石墨烯类材料在膜分离领域中的应用与研究
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摘要
二维材料石墨烯具有超薄片层结构,其片层间隙尺寸可实现对特定物质的截留;同时,石墨烯具有极好的化学稳定性,能够作为表面防氧化保护层。近年来,利用石墨烯类材料改性分离膜的性能已成为该领域的研究热点。为探索石墨烯类材料在膜分离领域中的应用,对石墨烯的分类及其制备方法进行简要的概述,重点讨论了石墨烯改性在提高分离膜的通量、选择性、机械性能、热稳定性、耐氯性和抗污染性方面的机理。石墨烯类材料主要通过掺杂或表面沉积对分离膜进行改性,石墨烯类材料改性膜在脱盐、油水分离、染料脱色、有机物脱水、水溶液中脱除微量挥发性有机物、有机物-有机物分离和气体分离等领域均表现出优异的分离特性。石墨烯类材料片层内部及片层之间的空间可以为目标分离物提供传输通道,其表面基团和带电特性又增强了石墨烯改性膜与目标分离物之间的亲和作用,从而可以同时提高通量和选择性。调控石墨烯类材料自身的结构,改善其在高分子材料内的相容性,提高石墨改性膜的稳定性,是石墨烯类材料在膜分离领域未来的研究重点。
The two-dimensional graphene has an ultra-thin lamellar structure, and the gap size of lamellar can intercept specific substances. Meanwhile, graphene can also be used as a protective layer on the surface for anti-oxidation due to excellent chemical stability. In recent years, modification of separation membrane properties by graphene-based materials has become a research hotspot in this field. The work aims to explore the application of graphene-based materials in membrane separation.The classification and preparation methods of graphene were briefly introduced. The mechanisms of graphene modification in the improvement of flux, selectivity, mechanical properties, thermal stability, anti-chlorine property and anti-fouling property for the membranes were discussed. The membrane modification was mainly conducted with graphene-based materials through doping or surface depositing. The modified membranes of graphene-based materials showed excellent separation performance in desalination, oil-water separation, dye decolorization, organic dehydration, trace volatile organic compounds removal from aqueous solutions, organic-organic separation and gas separation. The inner-layer and inter-layer space of the graphene-based materials can build the transport channels for the permeate. The functional groups and charges on the surface of graphene-based materials can enhance the affinity between the permeate and the modified membrane. Thus, the flux and selectivity can be improved simultaneously. It is proposed that the future research can focus on tailoring the structure of graphene-based materials,improving the compatibility of graphene-based materials in the polymer matrix and enhancing the stability of graphene-based materials modified membranes.
The two-dimensional graphene has an ultra-thin lamellar structure, and the gap size of lamellar can intercept specific substances. Meanwhile, graphene can also be used as a protective layer on the surface for anti-oxidation due to excellent chemical stability. In recent years, modification of separation membrane properties by graphene-based materials has become a research hotspot in this field. The work aims to explore the application of graphene-based materials in membrane separation.The classification and preparation methods of graphene were briefly introduced. The mechanisms of graphene modification in the improvement of flux, selectivity, mechanical properties, thermal stability, anti-chlorine property and anti-fouling property for the membranes were discussed. The membrane modification was mainly conducted with graphene-based materials through doping or surface depositing. The modified membranes of graphene-based materials showed excellent separation performance in desalination, oil-water separation, dye decolorization, organic dehydration, trace volatile organic compounds removal from aqueous solutions, organic-organic separation and gas separation. The inner-layer and inter-layer space of the graphene-based materials can build the transport channels for the permeate. The functional groups and charges on the surface of graphene-based materials can enhance the affinity between the permeate and the modified membrane. Thus, the flux and selectivity can be improved simultaneously. It is proposed that the future research can focus on tailoring the structure of graphene-based materials,improving the compatibility of graphene-based materials in the polymer matrix and enhancing the stability of graphene-based materials modified membranes.
引文
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[13]HUANG H,YING Y,PENG X.Graphene oxide nanosheet:An emerging star material for novel separation membranes[J].Journal of materials chemistry,2014,2(134):13772-13782.
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[17]QIAN Y L,ZHOU C,HUANG A S.Cross-linking modification with diamine monomers to enhance desalination performance of graphene oxide membranes[J].Carbon,2018,136:28-37.
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[27]LIU L F,XIE X,ZAMBRARE R S,et al.Functionalized graphene oxide modified polyethersulfone membranes for low-pressure anionic dye/salt fractionation[J].Polymers,2018,795(10):2-15.
[28]ZHANG P,GONG J L,ZENG G M,et al.Ultrathin reduced graphene oxide/MOF nanofiltration membrane with improved purification performance at low pressure[J].Chemosphere,2018,204:378-389.
[29]王乃鑫.动态自组装聚电解质及纳米杂化复合分离膜研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2013.WANG Nai-xin.Dynamic self-assembly of polyelectrolyte and nanohybrid composite membrane and its separation performance[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2013.
[30]NAJAFI M,MOUSAVI S M,SALJOUGHI E.Preparation and characterization of poly(Ether block amide)/graphene membrane for recovery of isopropanol from aqueous solution via pervaporation[J].Polymer composites,201837(7):2259-2267.
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