GRACE离散时变重力场的大尺度动态变化模型构建分析
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摘要
针对GRACE月时变重力场的离散球谐系数,提出联合经验正交函数分解和多通道奇异谱分析的方法,在有效实现空间维数压缩和条带噪声去除的同时,提取、分析其动态变化特征并构建相应的变化模型。结果表明,GRACE离散球谐系数存在显著的周年项和长期趋势项变化成分,其中,周年项模态的方差贡献达到50.6%,扣除周年项成分后长期趋势项的累积方差贡献达到77.4%。以长期趋势项和周年项成分构建的非线性模型能较好地反映离散球谐系数及其反演结果的动态变化特征,其对全球陆表等效水柱高的拟合标准差介于0.3～14.0cm,平均标准差为1.8cm。研究结果可为分析地球重力场各参量变化特征及地球动力学变化提供重要参考。
For the monthly spherical harmonic coefficients(SHCs)from GRACE,a method using empirical orthogonal function(EOF)and multi-channel singular spectrum analysis(MSSA)is presented to effectively reduce its dimension and remove its strip noise.The dynamic changing of the SHCs is analyzed,and the corresponding changing model is then constructed.The significant annual term and long term trend have been found in the discrete SHCs,which account for 50.6%and 77.4%(after the annual term has been deducted)of the total variance,respectively.The nonlinear model,which constructed from long term trend and annual term,can perfectly reflect the dynamic changing of the SHCs and its inversion results.And the fitting standard deviation of the equivalent water height on grids over global land areas is between 0.3 cm and 14.0 cm,and the average standard deviation is 1.8 cm.This study can provide valuable implications for the research on the parameter changing characteristics of gravity field and geodynamics.
For the monthly spherical harmonic coefficients(SHCs)from GRACE,a method using empirical orthogonal function(EOF)and multi-channel singular spectrum analysis(MSSA)is presented to effectively reduce its dimension and remove its strip noise.The dynamic changing of the SHCs is analyzed,and the corresponding changing model is then constructed.The significant annual term and long term trend have been found in the discrete SHCs,which account for 50.6%and 77.4%(after the annual term has been deducted)of the total variance,respectively.The nonlinear model,which constructed from long term trend and annual term,can perfectly reflect the dynamic changing of the SHCs and its inversion results.And the fitting standard deviation of the equivalent water height on grids over global land areas is between 0.3 cm and 14.0 cm,and the average standard deviation is 1.8 cm.This study can provide valuable implications for the research on the parameter changing characteristics of gravity field and geodynamics.
引文
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[24] GUO Jinyun,LI Wudong,CHANG Xiaotao,et al.Terrestrial Water Storage Changes over Xinjiang Extracted by Combining Gaussian filter and Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis from GRACE[J].Geophysical Journal International,2018,213(1):397-407.
[25] ZOTOV L,SHUM C K.Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis of the Gravity Field Data from GRACE Satellites[C]∥AIP Conference Proceedings.[S.l.]:AIP,2010(1206):473-479.
[26] CHENG Minkang,TAPLEY B D.Variations in the Earth’s Oblateness During the Past 28Years[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2004,109(B9):B09402.
[27] SWENSON S,CHAMBERS D,WAHR J.Estimating Geocenter Variations from a Combination of GRACE and Ocean Model Output[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2008,113(B8):B08410.
[28] GHIL M,ALLEN M R,DETTINGER M D,et al.Advanced Spectral Methods for Climatic Time Series[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2002,40(1):1003.
[29] PLAUT G,VAUTARD R.Spells of Low-frequency Oscillations and Weather Regimes in the Northern Hemisphere[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1994,51(2):210-236.
[30] TAPLEY B D,BETTADPUR S,RIES J C,et al.GRACE Measurements of Mass Variability in the Earth System[J].Science,2004,305(5683):503-505.
[31]胡小工,陈剑利,周永宏,等.利用GRACE空间重力测量监测长江流域水储量的季节性变化[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2006,36(3):225-232.HU Xiaogong,CHEN Jianli,ZHOU Yonghong,et al.Seasonal Water Storage Change of the Yangtze River Basin Detected by GRACE[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2006,54(9):483-491.
[32]钟敏,段建宾,许厚泽,等.利用卫星重力观测研究近5年中国陆地水量中长空间尺度的变化趋势[J].科学通报,2009,54(9):1290-1294.ZHONG Min,DUAN Jianbin,XU Houze,et al.Trend of China Land Water Storage Redistribution at Medi-and Large-spatial Scales in Recent Five Years by Satellite Gravity Observations[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(9):1290-1294.
[33]鄂栋臣,杨元德,晁定波.基于GRACE资料研究南极冰盖消减对海平面的影响[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9):2222-2228.E Dongchen,YANG Yuande,CHAO Dingbo.The Sea Level Change from the Antarctic Ice Sheet Based on GRACE[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(9):2222-2228.
[34] WANG Hangsheng,JIA Lulu,STEFFEN H,et al.Increased Water Storage in North America and Scandinavia from GRACE Gravity Data[J].Nature Geoscience,2013,6(1):38-42.
[35]贾路路,汪汉胜,相龙伟.利用GRACE、GPS和绝对重力数据监测斯堪的纳维亚陆地水储量变化[J].测绘学报,2017,46(2):170-178.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160272.JIA Lulu,WANG Hansheng,XIANG Longwei.Measuring Terrestrial Water Storage Change Using GRACE,GPS and Absolute Gravity Data in Scandinavia[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2017,46(2):170-178.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160272.
[36] MATSUO K,HEKI K.Anomalous Precipitation Signatures of the Arctic Oscillation in the Time-variable Gravity Field by GRACE[J].Geophysical Journal International,2012,190(3):1495-1506.
[37] PHILLIPS T,NEREM R S,FOX-KEMPER B,et al.The Influence of ENSO on Global Terrestrial Water Storage Using GRACE[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2012,39(16):L16705.
[38] CHEN J L,WILSON C R,TAPLEY B D.The 2009Exceptional Amazon Flood and Interannual Terrestrial Water Storage Change Observed by GRACE[J].Water Resources Research,2010,46(12):W12526.
[39] CHEN J L,WILSON C R,TAPLEY B D,et al.2005Drought Event in the Amazon River Basin as Measured by GRACE and Estimated by Climate Models[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2009,114(B5):B05404.
[2] WAHR J,MOLENAAR M,BRYAN F.Time Variability of the Earth’s Gravity Field:Hydrological and Oceanic Effects and Their Possible Detection Using GRACE[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1998,103(B12):30205-30229.
[3] SWENSON S,WAHR J.Post-processing Removal of Correlated Errors in GRACE Data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(8):402-405.
[4] CHEN J L,WILSON C R,TAPLEY B D,et al.GRACE Detects Coseismic and Postseismic Deformation from the Sumatra-andaman Earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(13):302.
[5]詹金刚,王勇,郝晓光.GRACE时变重力位系数误差的改进去相关算法[J].测绘学报,2011,40(4):442-446,453.ZHAN Jingang,WANG Yong,HAO Xiaoguang.Improved Method for Removal of Correlated Errors in GRACE Data[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2011,40(4):442-446,453.
[6] CHAMBERS D P,BONIN J A.Evaluation of Release-05GRACE Time-variable Gravity Coefficients over the Ocean[J].Ocean Science,2012,8(5):859-868.
[7] TAPLEY B D,BETTADPUR S,WATKINS M,et al.The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment:Mission Overview and Early Results[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(9):4.
[8]罗志才,李琼,张坤,等.利用GRACE时变重力场反演南极冰盖的质量变化趋势[J].中国科学(地球科学),2012,42(10):1590-1596.LUO Zhicai,LI Qiong,ZHANG Kun,et al.Trend of Mass Change in the Antarctic Ice Sheet Recovered from the GRACE Temporal Gravity Field[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2012,42(10):1590-1596.
[9] OGAWA R,CHAO B F,HEKI K.Acceleration Signal in GRACE Time-variable Gravity in Relation to Interannual Hydrological Changes[J].Geophysical Journal International,2011,184(2):673-679.
[10]杨元德,鄂栋臣,晁定波,等.GRACE估算陆地水储量季节和年际变化[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(12):2987-2992.YANG Yuande,E Dongchen,CHAO DingBo,et al.Seasonal and Inter-annual Change in Land Water Storage from GRACE[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(12):2987-2992.
[11] RANGELOVA E,SIDERIS M G,KIM J W.On the Capabilities of the Multi-channel Singular Spectrum Method for Extracting the Main Periodic and Non-periodic Variability from Weekly GRACE data[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2012,54(2):64-78.
[12]涂弋,陆洋,张子占,等.利用GRACE资料构造大尺度时变重力场统一模型[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2016,41(8):1100-1106,1112.TU Yi,LU Yang,ZHANG Zizhan,et al.Large-scale Time-variable Unified Gravity Field Model Using GRACE Data[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2016,41(8):1100-1106,1112.
[13] KUSCHE J,EICKER A,FOROOTAN E.Analysis Tools for GRACE and Related Data Sets,Theoretical Basis[R].Technichal Report,Mayschoss,Germany:[s.n.],2011.
[14] FOROOTAN E.Statistical Signal Decomposition Techniques for Analyzing Time-variable Satellite Gravimetry Data[D].Bonn:University of Bonn,2014.
[15] WOUTERS B,SCHRAMA E J O.Improved Accuracy of GRACE Gravity Solutions through Empirical Orthogonal Function Filtering of Spherical Harmonics[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(23):229-241.
[16] SCHRAMA E J O,WOUTERS B,LAVALLE D A.Signal and Noise in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)Observed Surface Mass Variations[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2007,112(B8):407.
[17] RANGELOVA E,VAN DER WAL W,BRAUN A,et al.Analysis of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Time-variable Mass Redistribution Signals over North America by Means of Principal Component Analysis[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112(F3):F03002.
[18] SCHMEER M,SCHMIDT M,BOSCH W,et al.Separation of Mass Signals within GRACE Monthly Gravity Field Models by Means of Empirical Orthogonal Functions[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2012,59-60:124-132.
[19] RIETBROEK R.Retrieval of Sea Level and Surface Loading Variations from Geodetic Observations and Model Simulations:An Integrated Approach[D].Bonn:University of Bonn,2014.
[20]文汉江,黄振威,王友雷,等.青藏高原及其周边地区水储量变化的独立成分分析[J].测绘学报,2016,45(1):9-15.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20140447.WEN Hanjiang,HUANG Zhenwei,WANG Youlei,et al.Independent Component Analysis of Water Storage Changes Interpretation over Tibetan Plateau and Its Surrounding Areas[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2016,45(1):9-15.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20140447.
[21]吴洪宝,吴蕾.气候变率诊断和预测方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2010.WU Hongbao, WU Lei.Methods for Diagnosing and Forecasting Climate Variability[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2010.
[22] RANGELOVA E,SIDERIS M G.Contributions of Terrestrial and GRACE Data to the Study of the Secular Geoid Changes in North America[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2008,46(3-5):131-143.
[23] DE LINAGE C,KIM H,FAMIGLIETTI J S,et al.Impact of Pacific and Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures on Interannual and Decadal Variations of GRACE Land Water Storage in Tropical South America[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2013,118(19):10811-10829.
[24] GUO Jinyun,LI Wudong,CHANG Xiaotao,et al.Terrestrial Water Storage Changes over Xinjiang Extracted by Combining Gaussian filter and Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis from GRACE[J].Geophysical Journal International,2018,213(1):397-407.
[25] ZOTOV L,SHUM C K.Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis of the Gravity Field Data from GRACE Satellites[C]∥AIP Conference Proceedings.[S.l.]:AIP,2010(1206):473-479.
[26] CHENG Minkang,TAPLEY B D.Variations in the Earth’s Oblateness During the Past 28Years[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2004,109(B9):B09402.
[27] SWENSON S,CHAMBERS D,WAHR J.Estimating Geocenter Variations from a Combination of GRACE and Ocean Model Output[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2008,113(B8):B08410.
[28] GHIL M,ALLEN M R,DETTINGER M D,et al.Advanced Spectral Methods for Climatic Time Series[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2002,40(1):1003.
[29] PLAUT G,VAUTARD R.Spells of Low-frequency Oscillations and Weather Regimes in the Northern Hemisphere[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1994,51(2):210-236.
[30] TAPLEY B D,BETTADPUR S,RIES J C,et al.GRACE Measurements of Mass Variability in the Earth System[J].Science,2004,305(5683):503-505.
[31]胡小工,陈剑利,周永宏,等.利用GRACE空间重力测量监测长江流域水储量的季节性变化[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2006,36(3):225-232.HU Xiaogong,CHEN Jianli,ZHOU Yonghong,et al.Seasonal Water Storage Change of the Yangtze River Basin Detected by GRACE[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2006,54(9):483-491.
[32]钟敏,段建宾,许厚泽,等.利用卫星重力观测研究近5年中国陆地水量中长空间尺度的变化趋势[J].科学通报,2009,54(9):1290-1294.ZHONG Min,DUAN Jianbin,XU Houze,et al.Trend of China Land Water Storage Redistribution at Medi-and Large-spatial Scales in Recent Five Years by Satellite Gravity Observations[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(9):1290-1294.
[33]鄂栋臣,杨元德,晁定波.基于GRACE资料研究南极冰盖消减对海平面的影响[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9):2222-2228.E Dongchen,YANG Yuande,CHAO Dingbo.The Sea Level Change from the Antarctic Ice Sheet Based on GRACE[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(9):2222-2228.
[34] WANG Hangsheng,JIA Lulu,STEFFEN H,et al.Increased Water Storage in North America and Scandinavia from GRACE Gravity Data[J].Nature Geoscience,2013,6(1):38-42.
[35]贾路路,汪汉胜,相龙伟.利用GRACE、GPS和绝对重力数据监测斯堪的纳维亚陆地水储量变化[J].测绘学报,2017,46(2):170-178.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160272.JIA Lulu,WANG Hansheng,XIANG Longwei.Measuring Terrestrial Water Storage Change Using GRACE,GPS and Absolute Gravity Data in Scandinavia[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2017,46(2):170-178.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160272.
[36] MATSUO K,HEKI K.Anomalous Precipitation Signatures of the Arctic Oscillation in the Time-variable Gravity Field by GRACE[J].Geophysical Journal International,2012,190(3):1495-1506.
[37] PHILLIPS T,NEREM R S,FOX-KEMPER B,et al.The Influence of ENSO on Global Terrestrial Water Storage Using GRACE[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2012,39(16):L16705.
[38] CHEN J L,WILSON C R,TAPLEY B D.The 2009Exceptional Amazon Flood and Interannual Terrestrial Water Storage Change Observed by GRACE[J].Water Resources Research,2010,46(12):W12526.
[39] CHEN J L,WILSON C R,TAPLEY B D,et al.2005Drought Event in the Amazon River Basin as Measured by GRACE and Estimated by Climate Models[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2009,114(B5):B05404.