江苏泰州市稻-麦轮作体系土壤氮磷钾养分平衡状况
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摘要
【目的】本文旨在评价泰州市稻麦轮作耕地养分平衡情况,为推进耕地质量提升、减轻农业面源污染提供理论依据,对今后耕地质量建设与保护工作提出对策和建议。【方法】以江苏省耕地质量监测数据库中2012—2017年泰州市20个省级耕地质量监测点的肥料投入和作物产量数据为基础,根据不同作物产量与养分吸收的关系测算出各监测点养分投入和吸收数据,并据此计算养分平衡率,利用SPSS软件对不同农区、不同年度的上述数据进行统计分析。【结果】该市近年来氮肥投入总量基本稳定,磷肥、钾肥投入逐年上升,2017年增加显著。不同农区、不同年度的作物产量间没有显著性差异,年均产量为小麦籽粒4705.5 kg/hm~2,小麦茎杆5220.3 kg/hm~2,水稻籽粒7049.2 kg/hm~2,水稻茎杆7511.5 kg/hm~2。全市耕地土壤氮肥、磷肥盈余,钾肥亏损。氮肥年均盈余率为117.53%,磷肥年均盈余率为24.19%,钾肥年均亏缺率为-49.04%。土壤氮肥盈余率较为稳定,年度间变化不显著。磷肥盈余率呈现逐年上升趋势,但没有显著差异。钾肥亏缺率呈现逐年下降趋势,2017年钾肥亏缺率为-36.19%,显著低于其他年份。各区土壤养分盈亏情况均为氮、磷盈余,钾亏损。氮肥以里下河区盈余率最高,为139.53%,显著高于高沙土区(106.27%)和沿江区(106.71%)。磷肥盈亏率各区之间没有显著性差异。钾肥以高沙土区亏缺率最低,为-40.96%,显著低于里下河区(-57.73%)和沿江区(-48.19%)。【结论】泰州市近年来肥料投入整体符合"减氮控磷、补施钾肥"的原则,有效保证了当地作物的稳定高产,但各农区土壤养分盈亏状况不同,氮磷钾养分盈亏变化趋势也不完全相同。因此,应根据各区具体盈余及变化,调整氮磷钾施肥量。
【Objectives】The purpose of the study is to evaluate the rice-wheat rotation farmland nutrient balance situation in Taizhou, aimed at promoting the cultivated land quality, providing a theory basis for inhibition of agricultural pollution, and coming up with countermeasures and suggestions for cultivated land quality construction and protection in the future.【Methods】The data of fertilizer input and crop yield was from the 20 monitoring sites in Taizhou City from 2012 to 2017, which was part of the Farmland Quality Monitoring Database of Jiangsu Province. The annual and average nutrient input and crop uptake in the main rural areas of Taizhou were calculated and compared. The soil nutrient balance rates were calculated according to the crop removal and input, and proposals were given for the efficient nutrient management in Taizhou.【Results】During the monitoring period, the total nitrogen input was generally stable, the total phosphorus and potassium fertilizer input were gradually increasing, and a sharp increase in potassium input happened in 2017. The average yield in Taizhou was 4705.5 kg/hm~2 for wheat grain, 5220.3 kg/hm~2 for wheat straw, 7049.2 kg/hm~2 for rice grain and7511.5 kg/hm~2 for rice straw. There was neither significant yearly difference in crop yields, nor significant difference among the rural areas. The soil nitrogen and phosphorous were surplus, and potassium was in deficit.The average nitrogen surplus rate was 117.53%, that of phosphorus was 24.19%, and the average potassium deficit rate was-49.04%. The nitrogen surplus rates kept stable, with no significant yearly differences. The phosphorus surplus rates raised slowly every year, with no significant changes. The potassium deficit rate decreased every year, the deficit rate in 2017 was significantly lower than other years, which was-36.19%. The nutrient balance of all rural areas was in accordance with the average situation, nitrogen and phosphorous were in surplus, and potassium in deficit. The nitrogen surplus rate in Lixiahe area was significantly higher than Gaoshatu area(106.27%) and Yanjiang area(106.71%), which was 139.53%. The surplus rate of phosphorus did not show significant differences among the three areas. Gaoshatu area had the lowest annual potassium deficit rate(-40.96%), which was significantly lower than the Lixiahe area(-57.73%) and Yanjiang area(-48.19%).【Conclusions】The fertilization use in Taizhou has obeyed the principle of ‘Reducing nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus and increasing potassium' for guarantying the stable and high production of crop. As the nutrient surplus and deficit vary in rural areas, specific fertilization measurements should be carried out according to the practical nutrient status in each area of Taizhou.
【Objectives】The purpose of the study is to evaluate the rice-wheat rotation farmland nutrient balance situation in Taizhou, aimed at promoting the cultivated land quality, providing a theory basis for inhibition of agricultural pollution, and coming up with countermeasures and suggestions for cultivated land quality construction and protection in the future.【Methods】The data of fertilizer input and crop yield was from the 20 monitoring sites in Taizhou City from 2012 to 2017, which was part of the Farmland Quality Monitoring Database of Jiangsu Province. The annual and average nutrient input and crop uptake in the main rural areas of Taizhou were calculated and compared. The soil nutrient balance rates were calculated according to the crop removal and input, and proposals were given for the efficient nutrient management in Taizhou.【Results】During the monitoring period, the total nitrogen input was generally stable, the total phosphorus and potassium fertilizer input were gradually increasing, and a sharp increase in potassium input happened in 2017. The average yield in Taizhou was 4705.5 kg/hm~2 for wheat grain, 5220.3 kg/hm~2 for wheat straw, 7049.2 kg/hm~2 for rice grain and7511.5 kg/hm~2 for rice straw. There was neither significant yearly difference in crop yields, nor significant difference among the rural areas. The soil nitrogen and phosphorous were surplus, and potassium was in deficit.The average nitrogen surplus rate was 117.53%, that of phosphorus was 24.19%, and the average potassium deficit rate was-49.04%. The nitrogen surplus rates kept stable, with no significant yearly differences. The phosphorus surplus rates raised slowly every year, with no significant changes. The potassium deficit rate decreased every year, the deficit rate in 2017 was significantly lower than other years, which was-36.19%. The nutrient balance of all rural areas was in accordance with the average situation, nitrogen and phosphorous were in surplus, and potassium in deficit. The nitrogen surplus rate in Lixiahe area was significantly higher than Gaoshatu area(106.27%) and Yanjiang area(106.71%), which was 139.53%. The surplus rate of phosphorus did not show significant differences among the three areas. Gaoshatu area had the lowest annual potassium deficit rate(-40.96%), which was significantly lower than the Lixiahe area(-57.73%) and Yanjiang area(-48.19%).【Conclusions】The fertilization use in Taizhou has obeyed the principle of ‘Reducing nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus and increasing potassium' for guarantying the stable and high production of crop. As the nutrient surplus and deficit vary in rural areas, specific fertilization measurements should be carried out according to the practical nutrient status in each area of Taizhou.
引文
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