顾及几何特征相似性的多源等高线匹配方法
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摘要
已有的多源等高线匹配方法主要基于等高线拓扑关系构建以及基于空间欧氏距离的相似性度量,缺少对等高线几何形态相似性的考虑,在等高线密集区域、图幅边界区域以及地形变化剧烈区域易产生误匹配情况。为此,本文提出一种基于几何特征相似性的由粗匹配到精匹配的多源等高线匹配策略。提出顾及局部特性的基于节点曲率以及法向量与横坐标轴夹角的混合特征描述测度,将等高线点序列转化为几何形态特征描述序列,引入最长公共子序列算法,量化计算多源等高线数据之间的相似程度,并依据相似度实现同名等高线匹配。利用模拟数据和真实数据对本文方法的可靠性和运行效率进行验证,试验证明,本文提出的匹配策略顾及了等高线空间位置特征和几何形态特征,能够保证较高的匹配精度和运行效率,并具有较好的适用范围。
The existing multi-source contour matching studies have focused on the matching methods with consideration of topological relations and similarity measurement based on spatial Euclidean distance, while it is lack of taking the contour geometric features into account, which may lead to mismatching in map boundaries and areas with intensive contours or extreme terrain changes. In light of this, it is put forward that a matching strategy from coarse to precious based on the contour geometric features. The proposed matching strategy can be described as follows. Firstly, the point sequence is converted to feature sequence according to a feature descriptive function based on curvature and angle of normal vector.Then the level of similarity among multi-source contours is calculated by using the longest common subsequence solution. Accordingly, the identical contours could be matched based on above calculated results. In the experiment for the proposed method, the reliability and efficiency of the matching method are verified using simulative datasets and real datasets respectively. It has been proved that the proposed contour matching strategy has a high matching precision and good applicability.
The existing multi-source contour matching studies have focused on the matching methods with consideration of topological relations and similarity measurement based on spatial Euclidean distance, while it is lack of taking the contour geometric features into account, which may lead to mismatching in map boundaries and areas with intensive contours or extreme terrain changes. In light of this, it is put forward that a matching strategy from coarse to precious based on the contour geometric features. The proposed matching strategy can be described as follows. Firstly, the point sequence is converted to feature sequence according to a feature descriptive function based on curvature and angle of normal vector.Then the level of similarity among multi-source contours is calculated by using the longest common subsequence solution. Accordingly, the identical contours could be matched based on above calculated results. In the experiment for the proposed method, the reliability and efficiency of the matching method are verified using simulative datasets and real datasets respectively. It has been proved that the proposed contour matching strategy has a high matching precision and good applicability.
引文
[1]COOPER A K,PELED A.Incremental updating and versioning[C]∥Proceedings of the 20th International Cartographic Conference.Beijing:[s.n.],2001:2804-2809.
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[3]杨春成,何列松,谢鹏,等.顾及距离与形状相似性的面状地理实体聚类[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2009,34(3):335-338.YANG Chuncheng,HE Liesong,XIE Peng,et al.Clustering analysis of geographical area entities considering distance and shape similarity[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2009,34(3):335-338.
[4]殷硕文,邵茜.基于地形匹配的InSAR地形变化检测方法研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2010,35(1):118-121.YIN Shuowen,SHAO Qian.A method of topographic change detection base InSAR terrain matching technology[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2010,35(1):118-121.
[5]杨敏,艾廷华,刘鹏程,等.等高线与水网数据集成中的匹配及一致性改正[J].测绘学报,2012,41(1):152-158.YANG Min,AI Tinghua,LIU Pengcheng,et al.The matching and consistency correcting in the integration of contour and river network[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2012,41(1):152-158.
[6]王涛,毋河海.等高线拓扑关系的构建以及应用[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,29(5):438-442.WANG Tao,WU Hehai.Construction and applications of topological relation among contour lines[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2004,29(5):438-442.
[7]艾廷华,祝国瑞,张根寿.基于Delaunay三角网模型的等高线地形特征提取及谷地树结构化组织[J].遥感学报,2003,7(4):292-298.AI Tinghua,ZHU Guorui,ZHANG Genshou.Extraction of landform features and organization of valley tree structure based on Delaunay triangulation model[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2003,7(4):292-298.
[8]吴凡,粟卫民.顾及地形特征的等高线拓扑空间关系表达[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2006,39(3):140-144.WU Fan,SU Weimin.Representation of topological spatial relations between contour lines based on terrain features[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2006,39(3):140-144.
[9]张尧,樊红,黄旺.基于Delaunay三角网的等高线树生成方法[J].测绘学报,2012,41(3):461-467,474.ZHANG Yao,FAN Hong,HUANG Wang.The method of generating contour tree based on contour Delaunay triangulation[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2012,41(3):461-467,474.
[10]朱强,武芳,钱海忠,等.基于空间认知的等高线树的构建[J].信息工程大学学报,2011,12(4):458-462.ZHU Qiang,WU Fang,QIAN Haizhong,et al.Spatial cognition oriented contour-tree building[J].Journal of Information Engineering University,2011,12(4):458-462.
[11]吴凡,粟卫民.基于网络模型的等高线群拓扑关系表示[J].遥感学报,2007,11(2):145-151.WU Fan,SU Weimin.The representation of topological relations of contour groups based on a network model[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,11(2):145-151.
[12]邢汉发,周晓光,许礼林.基于线/线拓扑关系的局部变化等高线融合[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2010,35(11):1322-1326.XING Hanfa,ZHOU Xiaoguang,XU Lilin.Local contour line fusion based on line/line topological relations[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2010,35(11):1322-1326.
[13]刘涛,杜清运,毛海辰.空间线群目标相似度计算模型研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2012,37(8):992-995.LIU Tao,DU Qingyun,MAO Haichen.Spatial similarity assessment model and its application in line groups[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2012,37(8):992-995.
[14]ALT H,GODAU M.Computing the Fréchet distance between two polygonal curves[J].International Journal of Computational Geometry&Applications,1995,5(1-2):75-91.
[15]MUSTIRE S,DEVOGELE T.Matching networks with different levels of detail[J].Geoinformatica,2008,12(4):435-453.
[16]安晓亚,孙群,尉伯虎.利用相似性度量的不同比例尺地图数据网状要素匹配算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2012,37(2):224-228,241.AN Xiaoya,SUN Qun,YU Bohu.Feature matching from network data at different scales based on similarity measure[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2012,37(2):224-228,241.
[17]安晓亚.空间数据几何相似性度量理论方法与应用研究[D].郑州:信息工程大学,2011.AN Xiaoya.Research on theory,methods and applications of geometry similarity measurement for spatial data[D].Zhengzhou:Information Engineering University,2011.
[18]安晓亚,刘平芝,杨云,等.一种线状要素几何相似性度量方法及其应用[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2015,40(9):1225-1229.AN Xiaoya,LIU Pingzhi,YANG Yun,et al.A geometric similarity measurement method and applications to linear feature[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2015,40(9):1225-1229.
[19]韩敏,郑丹晨.基于模糊形状上下文特征的形状识别算法[J].自动化学报,2012,38(1):68-75.HAN Min,ZHENG Danchen.Shape recognition based on fuzzy shape context[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2012,38(1):68-75.
[20]秦奋,焦学军.全面定量评估DEM精度的缓冲区叠加法研究[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(3):336-342.QIN Fen,JIAO Xuejun.Study on buffer superposition to quantitatively evaluation DEM precision completely[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2008,17(3):336-342.
[21]杨亚飞,郑丹晨,韩敏.一种基于多尺度轮廓点空间关系特征的形状匹配方法[J].自动化学报,2015,41(8):1405-1411.YANG Yafei,ZHENG Danchen,HAN Min.A shape matching method using spatial features of multi-scaled contours[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2015,41(8):1405-1411.
[22]MOKHTARIAN F,ABBASI S,KITTLER J.Efficient and robust retrieval by shape content through curvature scale space[M]∥SMEULDERS A,JAIN R.Image Databases and Multi-media Search.River Edge,NJ:World Scientific Publishing Co Inc,1998:51-58.
[23]ADAMEK T,O'CONNOR N E.A multiscale representation method for nonrigid shapes with a single closed contour[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,2004,14(5):742-753.
[24]DONOSER M,RIEMENSCHNEIDER H,BISCHOF H.Efficient partial shape matching of outer contours[C]∥Proceedings of 9th Asian Conference on Computer Vision.Xi’an:Springer,2009:281-292.
[25]安晓亚,孙群,肖强,等.一种形状多级描述方法及在多尺度空间数据几何相似性度量中的应用[J].测绘学报,2011,40(4):495-501,508.AN Xiaoya,SUN Qun,XIAO Qiang,et al.A shape multilevel description method and application in measuring geometry similarity of multi-scale spatial data[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2011,40(4):495-501,508.
[26]VLACHOS M,KOLLIOS G,GUNOPULOS D.Discovering similar multidimensional trajectories[C]∥Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Data Engineering.San Jose,CA:IEEE,2002:673-684.
[27]王华夏,程咏梅,刘楠,等.面向地形等高线匹配的三重约束LCSS算法[J].西北工业大学学报,2017,35(1):38-42.WANG Huaxia,CHENG Yongmei,LIU Nan,et al.Aalgorithm based on triple constraint LCSS for terrain contour lines[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2017,35(1):38-42.
[28]VLACHOS M,HADJIELEFTHERIOU M,GUNOPU-LOS D,et al.Indexing multi-dimensional time-series with support for multiple distance measures[C]∥Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining.Washington,D.C.:ACM,2003:216-225.
[29]TONG Xiaohua,LIANG Dan,JIN Yanmin.A linear road object matching method for conflation based on optimization and logistic regression[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2014,28(4):824-846.
[2]赵龙.鲁棒惯性地形辅助导航算法研究[J].物理学报,2012,61(10):231-237.ZHAO Long.Robust inertial terrain aided navigation algorithm[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2012,61(10):231-237.
[3]杨春成,何列松,谢鹏,等.顾及距离与形状相似性的面状地理实体聚类[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2009,34(3):335-338.YANG Chuncheng,HE Liesong,XIE Peng,et al.Clustering analysis of geographical area entities considering distance and shape similarity[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2009,34(3):335-338.
[4]殷硕文,邵茜.基于地形匹配的InSAR地形变化检测方法研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2010,35(1):118-121.YIN Shuowen,SHAO Qian.A method of topographic change detection base InSAR terrain matching technology[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2010,35(1):118-121.
[5]杨敏,艾廷华,刘鹏程,等.等高线与水网数据集成中的匹配及一致性改正[J].测绘学报,2012,41(1):152-158.YANG Min,AI Tinghua,LIU Pengcheng,et al.The matching and consistency correcting in the integration of contour and river network[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2012,41(1):152-158.
[6]王涛,毋河海.等高线拓扑关系的构建以及应用[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,29(5):438-442.WANG Tao,WU Hehai.Construction and applications of topological relation among contour lines[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2004,29(5):438-442.
[7]艾廷华,祝国瑞,张根寿.基于Delaunay三角网模型的等高线地形特征提取及谷地树结构化组织[J].遥感学报,2003,7(4):292-298.AI Tinghua,ZHU Guorui,ZHANG Genshou.Extraction of landform features and organization of valley tree structure based on Delaunay triangulation model[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2003,7(4):292-298.
[8]吴凡,粟卫民.顾及地形特征的等高线拓扑空间关系表达[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2006,39(3):140-144.WU Fan,SU Weimin.Representation of topological spatial relations between contour lines based on terrain features[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2006,39(3):140-144.
[9]张尧,樊红,黄旺.基于Delaunay三角网的等高线树生成方法[J].测绘学报,2012,41(3):461-467,474.ZHANG Yao,FAN Hong,HUANG Wang.The method of generating contour tree based on contour Delaunay triangulation[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2012,41(3):461-467,474.
[10]朱强,武芳,钱海忠,等.基于空间认知的等高线树的构建[J].信息工程大学学报,2011,12(4):458-462.ZHU Qiang,WU Fang,QIAN Haizhong,et al.Spatial cognition oriented contour-tree building[J].Journal of Information Engineering University,2011,12(4):458-462.
[11]吴凡,粟卫民.基于网络模型的等高线群拓扑关系表示[J].遥感学报,2007,11(2):145-151.WU Fan,SU Weimin.The representation of topological relations of contour groups based on a network model[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,11(2):145-151.
[12]邢汉发,周晓光,许礼林.基于线/线拓扑关系的局部变化等高线融合[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2010,35(11):1322-1326.XING Hanfa,ZHOU Xiaoguang,XU Lilin.Local contour line fusion based on line/line topological relations[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2010,35(11):1322-1326.
[13]刘涛,杜清运,毛海辰.空间线群目标相似度计算模型研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2012,37(8):992-995.LIU Tao,DU Qingyun,MAO Haichen.Spatial similarity assessment model and its application in line groups[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2012,37(8):992-995.
[14]ALT H,GODAU M.Computing the Fréchet distance between two polygonal curves[J].International Journal of Computational Geometry&Applications,1995,5(1-2):75-91.
[15]MUSTIRE S,DEVOGELE T.Matching networks with different levels of detail[J].Geoinformatica,2008,12(4):435-453.
[16]安晓亚,孙群,尉伯虎.利用相似性度量的不同比例尺地图数据网状要素匹配算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2012,37(2):224-228,241.AN Xiaoya,SUN Qun,YU Bohu.Feature matching from network data at different scales based on similarity measure[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2012,37(2):224-228,241.
[17]安晓亚.空间数据几何相似性度量理论方法与应用研究[D].郑州:信息工程大学,2011.AN Xiaoya.Research on theory,methods and applications of geometry similarity measurement for spatial data[D].Zhengzhou:Information Engineering University,2011.
[18]安晓亚,刘平芝,杨云,等.一种线状要素几何相似性度量方法及其应用[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2015,40(9):1225-1229.AN Xiaoya,LIU Pingzhi,YANG Yun,et al.A geometric similarity measurement method and applications to linear feature[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2015,40(9):1225-1229.
[19]韩敏,郑丹晨.基于模糊形状上下文特征的形状识别算法[J].自动化学报,2012,38(1):68-75.HAN Min,ZHENG Danchen.Shape recognition based on fuzzy shape context[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2012,38(1):68-75.
[20]秦奋,焦学军.全面定量评估DEM精度的缓冲区叠加法研究[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(3):336-342.QIN Fen,JIAO Xuejun.Study on buffer superposition to quantitatively evaluation DEM precision completely[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2008,17(3):336-342.
[21]杨亚飞,郑丹晨,韩敏.一种基于多尺度轮廓点空间关系特征的形状匹配方法[J].自动化学报,2015,41(8):1405-1411.YANG Yafei,ZHENG Danchen,HAN Min.A shape matching method using spatial features of multi-scaled contours[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2015,41(8):1405-1411.
[22]MOKHTARIAN F,ABBASI S,KITTLER J.Efficient and robust retrieval by shape content through curvature scale space[M]∥SMEULDERS A,JAIN R.Image Databases and Multi-media Search.River Edge,NJ:World Scientific Publishing Co Inc,1998:51-58.
[23]ADAMEK T,O'CONNOR N E.A multiscale representation method for nonrigid shapes with a single closed contour[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,2004,14(5):742-753.
[24]DONOSER M,RIEMENSCHNEIDER H,BISCHOF H.Efficient partial shape matching of outer contours[C]∥Proceedings of 9th Asian Conference on Computer Vision.Xi’an:Springer,2009:281-292.
[25]安晓亚,孙群,肖强,等.一种形状多级描述方法及在多尺度空间数据几何相似性度量中的应用[J].测绘学报,2011,40(4):495-501,508.AN Xiaoya,SUN Qun,XIAO Qiang,et al.A shape multilevel description method and application in measuring geometry similarity of multi-scale spatial data[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2011,40(4):495-501,508.
[26]VLACHOS M,KOLLIOS G,GUNOPULOS D.Discovering similar multidimensional trajectories[C]∥Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Data Engineering.San Jose,CA:IEEE,2002:673-684.
[27]王华夏,程咏梅,刘楠,等.面向地形等高线匹配的三重约束LCSS算法[J].西北工业大学学报,2017,35(1):38-42.WANG Huaxia,CHENG Yongmei,LIU Nan,et al.Aalgorithm based on triple constraint LCSS for terrain contour lines[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2017,35(1):38-42.
[28]VLACHOS M,HADJIELEFTHERIOU M,GUNOPU-LOS D,et al.Indexing multi-dimensional time-series with support for multiple distance measures[C]∥Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining.Washington,D.C.:ACM,2003:216-225.
[29]TONG Xiaohua,LIANG Dan,JIN Yanmin.A linear road object matching method for conflation based on optimization and logistic regression[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2014,28(4):824-846.