li DAR data[J].Engineering of Surveying and Mapping,2010,19(6):39-42.
[14]靳克强.机载激光雷达数据滤波生成DEM技术研究[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学,2011.JIN K Q.A study on data filtering and DEM extraction of airborne Li DAR point clouds[D].Zhengzhou:PLA Information Engineering University,2011.
[15]李俊晓,李朝奎,殷智慧.基于Arc GIS的克里金插值方法及其应用[J].测绘通报,2013,59(9):87-90.LI J X,LI C K,YIN Z H.Arc GIS based Kriging interpolation method and its application[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2013,59(9):87-90.
[16]肖城龙.基于Arc GIS的空间数据插值方法的研究与实验[J].城市勘测,2017,32(6):71-73.XIAO C L.The study and experiment of spatial data interpolation based on Arc GIS[J].Urban Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2017,32(6):71-73.
[17]阎洪.气候时空数据的样条插值与应用[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(5):27-31.YAN H.The influences factors on field spectrometry[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2003,19(5):27-31.