渤海国上京龙泉府宫城遗址苔藓植物物种多样性
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摘要
渤海国上京龙泉府遗址是我国中古时期东北地域规模最为宏大的遗址,也是展现唐代都城整体风貌的罕见大遗址,具有不可替代的科考价值。为全面掌握遗址核心保护区宫城址苔藓植物多样性,在9个样点设置45个样方共采集216份标本,采用Excel 2010和R语言3. 5. 1软件统计苔藓植物的物种组成、生境类型及相似性系数、α多样性指数和水分生态类型,结果如下:(1)样方内共记录苔藓植物35种,其中苔纲1种,藓纲7科17属34种;优势科为青藓科(Brachytheciaceae)、丛藓科(Pottiaceae)、真藓科(Bryaceae)和绢藓科(Entodontaceae);优势种为长帽绢藓(Entodon dolichocucullatus S. Okam.)、尖叶青藓(Brachythecium coreanum Card.)、北地扭口藓(Didymodon fallax Hedw.)等。(2)生境类型主要为墙面生(40. 00%)和石生(28. 89%),其次为土生(17. 78%)和树附生(13. 33%);墙面生与石生物种相似性最高(38. 71%),树附生与其他生境物种相似性为零。(3)α多样性指数为墙面生>石生>土生>树附生。(4)水分生态类型只有旱生植物、中生植物和湿中生植物,以中生植物占优势(51. 43%)。研究结果将为遗址的有效保护提供基础资料和科学依据。
Relics of Shangjing Longquanfu of Parhai State is the largest site in northeast region in medieval times,which demonstrate the style and features of Tang Dynasty. However,researches about bryophyte diversity in special relics habitats remain rare. The miyagi relics is the core of protection,and it has irreplaceable scientific value. In order to fully understand the diversity of bryophytes,a total of 216 specimens were collected from 45 quadrats at 9 sampling sites. Species composition,habitat types,similarity coefficient,α diversity indexes and water ecological types of bryophytes were analyzed by adopting Excel 2010 and R 3. 5. 1. Main results were as follows:(1) the 35 species were recorded in total,including 1 in Hepaticae and 34(17 genera,7 families) in Musi. Dominant families were Brachytheciaceae,Pottiaceae,Bryaceae and Entodontaceae.Dominant species were Entodon dolichocucullatus S. Okam.,Brachythecium coreanum Card. and Didymodon fallax Hedw. etc.(2) Habitat types were wall(40. 00%) and rock(28. 89%),with soil(17. 78%) and tree(13. 33%) habitats took second place. Similarity coefficient was the highest between wall and rock(38. 71%),while the value was zero between tree and other 3 habitats.(3) Values of Patrick,Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indexes were wall > rock > soil > tree.(4) Water ecological types were only xerophyte,mesophyte and phreatophyte, in which mesophyte(51. 43%) was dominate. Above research findings have important significance and will provide basic data and scientific basis for effective protection of the miyagi site.
Relics of Shangjing Longquanfu of Parhai State is the largest site in northeast region in medieval times,which demonstrate the style and features of Tang Dynasty. However,researches about bryophyte diversity in special relics habitats remain rare. The miyagi relics is the core of protection,and it has irreplaceable scientific value. In order to fully understand the diversity of bryophytes,a total of 216 specimens were collected from 45 quadrats at 9 sampling sites. Species composition,habitat types,similarity coefficient,α diversity indexes and water ecological types of bryophytes were analyzed by adopting Excel 2010 and R 3. 5. 1. Main results were as follows:(1) the 35 species were recorded in total,including 1 in Hepaticae and 34(17 genera,7 families) in Musi. Dominant families were Brachytheciaceae,Pottiaceae,Bryaceae and Entodontaceae.Dominant species were Entodon dolichocucullatus S. Okam.,Brachythecium coreanum Card. and Didymodon fallax Hedw. etc.(2) Habitat types were wall(40. 00%) and rock(28. 89%),with soil(17. 78%) and tree(13. 33%) habitats took second place. Similarity coefficient was the highest between wall and rock(38. 71%),while the value was zero between tree and other 3 habitats.(3) Values of Patrick,Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indexes were wall > rock > soil > tree.(4) Water ecological types were only xerophyte,mesophyte and phreatophyte, in which mesophyte(51. 43%) was dominate. Above research findings have important significance and will provide basic data and scientific basis for effective protection of the miyagi site.
引文
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3.王冬阳.唐五代渤海国上京龙泉府遗址保护研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2014.Wang D Y.Research-site-protection Tangwudai-Dynasty Shangjing Longquanfu of Parhai state[D].Shijiazhuang:Hebei Normal University,2014.
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8.侯荣,张华,弋灵均,等.辽东山地古石河冰缘地貌森林生态系统苔藓物种多样性研究[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(6):857-872.Hou R,Zhang H,Yi L J,et al.Study on epiphytic bryophytes species diversity of forest ecosystems in the ancient rock stream periglacial landform of the Liaoning Eastern Mountains[J].Plant Science Journal,2016,34(6):857-872.
9.籍烨,张朝晖.喀斯特石漠生态系统不同自然演替阶段中苔藓植物多样性特征分析[J].植物科学学报,2014,32(6):577-585.Ji Y,Zhang Z H.Analysis of bryophytes diversity features in various successional stages of a Karst rocky desertification ecosystem[J].Plant Science Journal,2014,32(6):577-585.
10.韩淑婷,田桂泉,韩淑美.大青沟国家自然保护区不同植被类型地面生苔藓植物物种多样性研究[J].植物研究,2017,37(5):664-672.Han S T,Tian G Q,Han S M.Species diversity of ground bryophyte communities in different vegetation in Daqinggou National Nature Reserve[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2017,37(5):664-672.
11.刘艳,皮春燕,田尚.重庆大巴山国家级自然保护区苔藓植物多样性[J].生物多样性,2016,24(2):244-247.Liu Y,Pi C Y,Tian S.Bryophyte biodiversity of the Dabashan National Nature Reserve in Chongqing[J].Biodiversity Science,2016,24(2):244-247.
12.王登富,张朝晖.赤水河上游主要森林植被中苔藓物种多样性研究[J].植物研究,2013,33(5):558-563.Wang D F,Zhang Z H.Species diversity of bryophytes in main forest vegetations in upper reach of Chishui River[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2013,33(5):558-563.
13.Rajkowska K,Otlewska A,Koziróg A,et al.Assessment of biological colonization of historic buildings in the former AuschwitzⅡ-Birkenau concentration camp[J].Annals of Microbiology,2014,64(2):799-808.
14.李阳,董耀祖,李万政,等.统万城遗址土夯城墙苔藓植物多样性[J].中国野生植物资源,2017,36(2):61-65.Li Y,Dong Y Z,Li W Z,et al.Diversity research of the bryophyta on the wall of Tongwan Castle Site[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2017,36(2):61-65.
15.白贵斌.苔藓及地衣对凉州明长城的保护作用研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.Bai G B.Protection effect of bryophytes and lichen on the Ming Great Wall in Liangzhou[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2012.
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17.田玉娥.洛阳回洛仓遗址病害及临时加固措施[J].洛阳考古,2017,(2):86-89.Tian Y E.Damages to the Huiluo Granary site and its temporary consolidation[J].Archaeology of Luoyang,2017,(2):86-89.
18.赵岗,李玉虎,肖亚萍,等.大唐西市土遗址苔藓物种鉴定及其病害成因分析[J].分析测试技术与仪器,2017,23(2):87-92.Zhao G,Li Y H,Xiao Y P,et al.Species identification and analysis of causes of bryophyte bred on earthen archaeological site of Tang West Market[J].Analysis and Testing Technology and Instruments,2017,23(2):87-92.
19.张明泉,王旭东,钱春锋,等.东山村遗址渗水病害防治技术研究[J].敦煌研究,2018,(1):73-79.Zhang M Q,Wang X D,Qian C F,et al.Research on the water seepage and disease control technology in Dongshan Village[J].Dunhuang Research,2018,(1):73-79.
20.武发思,汪万福,贺东鹏,等.良渚北城墙考古土遗址表面藻类的分析研究[J].敦煌研究,2014(4):114-120.Wu F S,Wang W F,He D P,et al.Analysis of algae growing on the surface of the north city wall of Liangzhu Site[J].Dunhuang Research,2014(4):114-120.
21.张虎元,李敏,王旭东,等.潮湿土遗址界定及病害分类研究[J].敦煌研究,2011(6):70-75.Zhang H Y,Li M,Wang X D,et al.Status and countermeasures of conservation of earthen monuments in moist circumstances[J].Dunhuang Research,2011(6):70-75.
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