波流对人工岬头和海滩养护工程的响应
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摘要
以新开河口至南山岸线为研究对象,为减少海岸侵蚀,在岸线两端修建人工岬头和包含水下沙坝的海滩养护工程.基于MIKE 21软件建立潮流和波浪耦合模型,研究波流动力对人工岬头和海滩养护工程的响应变化.人工岬头的挑流作用使得东西岬头前流速增加,但岬湾内部流速减小并在岬头后侧形成弱环流.海滩养护工程后沙坝坝顶有效波高略有增加,但沙坝之间有效波高有所削减,沙坝后侧海域波高明显减少;滩肩前方海域有效波高减小,涨潮期间波高减小量大于落潮期间波高减小量.人工岬头和海滩养护工程的共同作用可有效削减岬头和沙坝环抱海域特别是近岸的潮流和波浪,减少海岸侵蚀.
Taking the coast from the Xinkai estuary to Nanshan as a study object, the artificial headlands and a beach nourishment project including underwater sandbars will be constructed to reduce coastal erosion. MIKE 21 was employed to establish tidal current and wave model, hence the responses of current and wave to artificial headland and beach nourishment project can be obtained. The velocity in front of headlands can be increased due to jet-like-flow, however, the velocity inside of the headland-bay is decreased, and a weak circulation appears in the back of the headland. After the beach nourishment, wave height increases at the crest of sandbar, while it decreases between and behind sandbars with more decreasing behind sandbars. Wave height decreases in front of the berm, and has more reduction during flood period than ebb period. The combined effect of artificial headland and beach nourishment project can effectively reduce the tidal currents and waves in the area encircled by headlands and sandbars, especially near shore, hence reduce coastal erosion.
Taking the coast from the Xinkai estuary to Nanshan as a study object, the artificial headlands and a beach nourishment project including underwater sandbars will be constructed to reduce coastal erosion. MIKE 21 was employed to establish tidal current and wave model, hence the responses of current and wave to artificial headland and beach nourishment project can be obtained. The velocity in front of headlands can be increased due to jet-like-flow, however, the velocity inside of the headland-bay is decreased, and a weak circulation appears in the back of the headland. After the beach nourishment, wave height increases at the crest of sandbar, while it decreases between and behind sandbars with more decreasing behind sandbars. Wave height decreases in front of the berm, and has more reduction during flood period than ebb period. The combined effect of artificial headland and beach nourishment project can effectively reduce the tidal currents and waves in the area encircled by headlands and sandbars, especially near shore, hence reduce coastal erosion.
引文
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[15] 匡翠萍,戚健文,蒋茗韬,等. 泥沙输运与海床演变对曹妃甸港口工程的响应[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 42(12): 1840. KUANG Cuiping, QI Jianwen, JIANG Mingtao, et al. Respones of sediment transport and bed evolution to Caofeidian Harbour Project[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2014, 42(12): 1840.
[16] 张雅卓,练继建. 基于水动力特性的河道景观设计方法[J]. 天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版), 2012, 45(1): 64. ZHANG Zhuoya,LIAN Jijian. Method of river landscape design based on the hydrodynamic characteristics[J]. Journal of Tianjin University(Science and Technology), 2012, 45(1): 64.
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[19] 李文斌. 新开河口至南山岸线海滩修复工程水沙动力及水体交换响应特征研究[R]. 上海: 同济大学, 2018. LI Wenbin. A study on responses of hydrodynamic and sediment and water exchange to beach nourishment project on Xinkai River mouth-Nanshan Coast[R]. Shanghai: Tongji University, 2018.
[20] 国家海洋信息中心.2015年潮汐表[M].北京:海洋出版社,2015. The National Marine Data and information Service. Tide tables of 2015[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2015.
[21] ALLEN J I, SOMERFIELD P J, GILBERT F J. Quantifying uncertainty in high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem models[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2007, 64(1-4): 3.
[2] 严恺,梁其荀. 海岸工程[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2002. YAN Kai,LIANG Qixun. Coastal engineering[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press,2002.
[3] PAN Y, KUANG C, GU J, et al. Assessment of a measure for water exchange strengthening of artificial headland bays based on shoreline change and flushing time[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 2014, 30(3): 615.
[4] 张简凡. 岬湾人工沙滩设计方法研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2016. ZHANG Jianfan. Research of design method of artificial headland bay beaches[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2016.
[5] KUANG C, PAN Y, ZHANG Y, et al. Performance evaluation of a beach nourishment project at west beach in Beidaihe, China[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 2011, 27(4): 769.
[6] ANDREW J, COOPER G, PILKEY E A. Pitfalls of shoreline stabilization:Selected case studies[M]. [S. l.]: Springer, 2012.
[7] 曹坤,拾兵,赵多苍,等. 人工沙坝喂养侵蚀海滩效果研究[J]. 海洋湖沼通报, 2015(4): 127. CAO Kun,SHI Bing,ZHAO Duocang,et al. Study of the effect of the artificial sandbark on the eroded beach nourishment[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2015(4): 127.
[8] PRICE T, RUESSINK G. State dynamics of a double sandbar system[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2011, 31(6): 659.
[9] CASTELLE B, TURNER I L, BERTIN X, et al. Beach nourishments at Coolangatta Bay over the period 1987—2005: Impacts and lessons[J]. Coastal Engineering, 2009, 56(9): 940.
[10] 杨燕雄,贺鹏起,张甲波,等. 北戴河西海滩人工岬湾养滩规划研究[J]. 工程地质学报, 2007,15(6):418. YANG Yanxiong,HE Pengqi,ZHANG Jiabo,et al. Artificial headland-bay beach trial research in Western Beach of Beidaihe[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2007,15(6):418.
[11] 张宇,刘曙光,匡翠萍,等. 北戴河西海滩养护工程海域潮流场数值研究[J]. 水运工程, 2008(7): 7. ZHANG Yu,LIU Shuguang,KUANG Cuiping,et al. Numerical study on flow field in nourishment area on West Beach of Beidaihe[J]. Waterway Engineering, 2008(7): 7.
[12] 匡翠萍,王佳元,马悦. 洋河-葡萄岛岸线整治与修复工程设计方案研究技术报告[R]. 秦皇岛: 河北省地矿局秦皇岛矿产水文工程地质大队, 2016. KUANG Cuiping,WANG Jiayuan,MA Yue. Report of shoreline evolution and hydrodynamic response to beach nourishment project at Yanghe River-Grape Island Region[R]. Qinhuangdao: Hebei geological and Mineral Bureau Qinhuangdao mineral hydrology and Engineering Geological Brigade, 2016.
[13] 匡翠萍,冒小丹,顾杰,等. 海域水动力对老虎石海滩养护响应关系分析[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 42(5): 689. KUANG Cuiping, MAO Xiaodan, GU Jie, et al. Analysis of hydrodynamic response to beach nourishment at Tiger-Rock Beach[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2014, 42(5): 689.
[14] 匡翠萍,王彬谕,顾杰,等. 福建海坛湾波流双向耦合下水动力特征[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 44(8): 1212. KUANG Cuiping,WANG Binyu,GU Jie,et al. Study of hydrodynamics using a bi-directional wave-current coupled model in Haitan Bay, Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2016, 44(8): 1212.
[15] 匡翠萍,戚健文,蒋茗韬,等. 泥沙输运与海床演变对曹妃甸港口工程的响应[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 42(12): 1840. KUANG Cuiping, QI Jianwen, JIANG Mingtao, et al. Respones of sediment transport and bed evolution to Caofeidian Harbour Project[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2014, 42(12): 1840.
[16] 张雅卓,练继建. 基于水动力特性的河道景观设计方法[J]. 天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版), 2012, 45(1): 64. ZHANG Zhuoya,LIAN Jijian. Method of river landscape design based on the hydrodynamic characteristics[J]. Journal of Tianjin University(Science and Technology), 2012, 45(1): 64.
[17] Danish Hydraulic Institute. MIKE 21 & MIKE 3 flow model hydrodynamics and transport moduel science documentation[M]. Denmark: DHI Water & Environment, 2014.
[18] Danish Hydraulic Institute. MIKE 21 spectral wave module scientific documentation[M]. Denmark: DHI Water & Environment, 2014.
[19] 李文斌. 新开河口至南山岸线海滩修复工程水沙动力及水体交换响应特征研究[R]. 上海: 同济大学, 2018. LI Wenbin. A study on responses of hydrodynamic and sediment and water exchange to beach nourishment project on Xinkai River mouth-Nanshan Coast[R]. Shanghai: Tongji University, 2018.
[20] 国家海洋信息中心.2015年潮汐表[M].北京:海洋出版社,2015. The National Marine Data and information Service. Tide tables of 2015[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2015.
[21] ALLEN J I, SOMERFIELD P J, GILBERT F J. Quantifying uncertainty in high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem models[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2007, 64(1-4): 3.