实体和虚拟天然气交易枢纽的对比研究
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摘要
随着我国天然气市场化改革有序推进,天然气交易枢纽的构建迫在眉睫。对国外普遍应用的两类天然气交易枢纽——实体交易枢纽和虚拟交易枢纽进行了对比分析和研究,主要包括:①两类交易枢纽所在的管网设施具有不同的物理结构、运营机制、监管机制、定价机制和投资方式;②两类交易枢纽所构建的天然气交易市场具有不同的运营机制和效率。由此提出选择与构建我国天然气交易枢纽的建议:①可利用跨省天然气管道的交叉点或一段管道建立实体交易枢纽;②省内天然气管道适合发展为虚拟交易枢纽;③每个交易枢纽通过供需均衡形成枢纽价格,枢纽之间通过无套利均衡实现全国天然气市场的一体化;④各交易枢纽通过竞争实现优胜劣汰,参与者多、交易量大、流动性好和透明度高的交易枢纽逐渐成熟并发展为基准交易枢纽。
With the orderly advancement of China's natural gas market-oriented reform,the construction of natural gas trading hubs is urgently needed.The authors conduct comparative analysis and research on two kinds of natural gas trading hubs widely used abroad-physical trading hub and virtual trading point,including:pipeline network facilities of these two types of trading hub have different physical structure,operation,supervision,pricing mechanism and investment method;natural gas trading market based on these two types of trading hub have different operating mechanism and efficiency.Therefore,the author proposed the recommendations for selection and construction of China's natural gas trading hub:intersection or a section of pipeline on trans-provincial natural gas pipeline can be used to construct physical trading hub;provincial natural gas pipeline network is suitable for development into virtual trading point;each trading hub through the balance between supply and demand to form a hub price,while national gas market integration is realized through arbitrage-free equilibrium between trading hubs;trading hub achieve survival of the fittest by means of competition,and those with more participant,larger transaction volume,higher liquidity,and better transparency have gradually matured and developed into benchmark trading hub.
With the orderly advancement of China's natural gas market-oriented reform,the construction of natural gas trading hubs is urgently needed.The authors conduct comparative analysis and research on two kinds of natural gas trading hubs widely used abroad-physical trading hub and virtual trading point,including:pipeline network facilities of these two types of trading hub have different physical structure,operation,supervision,pricing mechanism and investment method;natural gas trading market based on these two types of trading hub have different operating mechanism and efficiency.Therefore,the author proposed the recommendations for selection and construction of China's natural gas trading hub:intersection or a section of pipeline on trans-provincial natural gas pipeline can be used to construct physical trading hub;provincial natural gas pipeline network is suitable for development into virtual trading point;each trading hub through the balance between supply and demand to form a hub price,while national gas market integration is realized through arbitrage-free equilibrium between trading hubs;trading hub achieve survival of the fittest by means of competition,and those with more participant,larger transaction volume,higher liquidity,and better transparency have gradually matured and developed into benchmark trading hub.
引文
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[14]施训鹏.欧洲天然气交易枢纽发展经验及其对中国的启示[J].天然气工业,2017,37(8):108-117.SHI Xunpeng.Experiences of developing European gas trading hubs and their implications for China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(8):108-117.
[15]PATRICK Heather,BEATRICE Petrovich.European traded gas hubs:an updated analysis on liquidity,maturity and barriers to market integration[C]∥Oxford Institute of Energy Studies.2017.
[2]施训鹏.中国天然气基准价格形成中的若干问题[J].天然气工业,2017,37(4):143-149.SHI Xunpeng.Issues in formulating natural gas benchmark prices in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(4):143-149.
[3]STEWART Holmes.The development of market centers and electronic trading in natural gas markets[C]∥Office of Economic Policy of Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.1999.
[4]《国外天然气经济研究》课题组.美国天然气工业与天然气交易[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[5]LIZ Bossley.Trading natural gas in the UK[C]∥Oxford Institute for Energy Studies,NG4.1999.
[6]PATRICK Heather.The evolution and functioning of the traded gas market in Britain[C]∥Oxford Institute for Energy Studies,NG 44.2010.
[7]曹建军.英国天然气产业的发展及其启示[J].中国物价,2004,55(1):54-58.CAO Jianjun.Development and implications of UK natural gas industry[J].China Price,2004,55(1):54-58.
[8]PATRICK Heather.Continental European gas hubs:are they fit for purpose?[C]∥Oxford Institute for Energy Studies,NG63.2012.
[9]KATJA Yafimava.The EU third package for gas and the gas target model-major contentious issues inside and outside the EU[C]∥Oxford Institute for Energy Studies,NG75.2013.
[10]刘毅军,李艳丽.欧盟天然气产业链结构改革措施及效果[J].天然气工业,2015,35(5):107-115.LIU Yijun,LI Yanli.Structural reform of EU natural gas industry chain and its effects[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(5):107-115.
[11]徐婧,孙泽生.国外三种天然气交割模式比较研究[J].国际石油经济.2015,23(10):32-38.XU Jing,SUN Zesheng.Comparative study on three natural gas transaction modes abroad[J].International Petroleum Economics,2015,23(10):32-38.
[12]PATRICK Heather.The evolution of European traded gas hubs[C]∥Oxford Institute of Energy Studies,NG 104.2015.
[13]JAMES Tobin.Natural gas market centers and hubs:a 2003update[C]∥Energy Information Administration.2003.
[14]施训鹏.欧洲天然气交易枢纽发展经验及其对中国的启示[J].天然气工业,2017,37(8):108-117.SHI Xunpeng.Experiences of developing European gas trading hubs and their implications for China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(8):108-117.
[15]PATRICK Heather,BEATRICE Petrovich.European traded gas hubs:an updated analysis on liquidity,maturity and barriers to market integration[C]∥Oxford Institute of Energy Studies.2017.