建筑工程塔吊安全影响因素分析
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摘要
为系统分析复杂社会技术系统背景下建筑工程塔吊安全影响因素,理解系统主要维度和内部作用机理,建立塔吊安全管理模型,本文界定了塔吊安全系统的要素和特征;在此基础上,全面识别了56项塔吊安全影响因素;然后,通过因子分析方法提取了塔吊安全系统的9个主要维度;最后,利用ISM方法分析了塔吊安全系统主要维度的层次结构与影响路径,建立了塔吊安全管理层次模型,包含政府与组织管理、现场管理、工作条件、人员与设备安全等层次。分析表明,系统性的塔吊安全管理应当以确保人员操作安全和设备本质安全为核心,并在政府、企业和项目层面落实各项管理措施,创造良好的作业条件。
In order to systematically analyze the factors influencing the safety of tower crane from the perspective of complex sociotechnical systems,understand the main dimensions of the system and their internal mechanism,and establish the tower crane safety management model,this paper defines the elements and characteristics of tower crane safety system. On this basis,56 factors affecting the tower crane safety are identified. Afterwards,the 9 main dimensions of tower crane safety system are extracted with the factor analysis method. Finally,the ISM method is used to analyze the hierarchy and the influence path of the key dimensions,and establish the hierarchical model of tower crane safety management,which includes the levels of government and organizational management,on-site management,working conditions,as well as personnel and equipment safety. The analysis shows that the core of systematic tower crane safety management should ensure the safety of workers' operation and the intrinsic safety of equipment.Meanwhile,various management measures should be implemented by the government,the enterprise and the project level,to create safe working conditions.
In order to systematically analyze the factors influencing the safety of tower crane from the perspective of complex sociotechnical systems,understand the main dimensions of the system and their internal mechanism,and establish the tower crane safety management model,this paper defines the elements and characteristics of tower crane safety system. On this basis,56 factors affecting the tower crane safety are identified. Afterwards,the 9 main dimensions of tower crane safety system are extracted with the factor analysis method. Finally,the ISM method is used to analyze the hierarchy and the influence path of the key dimensions,and establish the hierarchical model of tower crane safety management,which includes the levels of government and organizational management,on-site management,working conditions,as well as personnel and equipment safety. The analysis shows that the core of systematic tower crane safety management should ensure the safety of workers' operation and the intrinsic safety of equipment.Meanwhile,various management measures should be implemented by the government,the enterprise and the project level,to create safe working conditions.
引文
[1]Tam V W Y,Fung I W H. Tower crane safety in the construction industry:A Hong Kong study[J]. Safety Science,2011,49(2):208-215.
[2]Raviv G,Fishbain B,Shapira A. Analyzing risk factors in crane-related near-miss and accident reports[J]. Safety Science,2017,91:192-205.
[3]Shin I J. Factors that affect safety of tower crane installation/dismantling in construction industry[J]. Safety Science,2015,72:379-390.
[4]Sertyesilisik B,Tunstall A,Mclouglin J. An investigation of lifting operations on UK construction sites.[J]. Safety Science,2010,48(1):72-79.
[5]Shapira A,Lyachin B. Identification and analysis of factors affecting safety on construction sites with tower cranes[J].Journal of Construction Engineering&Management,2009,135(1):24-33.
[6]张仕廉,李鹏.基于因子分析法的建筑工程设计风险因素实证研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(3):131-138.
[7]周炜,赵挺生,徐树铭,等.基于DEMATEL和ISM的建筑工人安全行为影响因素建模[J].土木工程与管理学报,2017(6):126-132.
[2]Raviv G,Fishbain B,Shapira A. Analyzing risk factors in crane-related near-miss and accident reports[J]. Safety Science,2017,91:192-205.
[3]Shin I J. Factors that affect safety of tower crane installation/dismantling in construction industry[J]. Safety Science,2015,72:379-390.
[4]Sertyesilisik B,Tunstall A,Mclouglin J. An investigation of lifting operations on UK construction sites.[J]. Safety Science,2010,48(1):72-79.
[5]Shapira A,Lyachin B. Identification and analysis of factors affecting safety on construction sites with tower cranes[J].Journal of Construction Engineering&Management,2009,135(1):24-33.
[6]张仕廉,李鹏.基于因子分析法的建筑工程设计风险因素实证研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(3):131-138.
[7]周炜,赵挺生,徐树铭,等.基于DEMATEL和ISM的建筑工人安全行为影响因素建模[J].土木工程与管理学报,2017(6):126-132.