2005–2016年大连市疟疾疫情分析
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摘要
目的分析大连市疟疾疫情及其流行病学特征,为调整和拟订适合该市的疟疾防控策略和措施提供科学根据。方法以2005–2016年中国疾病预防控制信息系统疟疾疫情报告资料为数据源,描述和分析大连市疟疾疫情流行病学特征。结果 2005–2016年大连市共报告143例疟疾病例,其中实验室确诊病例115例、临床诊断病例27例、疑似病例1例,实验室确诊病例包括65例恶性疟、19例间日疟、4例卵形疟、3例三日疟、15例恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫混合感染、9例未分型病例。在全部疟疾病例中,非洲输入性病例127例,占88.81%,病例输入较多的国家依次为赤道几内亚、利比里亚、加纳和尼日利亚等;5–10月输入性病例数占全部病例数的58.74%(84/143),输入性病例在8月出现一个小高峰。143例疟疾病例中,男女比例为10∶1,中位年龄42岁,在务工当地从事渔民、民工、工人等职业的病例占病例总数的55.24%(79/143);75例来自农村地区,68例来自城市地区;病例自回国到发病中位时间为8 d,回国后1个月内发病病例数占76.27%(90/118);病例从自觉发病到确诊为疟疾的时间间隔中位数为4 d,间隔时间最长达71 d。141例病例经规范足量药物治疗后痊愈,2例死亡。结论今后要加强大连市农村地区的疟疾防控,继续加强县级医疗机构培训,并加强对从境外疟疾流行区归国人员的疟疾监测和健康教育宣传,避免发生死亡病例。
Objective To describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Dalian City, so as to provide the evidence for adjusting and formulating malaria control strategy and measures, being in accordance with the practical situation in Dalian City. Methods The data of malaria cases in Dalian City from 2005 to 2016 were collected from China Diseases Surveillance Information Reporting Management System(DSIRMS), to describe and analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of malaria in Dalian City. Results A total of 143 malaria cases were reported in Dalian from 2005 to 2016, including 115 laboratory diagnosed cases, 27 clinically diagnosed cases, and 1 suspected diagnosed case. Among the 115 laboratory diagnosed patients,65 patients were infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 19 were infected with P. vivax, and 15 had mixed infection, 4 were infected with P. ovale, 3 were infected with P. malariae, and 9 were unclassified. All the cases were imported, 127 were imported from Africa, accounting for 88.81%, mainly were imported from Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Ghana and Nigeria. Most of the cases were imported from May to October, accounting for 58.74%(84/143), and the imported cases emerged a small peak in August. The ratio of males to females was 10∶1, and the median age was 42 years. Among the total cases, fishermen, migrant workers, and workman accounted for 55.24%(79/143). Seventy-five patients lived in rural districts, and 68 patients lived in urban districts. The median interval from backing to China to disease onset was 8 days. The proportion of disease onset within one month after backing to China was 76.27%(90/118). The median interval from disease onset to diagnosis was 4 days, and the longest interval was 71 days. Totally 141 patients were cured and 2 died. Conclusion In order to avoid malaria death, we should strengthen the malaria prevention and control, especially in rural districts, enhance the training for professionals in the county health facilities, and the surveillance and health education for those who are returned from malaria-endemic areas.
Objective To describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Dalian City, so as to provide the evidence for adjusting and formulating malaria control strategy and measures, being in accordance with the practical situation in Dalian City. Methods The data of malaria cases in Dalian City from 2005 to 2016 were collected from China Diseases Surveillance Information Reporting Management System(DSIRMS), to describe and analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of malaria in Dalian City. Results A total of 143 malaria cases were reported in Dalian from 2005 to 2016, including 115 laboratory diagnosed cases, 27 clinically diagnosed cases, and 1 suspected diagnosed case. Among the 115 laboratory diagnosed patients,65 patients were infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 19 were infected with P. vivax, and 15 had mixed infection, 4 were infected with P. ovale, 3 were infected with P. malariae, and 9 were unclassified. All the cases were imported, 127 were imported from Africa, accounting for 88.81%, mainly were imported from Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Ghana and Nigeria. Most of the cases were imported from May to October, accounting for 58.74%(84/143), and the imported cases emerged a small peak in August. The ratio of males to females was 10∶1, and the median age was 42 years. Among the total cases, fishermen, migrant workers, and workman accounted for 55.24%(79/143). Seventy-five patients lived in rural districts, and 68 patients lived in urban districts. The median interval from backing to China to disease onset was 8 days. The proportion of disease onset within one month after backing to China was 76.27%(90/118). The median interval from disease onset to diagnosis was 4 days, and the longest interval was 71 days. Totally 141 patients were cured and 2 died. Conclusion In order to avoid malaria death, we should strengthen the malaria prevention and control, especially in rural districts, enhance the training for professionals in the county health facilities, and the surveillance and health education for those who are returned from malaria-endemic areas.
引文
[1]World Health Organization.World malaria report 2017[R].Geneva:WHO Press,2018:1-3.
[2]龚震宇.2015年全球疟疾防控概况[J].疾病监测,2016,31(2):174-176.
[3]张丽,丰俊,张少森,等.2015年全国疟疾疫情分析[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2016,34(6):477-481.
[4]Hay SI,Guerra CA,Tatem AJ,et al.The global distribution and population at risk of malaria:past,present,and future[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2004,4(6):327-336.
[5]张丽,周水森,丰俊,等.2014年全国疟疾疫情分析[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2015,33(5):319-326.
[6]王亚丽,王煊,张彦平.2005-2013年全国本地感染与境外输入疟疾流行病学特征分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(2):120-126.
[7]丰俊,张丽,张少森,等.全国2005-2015年疟疾疫情分析[J].中国热带医学,2017,17(4):325-335.
[8]周华云,王伟明,朱国鼎,等.2016年江苏省疟疾疫情流行病学分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2018,30(1):32-36.
[9]钱成,王俊杰,李红,等.近六年来中国输入性疟疾流行形势及口岸卫生检疫分析[J].口岸卫生控制,2016,21(4):30-37.
[10]陈远东,屈志强,李萍.全球疟疾流行现状及我国输入性疟疾疫情[J].医学动物防制,2017,33(1):51-54.
[11]葛藤,姜卓,石静,等.2005-2012年辽宁口岸输入性疟疾流行病学分析[J].中国国境卫生检疫杂志,2013,36(3):165-167.
[12]陈凤义,袁秀妹,郑莉莉,等.大连地区寄生虫病防治效果显著[J].中国微生态学杂志,2006,18(6):495-496.
[13]许艳,孔祥礼,赵长磊,等.2014年山东省疟疾疫情流行病学分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(1):30-33.
[2]龚震宇.2015年全球疟疾防控概况[J].疾病监测,2016,31(2):174-176.
[3]张丽,丰俊,张少森,等.2015年全国疟疾疫情分析[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2016,34(6):477-481.
[4]Hay SI,Guerra CA,Tatem AJ,et al.The global distribution and population at risk of malaria:past,present,and future[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2004,4(6):327-336.
[5]张丽,周水森,丰俊,等.2014年全国疟疾疫情分析[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2015,33(5):319-326.
[6]王亚丽,王煊,张彦平.2005-2013年全国本地感染与境外输入疟疾流行病学特征分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(2):120-126.
[7]丰俊,张丽,张少森,等.全国2005-2015年疟疾疫情分析[J].中国热带医学,2017,17(4):325-335.
[8]周华云,王伟明,朱国鼎,等.2016年江苏省疟疾疫情流行病学分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2018,30(1):32-36.
[9]钱成,王俊杰,李红,等.近六年来中国输入性疟疾流行形势及口岸卫生检疫分析[J].口岸卫生控制,2016,21(4):30-37.
[10]陈远东,屈志强,李萍.全球疟疾流行现状及我国输入性疟疾疫情[J].医学动物防制,2017,33(1):51-54.
[11]葛藤,姜卓,石静,等.2005-2012年辽宁口岸输入性疟疾流行病学分析[J].中国国境卫生检疫杂志,2013,36(3):165-167.
[12]陈凤义,袁秀妹,郑莉莉,等.大连地区寄生虫病防治效果显著[J].中国微生态学杂志,2006,18(6):495-496.
[13]许艳,孔祥礼,赵长磊,等.2014年山东省疟疾疫情流行病学分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(1):30-33.