黑岱沟露天矿端帮压煤井工开采覆岩与地表变形破坏规律研究
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摘要
为保证黑岱沟露天煤矿首采区西端帮压煤能够安全回采,分析了该采区端帮下煤层的赋存条件、顶板条件、地质构造与上覆岩层结构特征。研究了端帮下压煤层井工开采的上覆岩层与地表变形破坏规律;构建了露天与井下采场的三维地质模型,分析了针对首采区西帮与南帮下压煤层开采后的巷道煤柱稳定性、地表变形范围与采场边坡对工业场地的影响。结果表明,在矿坑边界侧的浅部与矿权界侧深部的上覆岩层变形破坏规律不同,形成的"三带"存在明显差异;缺失原坚固地层并回填松散排土的边坡下采煤工作面顶板关键层仍能起到保护作用;井巷工程的三角形保护煤柱应力集中区与塑性区分布小,大部分区域处于安全状态;西帮与南帮地下开采所引起的潜在滑坡危险区与地表移动变形范围对井口工业场地影响较小,不会对井口造成安全威胁。
The occurrence condition, roof condition, geological structure and structure characteristics of overlying strata of coal seam under the mining end area are analyzed to ensure the safety of coal mining in the coal seam compressed at the western end of the first mining area of Heidaigou open-pit mine. The law of deformation and fracture of surface and overlying strata of underground mining the coal seam compressed at end slope is revealed. With the three-dimensional geological model of open-pit and underground stope, the stability of coal pillar of roadway, the deformation scope of surface and the influence of stope slope on the industrial site are mainly analyzed after exploiting coal seam at the western slope and the south slope of the first mining area. The results have shown that the deformation and failure laws of the overlying strata at the shallow and the deep side of the boundary mining are different, forming obviously different "three belts". In spite of the missing of original firm strata and the dumping of backfilled incompact sands, the key roof stratum of coalface at side slope can still play a protective role. The stress concentration zones and the plastic zones of triangle protection coal pillar of sinking and driving engineering are small, most of which are safe. The movement and deformation of ground surface and the potential landslide danger zones caused by underground mining have little effect on the industrial field and the safety of facilities of wellhead.
The occurrence condition, roof condition, geological structure and structure characteristics of overlying strata of coal seam under the mining end area are analyzed to ensure the safety of coal mining in the coal seam compressed at the western end of the first mining area of Heidaigou open-pit mine. The law of deformation and fracture of surface and overlying strata of underground mining the coal seam compressed at end slope is revealed. With the three-dimensional geological model of open-pit and underground stope, the stability of coal pillar of roadway, the deformation scope of surface and the influence of stope slope on the industrial site are mainly analyzed after exploiting coal seam at the western slope and the south slope of the first mining area. The results have shown that the deformation and failure laws of the overlying strata at the shallow and the deep side of the boundary mining are different, forming obviously different "three belts". In spite of the missing of original firm strata and the dumping of backfilled incompact sands, the key roof stratum of coalface at side slope can still play a protective role. The stress concentration zones and the plastic zones of triangle protection coal pillar of sinking and driving engineering are small, most of which are safe. The movement and deformation of ground surface and the potential landslide danger zones caused by underground mining have little effect on the industrial field and the safety of facilities of wellhead.
引文
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[3]张志,刘闯,薛应东,等.相邻露天矿境界重叠区边帮压煤协调开采技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(9):91-95.ZHANG Zhi,LIU Chuang,XUE Yingdong,et al.Coordination mining technology of coal under side slopes in crossed limit area of two adjacent open pits[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(9):91-95.
[4]白润才,刘闯,薛应东,等.相邻露天矿边帮压煤协调开采技术[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):2001-2006.BAI Runcai,LIU Chuang,XUE Yingdong,et al.Coordination mining technology for coal underlying the slopes between two adjacent open pits[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(10):2001-2006.
[5]刘义新,戴华阳,姜耀东.厚松散层矿区采动岩土体移动规律模拟试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(5):700-706.LIU Yixin,DAI Huayang,JIANG Yaodong.Model test for mining induced movement law of rock and soil mass under thick unconsolidated layers[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(5):700-706.
[6]刘义新,戴华阳,郭文兵.巨厚松散层下深部宽条带开采地表移动规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(3):336-340.LIU Yixin,DAI Huayang,GUO Wenbing.Surface movement laws of deep wide strip-pillar mining under thick alluvium[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(3):336-340.
[7]王金庄,常占强,陈勇.厚松散层条件下开采程度及地表下沉模式的研究[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(3):230-234.WANG Jinzhuang,CHANG Zhanqiang,CHEN Yong.Study on mining degree and patterns of ground subsidence in condition of mining under thick unconsolidated layers[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(3):230-234.
[8]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010:340-351.
[9]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.岩层控制中的关键层理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(3):225-230.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,XU Jialin.Theoretical study of key stratum in ground control[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1996,21(3):225-230.
[10]吕进国.巨厚坚硬顶板条件下逆断层对冲击地压作用机制研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2013.
[11]刘光伟.数字化露天矿虚拟开采模型构建技术及应用研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2010.