低应力下料中耐磨轴承-棒料摩擦副的减摩抗磨效果分析
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摘要
针对低应力下料中下料模具和棒材表面挤压和摩擦磨损严重问题,提出了下料模具中直接与棒料表面接触的耐磨轴承新结构,并将纳米MoS_2润滑剂应用于挤压表面的减摩抗磨中。采用正交试验法,研究了在低应力下料中耐磨轴承上开槽形状、开槽个数、开槽深度、槽间距及纳米MoS_2润滑剂对耐磨轴承-棒料摩擦副的减摩抗磨效果的影响;通过金相显微镜观察耐磨轴承材料高碳铬轴承钢的磨斑表面形貌,研究了纳米MoS_2润滑剂的减摩抗磨机理。结果表明:对耐磨轴承-棒料摩擦副的摩擦系数影响最大的因素是槽型,对磨损量影响最大的因素是槽数;未施加纳米MoS_2润滑时最优减摩抗磨方案是6个梯形槽,槽深0. 8 mm,槽间距2. 2 mm;施加纳米MoS_2后最优减摩抗磨方案为6个梯形槽,槽深1 mm,槽间距2. 4 mm。表面布置的等间距槽具有良好的储存润滑剂的功能,在施加纳米MoS_2润滑剂后,摩擦系数比开槽以后未施加MoS_2润滑剂时降低了80. 8%,磨损量至少减少60%。
Aiming at the problem of extrusion,friction and wear between cropping die and bar surface in low-stress cropping,a new wear-resistant bearing structure was proposed,which directly contacted the surface of bar in cropping die,and nano-MoS_2 lubricant was used in anti-friction and anti-wear of extruded surfaces. The influences of groove shape,number of grooves,groove depth,groove pitch and nano-MoS_2 lubricant on anti-friction and anti-wear effects of wear-resistant bearing and bar friction pair were investigated experimentally. The wear surface morphology of wear-resistant bearing material of high-carbon chromium bearing steel was observed by metallographic microscope,and the mechanism of anti-friction and anti-wear of nano-MoS_2 lubricant was studied. The research results show that the factor that has the greatest influence on the friction coefficient of wear-resistant bearing and bar friction pair is the groove shape,and the factor that has the greatest influence on the wear amount is the number of grooves; without applying nano MoS_2,the best anti-friction and antiwear solution is 6 trapezoidal grooves with groove depth of 0. 8 mm and groove spacing of 2. 2 mm; however,the best solution after nanoMoS_2 application is 6 trapezoidal grooves with groove depth of 1 mm,groove spacing of 2. 4 mm. The equal distance grooves arranged on surface have a good function of storing lubricant,after applying nano-MoS_2 lubricant,the friction coefficient is reduced by 80. 8% compared with the case without MoS_2 lubricants after slotting,and the wear amount is reduced by at least 60%.
Aiming at the problem of extrusion,friction and wear between cropping die and bar surface in low-stress cropping,a new wear-resistant bearing structure was proposed,which directly contacted the surface of bar in cropping die,and nano-MoS_2 lubricant was used in anti-friction and anti-wear of extruded surfaces. The influences of groove shape,number of grooves,groove depth,groove pitch and nano-MoS_2 lubricant on anti-friction and anti-wear effects of wear-resistant bearing and bar friction pair were investigated experimentally. The wear surface morphology of wear-resistant bearing material of high-carbon chromium bearing steel was observed by metallographic microscope,and the mechanism of anti-friction and anti-wear of nano-MoS_2 lubricant was studied. The research results show that the factor that has the greatest influence on the friction coefficient of wear-resistant bearing and bar friction pair is the groove shape,and the factor that has the greatest influence on the wear amount is the number of grooves; without applying nano MoS_2,the best anti-friction and antiwear solution is 6 trapezoidal grooves with groove depth of 0. 8 mm and groove spacing of 2. 2 mm; however,the best solution after nanoMoS_2 application is 6 trapezoidal grooves with groove depth of 1 mm,groove spacing of 2. 4 mm. The equal distance grooves arranged on surface have a good function of storing lubricant,after applying nano-MoS_2 lubricant,the friction coefficient is reduced by 80. 8% compared with the case without MoS_2 lubricants after slotting,and the wear amount is reduced by at least 60%.
引文
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[13]唐扬,刘利国,王泽宇,等.45~#钢在含有微米级二硫化钼的18~#齿轮油中的摩擦磨损性能[J].服装学报,2014,13(1):76-79.TANG Yang,LIU Liguo,WANG Zeyu,et al.Friction and wear properties of 45-#steel in 18-#gear oil containing micron-sized molybdenum disulfide[J].Journal of Clothing,2014,13(1):76-79.
[14]沃恒洲.纳米润滑级二硫化钼摩擦学特性研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003.WO Hengzhou.Study on tribological properties of nano-lubricated molybdenum disulfide[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2003.
[15]朱公志,高玉周,刘世永,等.羟基硅酸镁复合粉体润滑油添加剂对钢-钢摩擦副的抗磨自修复机理[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(2):183-188.ZHU Gongzhi,GAO Yuzhou,LIU Shiyong,et al.Anti-wear selfrepairing mechanism of lubricating oil additive of magnesium hydroxysilicate composite powder on steel-steel friction pair[J].Tribology,2012,32(2):183-188.
[2]张立军,张德培,周树恩,等.低应力下料中棒料V型槽应力集中系数的计算[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(3):254-260.ZHANG Lijun,ZHANG Depei,ZHOU Shuen,et al.Calculation of stress concentration coefficient of V-shaped groove of bar in lowstress cropping[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(3):254-260.
[3]张立军,赵永瑞,王世敬.新型低应力弯曲下料外力加载模式的研究[J].机械强度,2013,(4):509-512.ZHANG Lijun,ZHAO Yongrui,WANG Shijing.Study on loading mode of external forces for a new type of low stress bending cutting[J].Mechanical Strength,2013,(4):509-512.
[4]田宇忠,刘正林,刘宇,等.带轴向槽水润滑轴承润滑性能数值分析与研究[J].船海工程,2009,38(3):56-59.TIAN Yuzhong,LIU Zhenglin,LIU Yu,et al.Numerical analysis and research on lubrication performance of water-lubricated bearings with axial groove[J].Nautical Engineering,2009,38(3):56-59.
[5]祝溪明.滚动轴承材料热处理及其新技术应用研究[J].机械设计与制造,2012,(12):220-221.ZHU Ximing.Research on heat treatment of rolling bearing materials and its application in new technology[J].Mechanical Design&Manufacture,2012,(12):220-221.
[6]沃恒洲,胡坤宏,胡献国.纳米二硫化钼作为机械油添加剂的摩擦学特性研究[J].摩擦学学报,2004,24(1):33-37.WO Hengzhou,HU Kunhong,HU Xianguo.Study on tribological properties of nano molybdenum disulfide as mechanical oil additive[J].Journal of Tribology,2004,24(1):33-37.
[7]陈金德.金属材料精密分离概论[J].模具工业,1990,(6):5-10.CHEN Jinde.Introduction to precise separation of metal materials[J].Mould and Die Industry,1990,(6):5-10.
[8]陈先锋,张立军,张德培,等.基于XFEM的加载参数对棒料V型槽尖端起裂影响规律[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(4):254-261.CHEN Xianfeng,ZHANG Lijun,ZHANG Depei,et al.Influence rule of loading parameters on crack initiation at the tip of V-shaped notch of bars based on XFEM[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(4):254-261.
[9]周学政,汪长国,戴亚,等.综合平衡法在滚筒管板烘丝机工艺参数优化中的应用[J].烟草科技,2009,(4):18-20.ZHOU Xuezheng,WANG Changguo,DAI Ya,et al.Application of comprehensive balance method in optimization of process parameters of drum tube dryer[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2009,(4):18-20.
[10]袁晓东,倪丽,张建锋,等.材料的抗磨减摩机理探讨[J].润滑油,2011,26(2):5-10.YUAN Xiaodong,NI Li,ZHANG Jianfeng,et al.Antiwear and friction reduction mechanism of materials[J].Lubricant,2011,26(2):5-10.
[11]冯欣.钢-铜摩擦副在边界润滑条件下的减摩抗磨机理研究[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(3):209-214.FENG Xin.Friction-reduction and wear-resistance mechanism of steel-copper friction pair under boundary lubrication conditions[J].Journal of Tribology,2012,32(3):209-214.
[12]董丽荣,李长生,丁巧党,等.PbO对高温超导体YBa2Cu307-δ摩擦磨损性能的影响[C]∥第八届全国摩擦学大会.广州,2007:337-342.DONG Lirong,LI Changsheng,DING Qiaodang,et al.Effect of PbO on the friction and wear properties of high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu307-δ[C]∥The 8th National Tribology Conference.Guangzhou,2007:337-342.
[13]唐扬,刘利国,王泽宇,等.45~#钢在含有微米级二硫化钼的18~#齿轮油中的摩擦磨损性能[J].服装学报,2014,13(1):76-79.TANG Yang,LIU Liguo,WANG Zeyu,et al.Friction and wear properties of 45-#steel in 18-#gear oil containing micron-sized molybdenum disulfide[J].Journal of Clothing,2014,13(1):76-79.
[14]沃恒洲.纳米润滑级二硫化钼摩擦学特性研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003.WO Hengzhou.Study on tribological properties of nano-lubricated molybdenum disulfide[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2003.
[15]朱公志,高玉周,刘世永,等.羟基硅酸镁复合粉体润滑油添加剂对钢-钢摩擦副的抗磨自修复机理[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(2):183-188.ZHU Gongzhi,GAO Yuzhou,LIU Shiyong,et al.Anti-wear selfrepairing mechanism of lubricating oil additive of magnesium hydroxysilicate composite powder on steel-steel friction pair[J].Tribology,2012,32(2):183-188.
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